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Branches Of Government
Legislative-makes laws, Executive-executes the laws, judicial-interprets laws -
Sources of labor
urbanization, rural population doubled, grew 700% -
Nullification Crisis
an argument between South Carolina and federal government over the role of the national government -
Period: to
Civil War
Fought over slavery tore the nation apart -
Westward Expansion
California gold rush- 40,000 people migrated to the east Great plains- grassland of Central North America that extends from Mississippi river to rocky mountains homestead act- law saying 160 acres to anyone willing to settle land in the west -
Abraham Lincoln
president of the United States, killed by John Wilks Booth -
Leaders
Souths leader was Ullasa S. Grant
North leader was Robert E. Lee -
Freedmen's Bureau
Help the newley freedmen become part of society -
Plans
Lincolns -plan is also known as the 10% plan took it easy on the south.
Jonson- had a presidential pardon
Congress- 50% of voter very strict on south -
Amendments
13th- Help souths economy
14th- Equality for all slaves
15th-end segregation -
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Reunited the southern states, put the 14th Amendment (giving slaves citizenship) -
Philanthropy
an active effort to improve society through donations of wealth -
Bill Of Rights
First 10 amendments, protects induvial rights -
Causes Of The Civil War
North and south about slavery, taxation, -
Reconstruction Era
Reunite the nation, rebuild the south, instructor, encomny, protect newly freedmen, civil right, Lincon worked on it in 1863 -
Seven Stages
1.Natural resources-fertile soil, swift-moving water
2.Capital-Currency,corporations,bank loans
3.Labor-Birth rate, immigration
4.Technology-Telephone, electricity, factory
5.Consumers- mail orders, department stores, overseas market
6.Transportation- rivers,roads,railroads
7.Government cooperation- high tariffs, patent system, no interstate tax -
Tariffs
taxes on buying American goods -
Laissez-Faire Philosophy
Limited, hands-off government -
Wave 1
Were old immigrants who came from northern and western Europe(great Britain, Germany) before 1880 -
Industry exploited workers
boys worked the caol mines, 50% of the industrial workers were women and children, low pay, long hours, and poor conditions -
J.D. Rockefeller
foundered a stander oil company in 1870. He became the nation's first billionaire. -
Vertical integration
buying up resources, transporting, etc. -
Horizontal integration
Merging like companies together -
Monopoly
In law, a monopoly is a business entity that has significant market power, -
Port of Charleston S.C
A place for immigrants with guarantee jobs, ad a place to stay with local families -
Cornelius Vanderbilt
started in shipping and bought his first boat at 16. Later sold everything and went into the railroad then became the wealthiest man in America -
James J. Hill
He was an "empire builder", he built the great northern railroad, and his home is now a historical site -
Social Darwinism
Said that the rich were meant to be rich. Said that the poor were lazy or weak. "hunt and kill" method to have power -
Wave 2
New immigrants more than one third came from southern or eastern Europe (Italy, Greece,) -
Angle Island
Immigration station that held Chinees immigrants -
Andrew Carnegie
He went from rags to riches, and controlled 25% of the steel industry. -
Three main problems with Progressive Era
1.Worker issues- child labor, low wages, long hours, unsafe conditions
2. Urbanization - overcrowding, tenements, unsafe 3. Business- band labor unions, monopolies -
Nativism
Prejudice native-born American who are against immigrants, fueled by culture difference -
Progressive Era 1890-1918
changes wanted- government, pay, working conditions
problems of Gillage? Monopolies, captains of industry
What they want fixed- equal power, voting, labor unions, regulations, -
Ellis Island
Located at the mouth of Hudson River between New York and New Jersey, immigration station, a purpose it served for more than 60 years -
Important Women
Florence Kelly, she helped improve the lives of women and children, 1893. Ida Tarbell was an investigative journalist who wrote about standard oil company.Jane Adams made the Hull House -
Plessy V. Ferguson
separate but equal ended segregation -
Spanish American War
The U.S helps Cuba because of trades, 1898 McKinley avoids war but extreme journalists (Joseph Pulitzer, William Hearst) and USS Maine exploded on Feb 15, 1898. war late April to August 1898, the U.S gained Putre Rico, Philippines, and Guam. The U.S becomes a world power -
J.P Morgan
He was known as "giant of finance", he was a banker and built companies like GE and AT&T -
Muckrakes
writers who focus on negative things going on (Upton Sinclair- Jungle) ( Jacob Riis-How the other half lives 1809) -
Shirtwaist Factory Fire
145 women died, workers went on strike to get higher wages, shorter hours, and union labor. Owners Max Blank & Issac Harris -
Causes Of WW1
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (killed by Gavrilo Princip), Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, Extreme Leaders -
Central Powers Of WW1
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, Turkey (Ottoman empire) -
Long Term Causes Of WW1
imperialism(ending countries power), alliances(neutral benefits), nationalism(supporting your nation), militarism(government should have strong military) 1914-1918 -
Big 4
France, the U.S, Italy, Britain -
Spark Of WW1
Assination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand killed by the Bosnian Serb. nationalist and the USS Maine was blown up -
Alliances Of WW1
Allied Powers- Britain, France, Russia Italy, U.S Neutral Powers- Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands, Denmark, Norway -
Trench Warfare
Trench-Protects from fire, 10ft deep. No man's land- space between trenches. Weapons- Mustard gas, Planes, Machine guns -
Why U.S Entered WW1
Telegram sent from Germany to Mexico trying to create an alliance(Zimmerman telegram), Submarine warfare, Wilison wanted to keep democracy -
Presidents In Progressive Era
Roosevelt (1901-1908), Howard(1908-1912), William(1912-1920), Eugene Debs was the socialist candidate. -
Important People In Progressive Era
Florence Kelly, Eugene Debs socialist candidate, Robert La Follette Reform gov. of Wisconsin -
Progressive Era Goals
- Improve working conditions
- Probation
- Ending Laissez-faire
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Umbrella of Progressivism
Suffragettes, populists, temperance, labor union, civil rights -
Organizations From Progressive Era
YMCA, Salvation Army -
Power
Federalism-power shared between government and state Limited Government- the power of government is restricted by the constitution Republicanism-people vote for elected representative to run a government Popular Sovereignty-people who hold unlimited power Constitutional Republic- people are limited by law -
Amendments In Progressive Era
16-1913 income taxes
17-1913 direct elections of senators
18-1919 banded transportation of alcohol
19-1920 women voting -
Progressivism
Protecting social welfare, Promoting moral improvement, Creating economic reform, fostering efficiency -
Terms From Progressive Era
Reform- Changes things to make then better. Middle class- Not classified as rich or poor. Hull house- Settlement house for the poor. Recall- Vote to remove politicians from office Referendum-Citizens vote yes or no for a law Arbitration- Help two sides to compromise Secret Ballot- Vote in private Direct Primary - Voters choose candidates for elections Conservation- efforts to protect the environment Initative- Citizens place laws on the ballot -
TR Actions
Pure food and drug act- Have to label food Meat Inspection act- Gov. checks if the meat is good or bad. Hepburn Act- Gov power to set railroad. Sherman anti-trust act- limits the size of big power business. Progressivism- Movement that gets gov. involved in society. Interstate commerce commission-Gov. agency used to supervise railroad. Square deal- Theodore Roosevelt's plan to help people. Coal strike of 1902-Settled by Roosevelt because of arbitration. -
Wilson Actions
Bull Moose Party-Roosevelts party in the election of 1912. Clayton Antitrust Act-Strengthened Sherman Anit-trust act. New Freedom-Name of Woodrow Wilson's plan to help people. Federal Trade Commission (FTC)-Gov. agency that watches over businesses. Payne-Aldrich Tariff- Raised the tariff to almost 50%. Democrat- Wilsions polital party. Underwood Tariff-Lowered the tariff for the first time scince Civil war. Federal Reserve Act -Imrove banking system.
