American civil war 1

American Civil War

By AndrewMagie

  • Southern Secession

    Southern Secession
    • In 1861, 7 Sates seceded from the United States of America to form their own country.
    • Florida, Texas, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina formed the Confederate States of America -No foreign nation had recognized the Confederate States of America as an independant country
    • Their President was Jefferson Davis, a former senator from the State of Mississippi

  • Jefferson Davis

    Jefferson Davis
    • President of the Confederate states of America during the Civil War
    • Served from Feb 18 1861 - May 10 1865
    • He personally took charge of the Confederate war plans, and could not find a way to defeat the stronger and more organized Union
    • His diplomatic efforts failed to gain recognition from any foreign country
    • At home he paid little attention to the collapsing Confederate economy which led to massive inflation -Was well liked at the start of his term, but eventually became very disliked

  • Abraham Lincoln

    Abraham Lincoln
    • In office from March 4 1861 - April 15 1865
    • His election was a main reason that the Civil War started
    • Lincoln was elected because he was the only one of the three candidates who was not pro-slavery and therefore had the Northerners' vote, while the two others split the Southern votes
    • Lincoln led the United States through its greatest constitutional, military, and moral crisis; the Civil War; and preserved the Union, and abolished slavery -His 2nd term ended when he was assassinated.

  • Copperheads

    Copperheads
    • A copperhead was a very vocal group of democrats in the Northern U.S. who disagreed with the civil war and wanted it to end as soon as possible
    • The term copperhead was used by Republicans to compare them to the venomous snake
    • Occasionally, the copperheads talked about violent revolt but never executed, though they were very damaging to the Union war efforts by fighting the draft, encouraging desertion, and forming conspiracies
    • 1861-1865, but especially prominent during the 1864 election

  • General Stonewall Jackson

    General Stonewall Jackson
    • Confederate General who was the best in the war other than General Lee
    • He was best known for his Valley Campaign in 1862 and his service as a corps commander in the Army of Northern Virginia
    • At the Battle of Chancellorsville on May 2, 1863, Confederate pickets accidentally shot him
    • His life was spared thanks to an arm amputation, but he died 8 days later due to pneumonia
    • His death was a severe setback for the Confederacy, military prospects, but also morale
    • He was a Southern icon

  • General Lee

    General Lee
    • Commander of the Confederate army in the Civil War
    • Years of Service:1829–1861 (U.S. Army) 1861–1865 (C.S. Army)
    • He was a Colonel in the U.S. army and was promoted to General upon joining the Confederate army
    • Distinguished himself as an exceptional officer and combat engineer in the United States Army for 32 years
    • Lee had been offered command of both armies but decided to support his home state of Virginia even though he believed the country should remain as one

  • General Grant

    General Grant
    • Ulysees S. Grant was a Union General
    • He was viewed as a man of incredible persistence and an iron will
    • Very early in the was he was promoted to commander of the army by Abraham Lincoln
    • He freed the majority of the states of Kentucky and Tennessee
    • He was present at almost all of the big American Victories
    • Because he was so good as a General, he became President of the United States on March 4 1869

  • Blockades

    Blockades
    • On April 19, 1861, President Lincoln issued a Proclamation of Blockade Against Southern Ports
    • Blockading was a union naval tactic to prevent the South from trading
    • Over 5,600 kilometers of coastline was blockaded by the Union, including 12 major ports like New Orleans -Confederates tried to evade the Blockades by using small, light and fast ships called Blockade runners Blockade Runners

  • Slaughter at Shiloh

    Slaughter at Shiloh
    • Union General Ulysees Grant was awaiting reinforcement from General Buell
    • Confederate General Albert Johnston planned to attack Grant's troops before Buell could reach them
    • At the start of the battle, it seemed like a sure victory for the Confederates who had taken Grant by surprise
    • But General Johnston was shot on the field and it was a major hit to morale, and then General Buell's troops showed up and added 25000 men to Grant's forces
    • Out of 100,000 men, 24000 were casualties

  • Union captures New Orleans

    Union captures New Orleans
    • April 25, 1862 – May 1, 1862
    • The Union had to fight past Fotrs Jackson and St. Philips to get to New Orleans
    • The city itself was spared a lot of the destruction that many other Southern cities faces
    • New Orleans was the biggest Confederation city and it's capture was very important for the Union

  • Battle of Antietam

    Battle of Antietam
    • Fought in Shapsburgh, Maryland
    • First major battle in the Civil War to be fought on Union Soil
    • It is the bloodiest single-day battle in American history with 22,700 dead, wounded, or missing -The battle was tactically inconclusive, but since the Confederate troops retreated from the battlefield first, they technically lost
    • General Lee of the confederates preformed exceptionally well, and held his own in the battle, whereas Geneal Mclellan performed poorly for the Union -cont.

  • Battle of Anitetam cont.

    Battle of Anitetam cont.
    • The results at Antietam also allowed Abraham Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation -Abraham Lincoln waited until a Union victory before he passed the Proclamation, to avoid it looking like an act of desperation -The Proclamation played an important role in dissuading Britain and France from recognizing the Confederation as a country
    • Antietam

  • Emancipation Proclamation

    Emancipation Proclamation
    • War measure during the Civil War created by Abraham Lincoln
    • It freed all the slaves in the rebelling states, which applied to 3.1 million out of 4 million slaves in the U.S. at the time
    • The proclamation did not compensate the slave owners, nor did it outlaw slavery, but it made the eradication of slavery an explicit war goal
    • This Proclamation did not apply to the 5 slave states not in Rebellion; Delaware, Missouri, Maryland, West Virginia, and Kentucky

  • 54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry

    54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
    54th Infantry- Active from March 13, 1863 to August 4, 1865
    - One of the first official African American units in the United States during the Civil War
    - Comprised of ~1,100 men
    - Many joined because of the promise of equal pay to their white counterparts at $13 per month
    - They in fact only got $7 per month and there were a few movements by both white and blakc soldiers to try and equalize pay
    - They were very important in the second battle of Fort Wagner

  • Siege of Vicksburg

    Siege of Vicksburg
    Siege of Vicksburg- General Ulysees Grant and the army of Tennessee crossed the Mississippi river to attack the Army of Vicksburgh under the command of Lit. Col. John Pemberton
    - The entire Vicksburg campaign lasted a month and a half
    - Originally, Grant launched 2 major assualts againts Confederate fortifications, but after those failed with heavy casualties, he beseiged the city of Vicksburg beginning on May 25th
    - 40 days later, the garrison surrendered
    - The Union now controlled the Mississippi river

  • Battle of Gettysburgh

    Battle of Gettysburgh
    Gettysburg
    - Battle lasted 3 days (July 1-3)
    - Over 3 days, there were 46,000 combined casualties, which was the most of any battle in the war
    - Often regarded as the turning point in the war (Confederates winning to Union winning)
    - Battle of Gettysburgh ended Generl Lee's invasion of the north
    - Led to President Lincoln's Gettysburgh address
    - Gettysburgh

  • Battle of Chatanooga

    Battle of Chatanooga
    • The Chattanooga campaign was a series of battles in October and November 1863
    • There were 4 major battles in the Battles of Chattanooga (Orchard Knob, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Rossville Gap)
    • Union casualties ended up around 5,800
    • Confederate casualties ended up around 6,700, and an additional 6000 were taken prisoner -The Chattanooga campaign is generally considered a Union victory because the two major Confederate armies were routed

  • Gettysburg Address

    Gettysburg Address
    Gettysburg Address- Lincoln's famous speech came four and a half months after the Battle of Gettysburg
    -In 2 minutes, Lincoln restated the principles of human equality outlined in the Declaration of Independence and claimed that the Civil War as a struggle for the preservation of the Union, which had been negatively affected by the succession of the southern states
    - He insisted that after the war ended, the Union would be "a new birth of freedom," that would bring true equality to all of its citizens.

  • POW Camp Andersonville (Camp Sumter)

    POW Camp Andersonville (Camp Sumter)
    • The camp got as large as 26.5 acres with a 15 foot high stockade around the entire perimeter
    • The camp was terribly undersupplied with food, which affected both the prisoners and the Confederate guards, but the prisoners more so
    • The prisoners were prone to diseases like scurvy and by the time 7 months had passed since the opening, over 75% of the prisoners had died
    • Prisoner exchanges were prohibited so any soldier sent to this camp was stuck here
    • The prison was liberated in May 1865

  • Burning of Atlanta

    Burning of Atlanta
    • Union forced under William Sherman were campaigning to capture the important rail and supply center of Atlanta
    • The city fell on September 2 1864 by capturing the rail lines and cutting off the Confederate supply lines
    • The confederate army left days later
    • Sheerman and his troops stayed for over 2 months before he ordered the troops to evacuate all citizens
    • Sherman burned all but 400 which was between 3200 to 5000 homes and businesses
    • He then left for Savannah to do Sherman's March

  • Sherman's March

    Sherman's March
    Sherman's March- Also known as the Savannah Campaign
    - Lasted until Dec 21 1864
    -Started when General William Sherman left the city of Atlanta, Georgia; and ended when he captured the port of Savannah, Georgia
    - His troops destroyed military targets as well as industry, infrastructure, and civilian property
    - It was important in disrupting the south economy and transport routes
    - Sherman was bold because he went deep into enemy territory without supply lines
    - Sherman had 62,000 men
    - The confederates had 13k