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Period: to
The Civil War
A war on slavery -
Period: to
Reconstruction Era
Reuniting the south, Rebuilding the south, infrastructure, and economy, Protecting freedmen, civil rights. 1863 started planning the reconstruction era, and 1865 was when it was actually starting. -
Wade-Davis Bill
1864 Proposed far more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction; required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution; Lincoln refused to sign the bill, pocket vetoing it after Congress adjourned. -
Johnson's plan
In 1865 President Andrew Johnson implemented a plan of Reconstruction that gave the white south a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South. -
Lincolns plan
Also called the 10% plan, was lenient, once ten percent of a southern state's 1860 voters had taken an oath of loyalty, the state could rejoin the union. "with malice toward none, with charity for all" Lincoln. -
Congressional (Radical Republican) Plan
They believed the south should be punished for starting the war and hoped to protect the rights of freedmen.
Extended the freedmen bureau to provide food, clothing, shelter, and education for freedmen and war refugees. -
Thaddeus Stevens.
Thaddeus Stevens was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania and one of the leaders of the Radical Republican faction of the Republican Party during the 1860s. -
The Black Codes
The Black Codes were laws passed in 1865 and 1866 by Southern states in the United States after the American Civil War in order to restrict African Americans' freedom and to compel them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
13th Amendment
Abolished Slavery. -
14th Admendment
The 14th amendment grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War. -
15th Admendment
The 15th amendment granted African American men the right to vote. -
Laissez-Faire
Laissez-Faire is a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering. -
Period: to
Industrial Age
Gilded age during the industrial age as well.
Progressive era after the industrial. The railroads powered the industrial economy. They consumed the majority of iron and steel produced in the United States before 1890. As late as 1882, steel rails accounted for 90 percent of the steel production in the United States. They were the nation's largest consumer of lumber and a major consumer of coal. -
Rutherford B. Hayes
Rutherford Birchard Hayes was the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, having served also as an American representative and governor of Ohio. Hayes was a lawyer and staunch abolitionist who defended refugee slaves in court proceedings in the antebellum years. -
7 Factors of Production
-Natural resources: Become goods
-Capital, Needed to pay for the production of goods.
-Labor Supply: Used to make goods.
-Technology: Better was to make more& better ways.
-Consumers: bought & used goods & services.
-Transportation: Lined raw materials to factories & factory goods to a consumer.
-Government Cooperation. -
Tariff
A Tariff is a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports. -
political machine
A party organization that recruits voter loyalty with tangible incentives and is characterized by a high degree of control over member activity -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
the law that suspended Chinese immigration into America. The ban was supposed to last 10 years, but it was expanded several times and was essentially in effect until WWII. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was the first significant law that restricted immigration into the United States of an ethnic working group. An extreme example of nativism of the period -
American Federation of Labor
1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent. -
Interstate Commerce Act
1887 law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses -
Sherman Antitrust Act
First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions -
Theodore Roosevelt
Early Career, Elected to the New York State Legislature at age 24, Became a police commissioner in NYC, Became Assistant Secretary of the Navy in 1897, Quit in 1898 to fight in the Spanish, American War in Cuba, Famous for leading his “Rough Riders” up San Juan Hill, Due to this war, the US acquired Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, Became (R) Governor of New York in 1899, Attacked corruption and made many enemies, Made a name as a progressive reformer -
Horizontal Integration
The process of a company increasing production of goods or services in the same part of the supply chain. -
Cornelius Vanderbilt
He started out in shipping and then transferred over to railroads. -
Andrew Carnegie
Controlled 25% of steel production. -
Andrew Carnegie
Controlled 25% of steel production. -
John D. Rockefeller
Founded the standard oil company in 1870. -
John P Morgan
Known as the Giant of Finance. -
Social Darwinism
People who thought that life is a struggle and the poor are just weak and lazy. -
Captian of Industry
A business leader that increased the supply of goods, provided jobs, raised productivity and built museums, libraries, and universities. -
Interstate commerce act
1887 law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses. -
Credit mobiler
1872, This was a fraudulent construction company created to take the profits of the Union Pacific Railroad. Using government funds for the railroad, the Union Pacific directors gave padded construction contracts to Congress members -
Patronage
Granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support. -
Political boss
representative for or head of the political machine; gained votes for their parties by doing favors for people. -
Tenement
A building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little sanitation or safety -
Settlement houses
Community centers located in the slums and near tenements that gave aid to the poor, especially immigrants -
Political corruption
Dishonest acts committed by people working for the government (federal, state, local levels -
Consumer goods
products and services that satisfy human wants directly -
Mass production
Process of making large quantities of a product quickly, cheaply by using machines and an assembly line -
Mechanization
Using machines to do tasks that human or animal labor used to do -
Rural
Counrtyside -
Agriculture
relating to farming or rural matters -
Sweatshop
A shop or factory where workers work long hours at low wages under unhealthy conditions -
Urbanization
An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in cities -
the progressive era presidents
The most important political leaders during this time were Theodore Roosevelt, Robert M. La Follette Sr., Charles Evans Hughes, and Herbert Hoover. Some democratic leaders included William Jennings Bryan, Woodrow Wilson, and Al Smith. -
Ida Tarbell
A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil. -
16th amendment
taxes on income. -
17th amendment
direct elections of senators -
18th amendment
banned alcohol. -
19th amendment
womens suffrage -
patronage system
AKA Spoils System. Filling government bureaucracy based on connections & political favors not merit (cronyism); ended by Pendleton Act (1883) -
Plessy v. Ferguson
"separate but equal" doctrine supreme court upheld the constitutionally of Jim Crow laws -
Vertical Integration
Two or more companies for production, Usually, each member of the supply chain produces a different product or service, -
James J. Hill
Built the Great Northern Railroad. -
William H. Taft.
Physically large, Honest, loyal, no vices, Poor speaker, lacked tact and procrastinated, Successes as President (R) 1909-1913, Added more land to public parks & forests (not as much as TR), Broke up more than 90 monopolies, including Standard Oil in
1911, Set up the Dept. of Labor & Bureau of Mines to protect
workers, Supported the passage of the 16th and 17th Amendments, Established the 8 hour day for government workers -
Woodrow Wilson
Presidency
Won 3-Way election of 1912, Carried 40 of 48 states, but just 40% of the vote (minority president), Republicans would blame TR for Wilson’s victory, Successes came under his program called New Freedom, Underwood Simmons Act (1913) lowered import
tariffs, Created the Federal Reserve System to stabilize
banking, Keating-Owen Act curbed the use of child labor, Federal Farm Loan Act gave farmers low interest
loans, Worked for passage of Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914) -
The jungle
Upton Sinclair's infamous 1906 novel that was a story that brought to light the problems in the meat industry. It was tied to the rise of the Progressive Era was all about getting the government more involved with society problems instead of letting society take care of itself through natural selection. -
Eugene V. Debs
Head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman strike; he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking. While in prison, he read Socialist literature and emerged as a Socialist leader in America. -
Jane Addams
the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes -
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
law that regulated the food and patent medicine industries; some business leaders called it socialistic meddling by the government. -
Gifford Pinchot
head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them -
Industrial workers of the world
Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes -
franz ferdinand
Archduke of Austria Hungary who was assassinated at Sarajevo by a Serbian terrorist group called the Black Hand; his death was a main cause for World War I (june 28th 1914) -
word war 1 neutrality in usa
word war 1 underway in europe president wilson proclaims neutrality and offers to mediate the conflict. august -
Allied powers (triple entente)
Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy -
Central Powers, (Triple alliances)
Germany, Austria-Hungary, supposed to be Italy
added fighting: turkey, Bulgaria -
Lusitania
German u boats sink the lusitania, killing 1,198, including 128 americans. may 7th -
Before we joined the war
The war was good for america economically, northern employers employed black southerners, northern economy was booming. -
Congress declares war on germany
April 2nd 1917 -
New weapons
Tanks, Machine guns, Poison gas, torpedoes by submarines
trench warfare, no mans land is where there was constant gunfire that no one could cross.
planes were used for the first time.
zeppelin, like a blimp wasn't used for long -
Armistice ends the war
November 11th 1918 -
Official end of ww1
June 28th, 1919 -
the treaty of Versailles
The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers
