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Founding of Acadia
Historical records indicate that French explorers Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons, and Samuel de Champlain arrived in the region in the spring of 1604. They established the settlement at Port-Royal shortly thereafter. While the exact day of the founding may not be recorded, it is generally accepted that Acadia was founded in 1604 during the spring months. -
Period: to
Early 17th century (1604) - Late 18th century (late 1700s)
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Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Acadia ceded to the English by the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, leading to increased tensions and conflicts between French and English settlers. -
First and Second French and Indian Wars
King William's War (1688–1697) and Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) were also known as the First and Second French and Indian Wars and resulted in military attacks and raids on Acadian settlements by British and indigenous forces. The war officially began in North America in 1689 with the start of the Nine Years' War in Europe. -
17th century Acadian relations with First Nations
Acadians had varied relationships with First Nations peoples, including trade, alliances, and occasional conflict. They traded goods, formed alliances for mutual benefit, and sometimes fought together against common enemies, particularly during conflicts with European powers. Intermarriage and cultural exchange also occurred, leading to the emergence of Métis communities, these interactions were integral to the social and cultural fabric of Acadia. -
British capture of Port-Royal and control of Acadia
The British capture of Port-Royal occurred on October 5, 1710. This event marked the beginning of British control over Acadia, as Port-Royal was a significant French stronghold in the region. -
Treaty of Utrecht
Acadia ceased to exist as a distinct political entity in 1713, when it was formally ceded to the British Empire by the Treaty of Utrecht. This treaty ended Queen Anne's War (also known as the War of the Spanish Succession) and resulted in the transfer of various territories, including Acadia, from France to Britain. However, the region continued to be inhabited by Acadians and their descendants. -
The Great Expulsion
The Great Expulsion - British authorities forcibly removed thousands of Acadians from their homes and lands, dispersing them across North America, Europe, and the Caribbean. One significant event within this timeframe is the deportation of the Acadian population from the Bay of Fundy region. Specifically, on August 10, 1755, Lieutenant Colonel John Winslow issued the order for the deportation of the Acadians from Grand Pré. -
Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Paris - Acadia formally ceded to the British Empire, leading to further displacement and upheaval for Acadians. This led to further displacement and upheaval for the Acadian population as they struggled to adapt to British rule and maintain their way of life. -
1760s-1770s
Acadians struggle to adapt to British rule and face ongoing challenges, including land disputes, cultural suppression, and restrictions on their language and religion. -
Late 18th century Acadia
Acadians begin to rebuild their communities and reclaim their land, despite continued tensions with British authorities and ongoing efforts to assimilate them into British society. These events show the significant challenges and struggles faced by the Acadian population in the 18th century as they attempted to survive and maintain their cultural identity in the face of displacement, upheaval, and British colonial policies. -
19th century Acadian Culture
Acadian cultural identity is defined by a resilient spirit rooted in a rich tapestry of language, cuisine, music, and traditions. Acadians primarily speak Acadian French, preserving their linguistic heritage amidst adversity. Their cuisine, a fusion of French, indigenous, and local flavors, reflects a deep connection to the land and community. Music and dance, including traditional folk songs and lively jigs, embody the joy and resilience of Acadian life. Catholicism central to Acadian culture.