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Martin Luther denounced in his book the Indulgences and criticked that are given by the Catholic Church
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The New Testatment
translated into English by William Tyndale -
Act of Supremacy that founded the Anglican Church and made King Henry VIII the sole and supreme head of the Church
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The church of England separated from the
Roman Catholic Church -
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About Religious belief:
• every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer
• people who did not attend an Anglican service were fined. -
New Church organisation as:
• the authority of the Pope is abolished
• the authority of the Queen over the Church is restored
• The Queen Elisabeth I became “Supreme Governor of the Church of England” -
(1563-1571): establishment of a new Doctrine that:
• stated the doctrine (religious belief) of the Church
• raised 3 important changes : a new ecclesiology (conception of the Church) / a new doctrine of
Salvation (doctrine du salut) / a new definition of sacraments and of the mass
• still in use today -
Pope Pius V issued the papal bull “Regnans in
Excelsis” -
This Act made treason for anyone to say that Elizabeth was not
the true Queen of England and Wales -
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Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary
Stuart on the throne but their strategies were discovered
by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a
coded letter between Marie Stuart and this group. -
She was purposely convicted for complicity and sentenced to death by the Queen Elisabeth I
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A conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parliament and kills James I.
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The King would recieve a fixed sum but some MPs members feared the King would not need to call up Parliaments anymore to get money= the King would be independent.
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They requested the King to recognise the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial.
Wanted to get Charles to recognise that there were limits to his powers
Charles reluctantly signed it but was furious, and as MPs were discussing impeaching Lord Buckingham again, he suspended parliament seating. -
Declared that whoever tried to bring in “Popery or Arminianism” or to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the Kingdom
as well as anyone advising the King to collect custom duties without Parliament’s consent -
The army should be placed under the control of a general appointed by Parliament.
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England declared a “Commonwealth” = governed by its people without a King but fails to reach stability and creation of a military protectorate ruled by Cromwell.
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The protectorate(government leads by a protector here, Cromwell)was a military dictarorship in which the country was lead as a republic with a powerful leader.
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Charles II delivered the Declaration of Breda. It was a proclamation by Charles II of England in which he promised a general pardon for crimes committed during the English Civil War and the Interregnum for all those who recognized Charles as the lawful king.
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Is a series of laws passed during the first 5 years of Restoration. Repressive laws towards non conformists and dissenters( people who lived their faith separate from the Anglican church, except for Catholics).
The Five Miles Act or The act of uniformity 1666 in which all ministers had to swear to conform to the Book of Common Prayer and lead to the restoration of bishops to the House of Lords and to their place in the Church. -
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Rumour of a plot organised by the French to murder Charles II and replace him by his Catholic brother James II.
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Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne. Charles II in response, dissolved the Parliament.
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established religious pluralism and freedom of worship for all Protestants
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It lists King James’ misdeeds and set out the rights of Parliament with basic civil rights. It saw as a political key as it was an essential document of the uncodified British constitution and constitued a model for the US Bill of rights. It was also influenced by John Locke (as: the role of the government is to protect its citizen’s natural rights)
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-Ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs
-made Hanoverian descendants of James I
-represented a Key role in the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain