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February Seventh Massacre
- ordered by Wu Peifu—a powerful warlord in north China
- targeted against railway workers building a north-south rail line in central China
- Wu thought the railway was essential for the consolidation of his own power
- intended to crush worker solidarity
- deaths of workers, arrests of labor organizers (communists) + executions', suppression of most powerful and militant workers' organization
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May 30th Incident
- murder of Chinese worker by Japanese foreman in Japanese owned cotton mill on May 28th sparked a large demonstration
- thousands of demonstrators went to the International Settlement where many foreigners lived
- British commanded police fired on the protestors
- a female student was killed for the first time