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1234 BCE
Legislative branch
makes the laws -
187
William Howard Taft
he was endorsed by Roosevelt because he pledged to carry on progressive program then he didn't appoint any progressives to the cabinet actively pursued anti-trust-law suits appoint Richard Ballinger as secretary of the interior, Ballinger opposed conversation and favored business interest Taft fires Gifford Pinchot, ran for re-election in 1912 but lost to Wilson -
999
limited government
power of the government is limited by the us constitution." no one is above the law" -
1000
Reform
to change for the better -
1123
separation of powers
divides the powers of government into three branches -
1210
16th Amendment
The 16th amendment allows the government to levy an income tax from all Americans. -
1234
Executive branch
executes the laws -
Initiative
the process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot -
Monopoly
control of one business able to set the market price of an idem. -
Social Darwinism
survival of the fittest smartest, hardest working rise to the top. -
Free Enterprise
te free enterprise system in the united states grew by leaps and bounds. free enterprise is an economic system in which businesses have the freedom to offer for sale many kinds of goods and services. -
Direct Primary
a primary where voters directly select the candidates who will run for office -
Conservation
protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment -
Secret Ballot
first used in Australia in the 1800s. all candidate's names were to be printed on the same white piece of paper at the government's expense and polling was to be done in private. it was opposed by the party machines who wanted to be able to pressure people into voting for their candidates but it was implemented and is still in use -
Cornelius Vanderbilt
He started out in shipping by buying his first ferry boat at the age of 16. He became the wealthiest man in the world and built the grand central depot in NYC. -
Expanding rail transportation
even, when Abraham Lincoln was president plans, were being made to connect railways that would allow one to travel from the Atlantic coast to the pacific coast. railroads had been built from the Atlantic coast to Nebraska. now the goal was to connect a railway from Nebraska to the pacific coast. -
Capitalism
entrepreneurs with the talent, vision, and willingness to take risks were able to achieve unprecedented wealth and power -
Philanthropy
The weathery give their money to good causes -
Gospel of Wealth
The rich deserved what they had but that they should share it. -
Nativism
Native american Are better than immigrants. -
Socialism
economic and social systems. -
Progessivism
a social reform movement based on improving society through the power of the government -
Interstate Commerce Commission
an agency that sets the laws for all the companies that do business across state lines -
Square Deal
Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers -
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
an agency that regulates a variety of business practices and curbs false advertising, misleading pricing, and deceptive packaging and labeling -
Populist
a party made up of farmers and laborers that wanted direct election of senators and an 8hr working day -
Gifford Pinchot
head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them -
Robber Barron
A person who made excessive amounts of money in business. A person was thought to have used unfair business practices and showed little empathy for the common factory worker. -
captian of industry
Gave back to their communities by participating in philanthropy. -
Laissez-faire
an economic system in which investment in ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations. -
"Remember the Maine"
After the U.S. battle cruiser Maine exploded in Havana harbor, the New York Journal rallied its readers to "Remember Maine," galvanizing popular support for the U.S. war against Spain. Evidence of Spanish complicity in the explosion was not found; the likely cause was later found to have been internal to the ship. -
james J. hill
Canadian born but settled in st. Paul, he used no government land grants. and had built the grand northern railroads. -
J.D. Rockefeller
He started a standard oil company in 1870. He gave away 500 million dollars. -
Industrial Revolution
during the industrial revolution machines started to replace hand tools and factors began to replace craft shops after the civil war even greater changes took place in American industry -
Abraham Lincoln Plan
His plan was also known as the 10% plan and he did not include the high ranking civil and military officers to the confederate government -
2 railroad companies
in 1862 congress gave 2 companies the right to build the railroad. the government also gave them the land and loaned them money. the union pacific railroad built west from Omaha, Nebraska. the central pacific railroad built east from Sacramento, Calfornia. -
building the railroads
the majority of the union pacific track was built by Irish laborers, veterans of both the union and confederate armies, and Mormons who wished to see the railroads pass through Ogden Utah. Chinese workers built most of the central pacific track. most of the men received between one and three dollars per day, but the workers from China received much less. eventually, they went on strike and gained a small increase in salary. -
Johnson's Reconstruction Plan
Johnson was the only southern senator that refused to leave. It would readmit the states if the state would declare that the secession is illegal to swear alliance to the union and ratify the 13th amendment. -
Civil War
the issue was slavery Fought By the north and south. -
13th Amnedment
Tye 13th amendment was to abolish slavery -
Congress Reconstruction Plan
In the plan they wanted the political power of the slaveowners class destroyed, give the blacks full citizenship and make the south pay for actions. -
the pacific railroad coast
the pacific railroad bill passed by congress and signed by Abraham lincoln in1862 offered land and bonds to the construction company as payment for each mike completed. the amount of money per mile paid to the central pacific or pacific railroad companies would be determined by how difficult the terrain was where the track was laid. -
14th Amendment
- It declared all people to be citizens 2.Equal protection of the laws
- Citizens could not be denied life, liberty, or property without due 4.prosses of law. 5.reduced the representation in the congress of states that did not grant black suffrage. 6.banned confederate officials from taking office
- forbade the repayment of confederate war debt.
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Angel Island in San Francisco Bay
immigrants faced harsh questioning and lengthy detentions in a runway, dirty facility. -
The railroads meet
on May 10, 1869, the 2 railroads meet at promontory Utah at golden spike with a prayer written on it was used to complete the first transcontinental railroad. -
15th Amendment
The right to vote shall not be denied on the dasic of "race color or previous conditions of servitude". -
Protective Tariff
A tax or imported goods that are intended to protect a business from foreign competition. -
Reconstruction Era
After the civil was the south needed to be rebuild -
Election
Samual Tilden defeats Rutherford B. hayes in the election -
Rough Riders
Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War -
7 factors of American Industrial Growth.
Natural resources
Capital
Labor supply
Technology
Consumers
Transportation -
Tariff
A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class or imports or exports -
Monopolies formed
Their goal was to get rid of competition and control prices -
Theodore Roosevelt early career
elected to the new york state legislature at age 24
became a police commissioner in NYC
became assistant secretary of the navy in 1897
quit in 1898 to fight the Spanish American war in Cuba
famous for leading his rough riders up the san Juan hill
due to this war, the US acquired guard the Philippines and Puerto Rico
became governor of new york in1899
made many enemies
made a name as a progressive reformer -
The Civil Right Cases And Plessy Vs. Ferguson
southern business owners were refusing public service the blacks.
US supreme court struck down the civil rights act of 1875 saying that the 14th amendment applied only to the state's private citizens could now legally discriminate on race. -
Theodore Roosevelt Personal Life
father died while tr was at college
in 1884 his wife and his mother dided on the same day
baby daughter Alice
went to live in Dakota badlands
became a respected ranchers
married childhood sweetheart and had five more kids -
Ellis Island in NYC
required physical exams and government inspections of documents -
Andrew Carnegie
entered the steel business 1887 controlled 25% of the steel production. Then he sold his steel business to jp morgan. -
Patent
A government-issued document that protects and investors exclusive right to profit from him/her invention for a set period of time -
Charleston S.C
were sponsored with free passage, guaranteed jobs, and a place to stay with local families while in charleston. -
Hull House
settlement house founded by progressive reformer jane Addams in Chicago in 1889 -
setting the stage
by 1890 the frontier was officially considered closed. free land was no longer available to settlers moving west. two waves of immigrants would come to settle America there are differences
in culture as well as competition for jobs would create tension. -
William Jennings Bryan
Democratic candidate for president in 1896 under the banner of "free silver coinage" which won him the support of the Populist Party. -
Battle of San Juan Hill
July 1, 1898-One of the most important battles of the Spanish-American War. Roosevelt, the Rough Riders and Pershing's Buffalo Soldiers defeated Spanish on Kettle and San Juan Hill. -
Admiral Dewey
a united states naval officer remembered for his victory at manila bay in the Spanish American war. -
Treaty of Paris
(1898) treaty that ended the Spanish American war. Provided that Cuba be free from Spain. -
Eugene V. Debs
Head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman strike; he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking. While in prison, he read Socialist literature and emerged as a Socialist leader in America. -
Wrote "The Jungle"
Upton Sinclair -
Manila Bay
this battle took place on May 1, 1898, during the Spanish -American wat. the American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Admiral Patricio montojo that marked an end to wooden ships to the more powerful American steel navy -
Jane Addams
the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes -
Causes of the Spanish-American War
Yellow journalism, imperialism, Spain brutality to the Cubans, the explosion of the USS Maine. -
USS Maine
Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War -
William Randolph Hearst
A leading newspaperman of his times, he ran The New York Journal and helped create and propagate "yellow (sensationalist) journalism." -
sparks of WW1
the spark of WW1 was the assassination of archduke Fraz Ferdinand. and was killed by Gavrilo Princip -
the bill of rights
first ten amendments of the constitution. protected individual rights and liberties -
compromise of 1877
signaled by the end of reconstruction -
Civil War
1861-1865 -
Sharecropping
the system in which landowners provided farmers with housing and supplies in return for a portion of their crops -
Splendid Little War
Nickname for Spanish American war coined by Hay, indicative of US attitude and cockiness -
Gilded Age
The gilded age was the time from the end of the civil war through the beginning of the twentieth century. -
Suffrage
right to vote -
19th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. -
Robert La Follette
Progressive Wisconsin governor who attacked machine politics and pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary -
Woodrow Wilson
President of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations. -
Arbitration
settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider -
Federal Reserve Act
the law that created the modern banking system -
Jacob Riis
Early 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen -
Referendrum
a state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment -
jp morgan
began his career as an accountant was a banker and a great organizer. bought Carnegie steel in 1901 -
Coal Strike of 1902
1902 T. Roosevelt set the precedent by settling this strike using arbitration -
Ida Tarbell
A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil. -
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
the law that regulated the food and patent-medicine industries some business leaders called it socialistic meddling by the government. -
Meat Inspection act
1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions -
Upton Sinclair
in 1906 with his novel The Jungle, which exposed the deplorable conditions of the U.S. meat-packing industry. -
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
signed by Taft in march of 1909 in contrast to campaign promises. was supposed to lower tariff rates but senator NelsonN. Aldrich of Rhode island put revisions that raised tariffs this split the republicans party into progressives and conservatives. -
Bull Moose Party
nickname for the new progressive party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912 -
New Freedom
democrat Woodrow Wilsons political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912 Wilson wanted to improve the banking system lower tariffs and by breaking up monopolies give small businesses freedom to complete -
Democrat
name of Wilson's party in the election of 1912 -
Clayton Antitrust act
1914 act designed to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890; certain activities previously committed by big businesses, such as not allowing unions in factories and not allowing strikes, were declared illegal. -
Underwood-Simmons Tariff
1914, lowered tariff, substantially reduced import fees. lost tax revenue would be replaced with an income tax that was implemented with the 16th amendment -
Theodore Roosevelt Childhood
born into extreme wealth in new york city.
started out weak and in poor health
had serve asthma and did not expect to live past 5
would practically lose sight in boxing mishap
father stressed physical fitness and built himself a gym. -
Jane Adams
She was a notable figure in the history of social work and women's suffrage in the United States and an advocate for world peace. -
Recall
procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office -
federalism
power is shared between the state and national government. -
black codes
laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the civil war -
Allied Powers
france,russia.great britian,serbia and italy united states -
central powers
Germany,turkey, and Austria -
cause of WW1
millitarism
alliances
nationalim
imperlilism
extrme leaders -
Patent System
the patent system is to encourage innovation by granting inventors a patent for their inventions. -
judicial branch
interpurts the laws -
checks and balances
make sure no branch of the government becomes too powerful. for example, the president can veto a bill congress can impeach a president and the supreme court can rule a law unconstitutional
