American History 1

By Indiasturdivant
  • 1492

    Columbus "Discovers America"

    Columbus "Discovers America"
    Lands and Hispaniola
  • 1519

    Hernando Cortez claimed new colonies

    • claimed new colonies for Spain
    • conquered the Aztec Empire
  • 1532

    Francisco Pizzaro claimed new colonies

    • claimed new colonies in Spain
    • conquered the Inca Empire in Peru
  • 1539

    Hernan de Soto discovers and cross the Mississippi River

    • First to discover and cross the Mississippi River
    • Assisted Pizzaro with the conquest of the Inca
  • 1565

    Spanisg settlement in the Americas

    conquered the Native Americans and established New Spain

  • English settlement in the Americas

    • "The lost colony"
    • Founded on Roanoke island off the coast of NC
    • 1585-1587

  • Jamestown, Virginia

    • 1st successful English settlement
    • founded by the Virginia company
    • primarily settled to make money

  • French settlement in the Americas

    • New France
    • Quebec, Montreal
    • Detroit (Michigan), New Orleans (Louisiana)

  • Dutch settlement in the Americas

    • New Amsterdam
    • offered new land tracts called patroonships

  • Anne Hutchinson

    Held private prayer meetings
    Banished from colony and moved to Rhode Island
    Native American Resistance

  • Roger Williams

    Believed in religious freedom
    Banished from Massachusetts
    left and established providence in Rhode Island the land he bought from the native

  • Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts

    • Considered a "separatists"
    • left and established Providence

  • Anne Hutchinson Hershey charges

    • Held private prayer
    • Banished from colony and moved to Rhode Island
    • Brought up on Hershey chargers in 1637

  • Pequot war wiped out

    In 1637 Pequot were virtually wiped out by the English

  • Navigation Act

    Required the colonies to sell certain goods to only England or pay a tax to sell it to other countries

  • King Phillips war

    Involved the Wampanoag
    Attacked white settlement
    Indians were defeated and marked

  • Fort Duquesne

    in 1754 the French built Fort Duquesne at the point where the Ohio River forms

  • Parclamation of 1763

    After French and Indian war king George issues Parclamation to organize new territory, cut off any expansion to the west

  • Treaty of Paris

    Great Britain acknowledged the US as a free nation

  • The Sugar Act

    Previous tax on sugar, colonists smuggled to avoid paying taxes, George Grenville of parliament reduced the tax but increased enforcement hoping to be able to collect it.

  • Quartering Act

    Colonists required colonists to provide living quarters (housing and supplies) to British soldiers in the colonies

  • Boston Massacure

    A clash between British troops and townspeople in Boston in 1770.

  • Lexington and Concord

    On April 18, 1775, British General Thomas Gage sent 700 soldiers to destroy guns and ammunition the colonists had stored in the town of Concord, just outside of Boston.

  • The Declaration of Independence

    Listed all of the colonists grievances against the Crown; explained why they were declaring independence

  • Land Ordinance 1785

    Congress sold tracts of land to raise money

  • Northwest Ordinance of 1787

    Created guidelines for admission as states in the US

  • The United States Constitution

    Delegates met to revise the Articles of Confederation but decided to create a new constitution

  • Judiciary Act of 1789

    • Washington wanted to set up a federal court system headed by a Supreme Court
    • No details for a court system in the Constitution

  • Textile mills

    First textile mills in America were opened by Samuel Slater in Pawtucket, Rhode Island in 1791

  • Eli Whitney - Cotton Gin

    • Cotton gin- 1793 - cleaned the seeds out of cotton
    • Sped up the cleaning of seeds

  • Jay's Treaty - Great Britian - 1794

    British began stopping US ships bound for France and impressing seamen (taking US sailors captive and forcing them to serve the British)

  • Pinckey's Treaty - Spain - 1795

    • Opened up the southern part of the Mississippi River and New Orleans
    • Established the northern border between Spanish Florida and the US

  • Election of 1796

    • John Adams elected as the 2nd president
    • Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican) v. John Adams (Federalist)
    • Thomas Jefferson - his political rival, becomes Vice President

  • Eli Whitney - Interchangeable Parts

    Parts of one musket could be used as parts for another musket

  • Convention of 1800

    • Convention of 1800 resolved the conflict between US and France - delicate balance with no alliance to avoid war with Great Britain

  • Second Great Awakening

    • Tent meetings
    • A large religious movement swept the nation
    • Supported reforms in America
    • Began around 1800
    • Revivals led by Charles G. Finney

  • Lewis and Clark Expedition

    • The Corps of Discovery left St. Louis, Missouri on May 14, 1804
    • Two years and four months later on September 23, 1806, the Corps of Discovery returned to St. Louis

  • Embargo Act of 1807

    • President Jefferson declared an embargo(no trade) with Britain and France
    • Believed it would hurt Britain and other European countries and force them to accept American Neutrality

  • Robert Fulton - Steam Boat

    • Launched the first successful steamboat service in 1807
    • Steamboats decreased travel time - made trips shorter

  • War of 1812

    Causes:
    * British military aid to Native Americans on the frontier
    * British impressments of American sailors - Jay’s Treaty
    * Embargo Act - Jefferson’s alternative to war
    * War Hawks - Pushed for war with Great Britain

  • War of 1812 - Battles

    • Battle of Horseshoe Bend
    • Treaty of Ghent
    • Battle of New Orleans

  • Election of 1812

    James Madison reelected

  • James Monroe elected president

    • 5th president of the United states
    • "Era of good feelings"

  • Panic of 1819

    US faced widespread economic problems

  • Adams Onis Treaty Negotiate with Spain

    US acquired Florida and established a firm
    boundary between the Louisiana Territory
    (US territory through the Louisiana
    Purchase) and Spanish territory in the west

  • McCulloch vs. Maryland

    Supreme Court (John Marshall) ruled
    that Congress had the right to establish a
    national bank under the Necessary and
    Proper (Elastic) Clause of the Constitution

  • Election of 1820

    James Monroe reelected

  • Missouri Compromise

    The extension of slavery into new
    territories divides the North and South -
    conflict over state’s rights

  • Texas part of mexico

    Mexico gained independence from Spain

  • Monroe Doctrine

    Stated American continents were no
    longer open to colonization - US would view
    any attempt as an act of aggression

  • Election of 1824

    Evidence of sectional differences within the US

  • Gibbons Vs. Ogden

    Supreme Court (John Marshall) ruled
    that only Congress had the power to
    regulate interstate commerce and foreign
    trade

  • Erie Canal

    Connected the Great Lakes with the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean

  • New Harmony

    Share everything, live in harmony

  • Election of 1828

    Andrew Jackson reelected, James defeated Adams

  • Tariff of Abominations

    Protective tariff designed to protect
    northern manufacturing from competition
    from cheaper British imports

  • Stephen Austin

    led a group of settlers to Texas - Mexican government led by General Santa Anna exerted control over settlers

  • Indian Removal Act

    Congress passed the Indian Removal
    Act - authorized the removal of Native
    Americans from the SE United States

  • Nat Turners Rebellion

    Caused the south to strengthen slave
    codes (laws restricting activities and conduct
    of slaves)

  • William Lloyd Garrison

    • Founded The Liberator, an anti-slavery newspaper - 1831
    • Used the freedom of press to get his message out.

  • Election of 1832

    Pet banks was a key issue in this election

  • South Carolina Nullification Crisis

    • South Carolina began protesting the Tariff of Abominations - high tariffs on British imports
    • SC threatened to secede if the tariffs were not repealed

  • Cyrus McCormick - Mechanical Reaper

    Made harvesting wheat easier

  • Trail of Tears

    Troops sent to round up Cherokee and move
    them to Oklahoma

  • Election of 1836

    Martin Van Buren elected

  • Sam Houston

    led the settlers into a rebellion - declared Texas independence

  • The Alamo

    • Every Texan perished - “Remember the Alamo”
    • Texans took Santa Anna hostage - agreed to recognize the Republic of Texas - 1836

  • John Deere - Steel Plow

    Allowed farmers to plow and grow crops in areas out west that’s land was too dry or hard

  • Election of 1840

    William Henry Harrison elected

  • Brook Farm

    Based on transcendentalism

  • The National Road

    Promoted travel and trade—AND SETTLEMENT OF THE WEST!

  • Webster-Ashburton Treaty

    *Signed in 1842 by Daniel Webster of US and Lord Ashburton of Great Britain
    *Established the United States’ northern border with Canada in Maine and Minnesota

  • Election of 1844

    • Polk elected

  • Samuel F.B. Morse - Telegraph

    Communication is revolutionized-whole different way of sending msgs

  • Mexican War

    Polk sent troops to Texas border to settle US-Mexico border dispute and to negotiate the purchase of California and New Mexico

  • Wilmot Proviso

    Proposed banning slavery from any land purchased from Mexico

  • Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

    ended Mexican war

  • Sewing Machine

    • Elias Howe had the first patent on a sewing machine in the united states in 1846
    • Helped to increase speed of manufacturing of textiles

  • Oregon

    • President Polk approached Britain proclaiming “”54-40, or fight!” - claimed US had rightful claims to Oregon territory
    • British accepted fearing loss of trade with US - 49th parallel used as official boundary
    • Oregon became a state in 1846

  • Womens Rights Movement

    Stanton called for women to be given the right to vote

  • Mexican Cession

    Mexico gave up New Mexico and California territories to the United States in exchange for payment

  • Election of 1848

    Zachary Taylor (Whig) elected President over Lewis Cass (Democrat) and Martin Van Buren (Free-Soil)

  • Oneida

    every man married to every women "free love"

  • Gold Rush

    Settlers moving west in search for gold

  • compromise of 1850

    Henry Clay offers a compromise to maintain balance between the free and slave states

  • California Gold Rush

    California enters the union as a free state due to the Compromise of 1850

  • Death of president Taylor

    President Zachary Taylor died of cholera

  • Election of 1852

    Franklin Pierce (Democrat) elected president over Winfield Scott (Whig) and John P. Hale (Free-Soil)

  • Gadsden Purchase

    Land purchased to run a transcontinental railroad

  • know nothings

    Became part of the Republican Party after 1856

  • Election of 1856

    James Buchanan (Democrat) elected president over John C. Fremont (Republicans) and Millard Fillmore (Whig & American {Know-Nothings}

  • Election of 1860

    Lincoln wins election with no southern electoral votes

  • First Battle of Bull Run

    First battle between the Union and Confederate army
    CONFEDERATE VICTORY

  • Fort Sumter – First Shots Fired

    Lincoln sent food for the troops, but before it arrived, Confederate soldiers opened fire

  • Morill Land Grant Act

    Distributed millions of acres of western territory to state governments

  • Antietam

    Bloodiest single day of the war
    23,000 killed in one day

  • Vicksburg

    Union wanted control of the Mississippi River

  • Homestead Act

    Anyone who would agree to cultivate 160 acres of land for 5 years would receive title to that land from the federal government

  • Fredericksburg / Chancellorsville

    *Fredericksburg, Virginia
    - Dec. 1862
    - Large number of Union casualties
    - CONFEDERATE VICTORY
    *Chancellorsville, Virginia
    - May 1863
    - Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson killed
    - CONFEDERATE VICTORY

  • Emancipation Proclamation

    Freed the slaves in the confederate states while preserving slavery in the border states that were still loyal to the union

  • Election of 1864

    Democrats nominated George McClellan – former Union general to run for president

  • Appomattox – End of the War

    Grant surrounds Lee outside of Richmond, Virginia

  • Civil Rights act of 1866

    Congress passed with the intention of giving citizenship rights to African Americans

  • Election of 1868

    Ulysses S. Grant elected

  • Election of 1872

    Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) reelected president over Horace Greeley (Democratic)

  • Election of 1876

    • Grant’s administration surrounded by corruption (Whiskey Ring, Credit Mobilier)
    • Samuel Tilden (Democrat) v. Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican)

  • Compromise of 1877

    • Democrats agreed to give Hayes the presidency
    • Republicans agreed to end Reconstruction in the South

  • Oklahoma Land Rush

    People given land in Oklahoma to encourage settlement