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Period: to
African American
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Segregation of public transportation
Tennessee segregated railcars, Florida following close behind a few years later in 1887. There were to be separate railcars for blacks and whites, as well as any other form of public transportation. -
Civil rights act gets overturned
The Civil Rights act is declared unconstitutional. The 14th amendment can only tell states not to discriminate, it cannot tell citizens though. -
The Carrollton Massacre
On March 17, 20 black Americans were massacred at Carrollton, Mississippi. -
The Afro-American League
On January 25, under the leadership of Timothy Thomas Fortune, the militant National Afro-American League was founded in Chicago. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
The Supreme Court decided on May 18 in Plessy v. Ferguson that "separate but equal" facilities satisfy Fourteenth Amendment guarantees, thus giving legal sanction to Jim Crow segregation laws. -
The NAACP is formed
On February 12 a national appeal led to the establishment of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, an organization formed to promote use of the courts to restore the legal rights of black Americans. -
Segregated neighborhoods
On December 19, the City Council of Baltimore approved the first city ordinance designating the boundaries of black and white neighborhoods. This ordinance was followed by similar ones in Dallas, Texas, Greensboro, North Carolina, Louisville, Kentucky, Norfolk, Virginia, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Richmond, Virginia, Roanoke, Virginia, and St. Louis, Missouri. The Supreme Court declared the Louisville ordinance to be unconstitutional in 1917. -
NAACP protest
Thousands of African-Americans marched down Manhattan's Fifth Avenue on July 28, protesting lynchings, race riots, and the denial of rights. -
The Supreme Court acts
On November 5, the Supreme Court struck down the Louisville, Kentucky ordinance mandating segregated neighborhoods -
Ruby Bridges
First grader Ruby Bridges is the first African American to attend William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans. She becomes a class of one as parents remove all Caucasian students from the school -
Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act becomes law. It prohibits discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion or national origin. -
The Equality of Educational Opportunity Study
The Equality of Educational Opportunity Study is conducted in response to provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Its conclusion that African American children benefit from attending integrated schools sets the stage for school "busing" to achieve desegregation -
Dr. Martin Luther King assassinated
Dr. Martin Luther King, Nobel Prize winner and leader of the American Civil Rights Movement, is assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4th. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday, observed on the third Monday of January, celebrates his "life and legacy." -
First African American congress woman
Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm, an African American educator, becomes the first African American woman to be elected to the U.S. Congress -
Racial Integration of public schools
Federal Judge Arthur Garrity orders busing of African American students to predominantly white schools in order to achieve racial integration of public schools in Boston, MA. White parents protest, particularly in South Boston. -
Bibliography
"African American Pamphlets - Time Line." African American Pamphlets - Time Line. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2013. "American Educational History Timeline." American Educational History Timeline. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2013. -
Summary
African Americans have fought for their rights in this country for many years. The Civil War brought many changes to the lives of black americans, but they were still segregated and treated in unjust ways. The government did next to nothing by not allowing states to discriminate but did nothing towards the people discriminating. Many groups have formed to give full rights to blacks, many protests were held, most ending in beatings and blood shed of the protestors.
