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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) founded
Civil Rights:
- The CORE was founded by a group of students.
- The CORE started in the south and moved into the North -
Jackie Robinson Hired to the Brooklyn Dodgers
Color Line: a "line" that created separation between whites and black
- Jackie Robinson started his baseball career in the Negro League.
- Robinson "crossed" the line when he was hired into the Brooklin Dodgers. -
Executive Order 9981
Segregation: Not allowing backs and whites to be in the same room or area as each other.
- Executive Order 9981 was issued by President Truman
- Executive Order 9981 end segregation in the military. -
Brown v Board of Education Ruling
Thurgood Marshall: Thurgood Marshall was the attorney for Linda Brown in the Brown v Board of Education case
-Linda Brown was forced to go to an all black school when a white school was closer to her home
- The case started in a district court and went all the way to the supreme court. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott (start)
Boycott: not taking part in something
Rosa Parks: Civil Rights activist that participated in the Montgomery bus boycott
- Blacks had to sit in the back of the bus if they were told to move, they had to move
- Rosa Parks didn't move when she was told to by a white person, and got arrested because she didn't move when told. -
Integration of Central High School
Little Rock Nine: First nine black students to go to school
- People thought that blacks shouldn't go to school
- The Little Rock Nine had to have bodyguards to make sure taht they didn't get killed or injured. -
First Lunch Sit-In
Jim Crow Laws: Laws that made racial segregation ok in the South.
Sit-In: sitting in a public facility as a means of peaceful protesting.
- African American Colage kids went to sit into Woolsworth everyday
-These Students were often attacked by store owners or customers -
Freedom Riders
Civil Disobedience: A refusal to obey laws that protesters didn't feel like were fair way that was in a nonviolent way.
- On May 1, 1961, 7 blacks and six whites went to the south to help stop discrimination
-White mobs attacked the Freedom Riders because they didn't agree with what they beleived in -
Birmingham Campaign: Letter from a Birmingham Jail
SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference; Created by MLK and several other civil rights leaders to help use nonviolence to get their point across.
- After MLK and others were put in jail, reporters were critizing their protesting.
-MLK explained while in the jail, wrote that blacks were using civil disobedience while criticized for his tactics. -
March on Washington
NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
- A protest in which 25,000 people protested for freedom and jobs
- People were shot at and a lot were killed -
Cicvl Rights Act of 1964
Plessy v. Ferguson: Law upholding the "Secret but equal" law.
- Lynden B Johnson upheld the act
- President Kenedy came up with the act -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Disenfranchise: Not allowing someone the right to vote
- The Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed tests that blacks had to take in order to vote.
- The government made sure that people who were eligible to vote had the chance to vote. -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
Nation of Islam: Religious group, also know as the Black Muslims
Malcolm X: African American political leader
- Malcolm X didn't know his real last name, that's why he chose X
- Malcolm rejected the "nonvilonce" stragerty -
Watts Riot
Kerner Commission: Kerner Commission was named after Govener Otto Kerner.
ghettos: Run down houses in a run-down part of town
- The Watts Riot lasted 6 days
- Over that time 4,000 people arrested, almost 900 injured, and about 34 died. -
Black Panther Party Founded
Black Power: Short for Black Panther Party
- Party made in 1966 that demanded political rights
- Party that also was ready to take violent action -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
discrimination: - Law that banned discrimination -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education
desegregation: ending segragation in ALL PLACES!
- The Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education case went all the way up to the supreme court
- This case prompted black kids to go to white schools -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Affirmative action: a policy for people who suffered from discrimination
- Regents of the University of California v. Bakke reached the Supreme Court
- Regents of the University of California v. Bakke case ruled that race shouldn't be a key into admission into a school
