Advances in geography from the 1900 to nowadays

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    (BY MICHELLE GONZÁLEZ) COUNCIL FOR GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION (NCGE) ESTABLISHED.

    Founded in 1915 by George J Miller in order fill in a gap in geographic education. Originally called the National Council for Geography Teachers (NCGT), the name was changed in 1956.
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    EARLY DAYS OF GIS

    Roger Tomlinson, also known as the Father of GIS, is famed for being a pioneer in the field of Geographic Information System (GIS). His early work fifty years ago with the Canada Land Inventory (CLI) in 1962 is widely recognized as the beginnings of GIS.
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    FIRST LAW OF GEOGRAPHY

    The first law of geography was developed by Waldo Tobler in 1970 and it makes the observation that ‘everything is usually related to all else but those which are near to each other are more related when compared to those that are further away’.
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    FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY

    The five themes of geography were developed by the National Council for Geographic Education and the Association of American Geographers to help with geography education at the K-12 levels. The five themes were replaced by the National Geography Standards in 1994.
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    LAUNCH OF GEOGRAPHY IN THE UK NATIONAL CURRICULUM

    The Geography National Curriculum is launched at the Royal Geographical Society with an address given by the Rt. Hon. Kenneth Clarke, Secretary of State for Education and Science in the government of John Major.
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    NATIONAL GEOGRAPHY STANDARDS ESTABLISHED

    Replacing the five themes of geography, a set of eighteen learning standards was created by the National Council for Geographic Education called the National Geography Standards.
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    END OF SELECTIVE AVAILABILITY

    On May 1, 2000, the White House announced the end of Selective Availability. Selective Availability (SA) was the practice of distorting GPS signal locations which reduced the spatial accuracy for civilizations using GPS units. In order to correct the GPS signal locations, users had to differentially correct the GPS data separately. The end of SA opened up GPS use to the commercial market.
    More: U.S. discontinues selective availability of GPS to public
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    GOOGLE MAPS

    Is a web mapping service developed by Google. It offers satellite imagery, aerial photography, street maps, 360° interactive panoramic views of streets (Street View), real-time traffic conditions, and route planning for traveling by foot, car, bicycle, air (in beta) and public transportation. In 2020, Google Maps was used by over 1 billion people every month.
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    AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM: GEOGRAPHY ENDORSED

    Ministers of Education representing the States and Territories of Australia endorsed the Australian Curriculum: Geography from Foundation (5 year olds) to Year 10 (16 year olds). The first time Australia had a national approach to teaching the discipline of Geography. In August 2013 it became the first of all subjects to be published from Foundation to Year 12.
    More: Acara
    The F-10 curriculum