-
Period: Jan 1, 1519 to Dec 31, 1556
King Charles V of Spain
-Grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella
-Holy Roman Emperor -
Jan 1, 1522
Ferdinand Magellen's Ship Returns from his Circumnavigation
-Took 3 years
-Megellan dies before returning
-Less than 10% of the original 288 men survive -
Jan 1, 1534
Establishment of New France
-First explored by Jacques Cartier
-Would continue as a French colony until 1760 -
Period: Jan 1, 1556 to
King Philip II of Spain (and Southern Italy, Netherlands, and the Americas)
-Absolute monarch
-Created the Golden Century -
Jan 1, 1576
Jean Bodin writes The Six Books of the Republic
-Declares that only a strong monarchy can maintain order
-Lays roots for absolutism -
Period: to
Cardinal Richelieu
-Restricted local authorities -
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
-Queen Elizabeth I
-Storm helps destroy the Spanish fleet -
Period: to
King Henry IV of France
-First king of Bourbon Dynasty
-Mercantilism
-Wanted economic self sufficiency
-Is assassinated -
Period: to
King James I of England
-Not English and did not understand English customs
-Believed in his Divine Right to Rule
-Established English Absolutism
-Raised money without consent of Parliament -
The Gunpowder Plot
-An attempt to kill King James I and most of the aristrocracy
-Blew up the House of Lords during the State opening of Parliament
-Later called Guy Fawkes Day -
Jamestown is Established
-
Period: to
Louis XIII
-Reduced the power of the nobility
-Created intendents (people given to government officials) -
Period: to
KIng Charles I of England
-Had elaborate rituals and ceremony
-Puritans saw him as Pro-Catholic
-Uniformity of Church established by Church court -
Period: to
Charles I of England
-Faced an increasingly aggressive Parliament that resisted taxes and resented the king’s efforts to extend his personal control.-In 1628, Parliament forced Charles to agree to the Petition of Right by which he promised not to levy taxes without its consent-Charles simply refuses to call Parliament into session between 1629 and 1640.-Faced opposition from the Puritans because he was married to a French Catholic -
Petition of Right
In exhange for money to fund his wars, Charles agrees to
-Not imprison those without due Charge
-Not to tax without Parliament's consent
-Not put soldiers in private homes
-Not to enforce Martial law during Peacetime SIGNES, THEN IGNORES BY DISSOLVING PARLIAMENT -
Period: to
The Short Parliament
-There was a rebellion in Scotland
-Charles needed money to fight his war with France
-He disbands it after 3 weeks -
Period: to
Long Parliament
-Could only be dissolved if its members agreed to
-Passed financial bills
-Created through the Act of Parliament -
Triennial Act
-Stated that Parliament needed to be convened for at least a 50-day session every 3 years -
Charles I of England storms Parliament
-Beginning of English Civil War
-He eventually is pushed from London -
Period: to
English Civil War
-Royalists vs. Parliamentarians
-War between the House of Lords and House of Commons
-Church officials and Puritans
-The Presbyterians wanted a Calvinist Church with some central authority, whereas the Independents favored entirely autonomous congregations (beginning of Congregationalism) -
Period: to
King Louis XIV
-Absolutism
-Creates a National Army
-Makes Versailles the center of government
-"Sun King" : God's representation on earth
-Expands the indendent system
-Establishes Religious Unification -
Battle of Naseby
Oliver Cromwell, the new leader of the parliamentarians and his New Model Army defeats the Royalist Cavaliers. -
The Dutch Gain Official Independence From Spain
-Had already establishes a decentralized, constritutional state -
Period: to
The Fronde
-A series of revolts in France against Louis XIV and Mazarin
-Louis' mother took him (as he was only 5) and fled Paris
-Would lay the groundwork for Louis' laws preventing revolts
-Mazarin and Louis's mother eventually took the upper hand because the nobles didn't unite against them. -
Pride's Purge in England
-Cromwell purges the house of Commons of moderates
-Named after the general, Thomas Pride, whose soldiers carried out the purge
-Leads to the execution of Charles I and the crowning of Charles II -
Code of 1649 in Russia
-The Assembly of the Land splits the society into a hereditary class system
-Merges the slave and peasant class into the serf class -
Charles I of England is beheaded
-The High Court, instilled by the Rump Parliament found him guilt of trying to take tyrannical power and sentenced him to death -
Period: to
Commonwealth of England
-England (and Ireland and Scotland later) were ruled as a republic under the Rump Parliament and then under Charles II
-Constitutional Republic
-Constitution: Instrument of Government
-No Monarch
-Most of Europe does not recognize this new government -
Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan
-Argued for unlimited authority in a ruler-Absolute authority could be filed in a king or parliament-It had to be absolute in order to overcome the defects of human nature-Referred to science, not religion-Rulers derived their power from a contract in which absolute authority protects people’s rights. -
England passes the 1st Navigation Act
-Spread Mercantilism overseas
-Aimed at the Dutch, who dominated world trade
-Cromwell tried to carry the policy further by waging naval war on the Dutch from 1652-1654 -
Period: to
The Protectorate in England
-England was run by a Lord Protector (monarchy)
-Oliver Cromwell was the first Lord Protector, and his son Richard was the second and last
-Declares martial law and establishes military dicatorship
-Religious tolerance for all except Catholics
-The Protectorate was dissolved when Richard was unable to keep control of the Parliament and the Army -
Treaty of Pyrenees
-ended conflict between France and Spain
-Signed on Pheasant Island -
Period: to
First Anglo-Dutch War
-Oliver Cromwell wages a war against the Dutch to support the 1st navigation act and English mercantilism -
Period: to
King Charles II of England
-In 1660, a newly elected Anglican Parliament invited Charles II, the son of Charles I to return from exile-Catholic sympathizer
-Had the Cavalier Parliament
-The Clarendon Code -
Act of Uniformity In England
-All clergy had to conform to the Anglixan Book of Common Prayers
-Forbade non-confomrists from public worship or teaching -
Period: to
Second Anglo-Dutch War
-
Period: to
Jean-Baptiste Colbert in office in France
-Worked for the economic self-sufficiency of France -
Period: to
Stenka Razin leads a rebellion in Russia
-Led a revolt in reponse to the new class system
-Razin is caputed and publically dismembered and thrown to the dogs -
Period: to
War of Devolution
-Louis XIV claimed lands in the Spanish Netherlands because the Spanish king had failed to pay the dowry of Louis’s Spanish bride-Louis defeats the Spanish armies, but had to make peace when England, Sweden, and the Dutch Republic joined the war. -War ends with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1668, and Louis gained control of a few towns on the border of the Spanish Netherlands. -
Charles II of England issues Declaration of Indulgence
-suspends all laws against Catholics and Protestant dissenters.
-Parliament claims to suspend all funding for Dutch War unless he rescinds it. -
Louis XIV of France decrees that the Parlements cannot vote against his laws
-The Parlements could not even criticize the laws that Louis proposed, let alone vote against them -
Test Act
-Said that any persons filing for office had to take oaths of supremacy and allegiance and subscribe to a declaration against transsubstantiation.
-Had to declare allegiance to the Church of England -
Period: to
Third Anglo-Dutch War
-
Treaty of Nijmegen (1678-1679)
-Ceded several Flemish towns and the Franche-Comté region to Louis XIV-Ended conflicts between France and the Dutch Republic, Spain, and German Princes -
Period: to
Peter the Great of Russia
-Absolute monarch
-Westernized Russia, which was 400 years behind
-Removed private armies
-Humiliated courtiers -
Period: to
King James II of England
-Convert to Catholicim
-Provoked the revolution that Charles II had avoided
-Claimed the power to suspend or dispense with Acts of Parliament
-Declaration of Liverty of Conscience: extended religious toleration without Parliament's approval -
Period: to
Glorious Revolution in England
-Overthrowing of King James II
-Led under William II of Orange
-Invades England with a dtuch fleet
-Is Crowned King William III with him wife Mary II
-Instills a Bill of Rights which becomes a model for the USA bill of rights -
Period: to
League of Augsburg
-A coalition of England, Spain, Sweden, the Dutch Republic, the Austrian emperor, and various German princes-Fought against France and Louis XIV to a stalemate -
Period: to
William III and Mary II
-Parliament offers the throne jointly to William (r. 1689-1702) and Mary (r. 1689-1694) on the condition that they accept a bill of rights guaranteeing Parliament’s full partnership in constitutional government. -
Toleration Act of 1689
-Allowed freedom of worship to Nonconformists who had pledged to the oaths of Allegience and Supremacy and rejected transubstantiation. -
Bill of Rights in England
-Becomes a model for the USA bill of rights
-Settled issues between king and parliament -
John Locke publishes Treatises of Government
-Served to justify the Glorious Revolution in 1688-Denied the divine right of kings-Thought people were reasonable and the state of nature peaceful-Government’s only purpose was to protect life, liberty, property, -
Peace of Rijwijk
-Ended hostilities between the Augsburg League and France