Absolutism and Constitutionalism Era

European History

Period: Jan 1, 1500 to Dec 31, 1700

Portugal Claims Brazil

Oct 2, 1500

Henry VIII assumes English throne

Oct 2, 1509

Beginning of Protestant Reformation

Oct 31, 1517

Martin Luther's 95 Thesis posted.

Ferdinand Magellan leaves to circumnavigate the globe

Oct 2, 1519

Magellan's landmark expedition begins

German Peasant Revolt

Aug 24, 1524

Disagreements in religion and the reformation cause Peasants to rise up in revolt

Charles V becomes Holy Roman Emperor

Oct 2, 1530

Pope Clement VII crowns Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor.

Church of England

Oct 10, 1531

Church of England Splits from Catholic Church

England splits from Roman Catholic Church

Sep 17, 1534

Henry VIII not happy that the Pope won't allow him to divorce, breaks with Roman Catholic Church, creating the ANGLICAN Church.

Jesuit Order founded

Jan 2, 1540

The Jesuit Order or the Society of Jesus is founded.

First Council of Trent meets

Dec 2, 1545

Henry VIII dies

Oct 2, 1547

Henry VIII dies of possibly gout. Edward VI is the successor.

Bloody Mary Become Queen Regent

Oct 10, 1553

Peace of Augsburg

Aug 4, 1555

This political settlement between the Lutherans and Catholic allowed for the prince of a particular State to decide its faith.

Charles V abdicates all his titles

Oct 25, 1555

On this date, Charles give all of his titles, including his Spanish empire, to his son Philip. However, his brother Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor

Mary Tudor Becomes Queen Regent

Oct 10, 1558

Charles V dies

Nov 2, 1559

French Wars of Religion Begin

Mar 1, 1562

The issue between the Catholics and the Huguenots took a terrible turn as this bloody war begins.

Philip the Crusader

Oct 10, 1571

Believed it was his duty to defend Catholicism.

Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Aug 24, 1572

King Charles IX of France orders the killing of Huguenot Protestant leaders in France, setting off an excess of violence resulting in tens of thousand dead Huguenots.

Portugese King

Nov 12, 1580

The Portugal king died without an heir. Philip was the king's nephew so he seized the Portuguese kingdom.

Spanish Armada

Jul 29, 1588

Just off the coast of France, the "invincible armada" is defeated by English naval forces. The Spanish invasion of England fails due to weather and battle.

Spanish Armada

Dec 9, 1588

King Henry IV assumes throne

Oct 10, 1589

Fransisco Leyva

Oct 10, 1591

Portugese Explorer explored mexico and left parts of it for the Pueblo Indians.

Edict of Nantes

Apr 13, 1598

Henry IV of France issues the order that grants concessions to Huguenots.

Dutch East India Company founded

Mar 20, 1602

The chartered Dutch East India Company was established when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21 year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia.

James I assumes english throne

Oct 10, 1603

Jamestown founded by English Colonists

May 24, 1607

Jamestown was considered permanent after the failed attempts at the Lost Colony of Roanoke, and served as the capital until 1683.

Galileo Galilei Scientific Advancement

Jan 1, 1610

Proves that Planets circle the Sun

King James I Religious Change

Jan 2, 1611

King James Version of the Bible was published in England. This marked the first of the translation of the bible into other languages. More poeple were able to start reading the bible.

Thirty Years War begins

Oct 2, 1618

Members of the Bohemian aristocracy rebelled after the 1617 election of Ferdinand as King of Bohemia. That same year, Protestant churches were ordered to be terminated, causing much fear among the Protestants that they might have their Protestant rights revoked all together. At Prague castle, two regents were thrown out the window for violating the letter of Majesty, finding them guilty. This began the first phase of the Thirty Years War, the Bohemian phase.

African slaves introduced to Virginia

Aug 6, 1619

At Jamestown, Virginia, approximately 20 captive Africans are sold into slavery in the British North American colonies.

James I dissolves Parliament

Oct 6, 1622

Parliament and James I had a good relationship at the beginning of his reign, however, it soon crumbled as James and Parliament wouldn't agree over major issues like royal finances, royal favorites, and the belief James was never wrong.

Danish Phase of Thirty War begins

Oct 4, 1625

The Danish period of conflict began when King Christian IV (the Lutheran ruler of Denmark) supported the Protestants in 1625 against the Holy Roman Emperor.

Swedish Period of Thirty Years War

Feb 4, 1630

Catholic Victories in the other parts of Europe hurt the Protestants. The new Protestant leader became Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. In the summer of 1630, the Swedes moved into Germany.

Puritans Found Boston

Sep 9, 1630

One of the oldest cities in America, Boston, was founded by Puritan colonists

Galileo's Trial

Oct 10, 1633

Condemned for his ideas about the universe. Sentenced to house arrest.

French Period of Thirty Years War

Oct 4, 1635

The Treaty of Prague was wrecked by direct intervention by the French. Cardinal Richelieu of France wanted to weaken the power of the Hapsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire.

Treaty of Prague

Dec 5, 1635

The death of Gustavus Augsburg, together with the exhaustion of the Holy Roman Emperor and German protestant princes brought an end to the Swedish phase. The treaty of Prague strengthened the Hapsburgs and weakened the German princes.

English Civil War Conflict Begins

Aug 11, 1642

The followers of Charles I and the people who agreed with parliament fought each other. Oliver Cromwell takes contol of England. He was in parliament in England.

Battle of Edge hill

Oct 10, 1642

The Battle of Edge Hill was the first major battle in the English Civil War.

Isaac Newton Born

Dec 25, 1642

Sir Isaac Newton, one of the greatest scientists of his era, is born in the United Kingdom

Louix XIII dies, Louix XIV takes French throne

Feb 2, 1643

Louix XIV takes the French throne

Confederation of New England

Oct 4, 1643

Short lived military alliance of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Conneticut, and New Haven colonies

Peace of Westphalia

May 3, 1648

The Peace of Westphalia was collection of treaties that were commonly linked to bring the Thirty Years War to an end.

Charles I executed

Oct 4, 1649

Put on trial for treason and then executed.

English Civil War Ends

Oct 4, 1651

The execution of Charles I helped the war come to an end.

Death of Cromwell

Oct 10, 1658

Cromwell died and was suceeded by Charles II, who restored parliament, which Cromwell had dismissed while he was in power. This action is a mark of the restoration.

English Restoration of Monarchy

Oct 10, 1660

Charles II restored the Monarchy.

Cavalier Parliament

Oct 10, 1661

Parliament introduced by Charles II. Restored the Anglican church as the official church of England.

Louis XIV Begins His Rule

Dec 9, 1661

Begins his Rule of France

London Plague

Sep 10, 1666

Terrible plague moves throughout London killing many.

France- Treaty of Aix La Chapelle

May 2, 1668

English and French War against Dutch

Oct 4, 1672

Fought to end Dutch competition with French trade. War ended with treaty of Nijmegen. This granted French control of the Franche- Comte.

Declaration of Indulgence

Oct 10, 1672

Suspended laws that Parliaemtn had passed against Catholics and Puritans.

Test Act

Oct 10, 1673

A series of English laws that served as a religious test for public officed

Christiaan Huygens Pulishes Horologium Oscillatorrium

Nov 11, 1673

A book on Mathematical concepts and theories.

Habeus Corpus

Oct 10, 1679

Law passed by Parliament that gave every prisoner ther right to obtain a writ or document ordering that the prisoner be brought before a judge.

Edict of Nantes

Aug 7, 1684

A group of legal documents issued by King Henry the IV of France in 1598. They established civil rights for the Huguenots, Calvinist Protestants within predominantly Roman Catholic France.

Declaration of Indulgence- England

Oct 10, 1687

A new Declartaion of Indulgence. It suspsended all alws barring Catholics and Dissenters from office.

Glorious Revolution- England

Oct 10, 1688

Overthrow king James II by a union of English Parliamentatirans. Known as the bloodless revolution.

Bill Of Rights- England

Oct 10, 1689

Confirmed Parliament's right to make laws and taxes. It made it impossible for kings to oppose or wdi without Parliament.

England Civil War

Nov 12, 1689

Puritans revolted against the King for arresting radical Parliament members

Peter The Great

Oct 10, 1697

Peter the Great began his journey to WEstern Europe to see what changes needed to be made in his kingdom in 1697.

Treaty of Ultrecht

Oct 10, 1713

Its terms said that Louis XIV's grandson could remain king of Spain as long as the thrones of France and Spain weren't united.