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1543
Copernicus
Copernicus argued that Earth turned daily on its axis and that gradual shifts of this axis accounted for the changing seasons -
Francis Bacon
Sir Francis Bacon was not only a scientist, but also a philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, and also served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. -
Galileo Galilei
He discovered the laws of free fall, projectile motion, and the concept of inertia -
Rene Descartes
Descartes' works have been variously received and valued. Among the learned of his day he was considered to be a top mathematician, the developer of a new and comprehensive physics or theory of nature (including living things), and the proposer of a new metaphysics. -
Isaac Newton
He formulated laws of motion and gravitation. These laws are math formulas that explain how objects move when a force acts on them. Isaac published his most famous book, Principia, in 1687 while he was a mathematics professor at Trinity College, Cambridge. -
John Locke
John Locke developed a social construct and overall a key advocate of the empirical approaches of the Scientific Revolution. -
Montesquieu
Montesquieu is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world. -
Denis Diderot
Denis Diderot kept writing in radical philosophical ways
he also wrote the first encyclopedia -
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau's contributions to political philosophy are scattered among various works, most notable of which are the Discourse on Inequality, the Discourse on Political Economy, The Social Contract, and Considerations on the Government of Poland. -
Voltaire
Debating the value of God at a time of crisis: Leibniz vs ...
Voltaire was a deist who believed God created the world but did not intervene in it. And Voltaire wrote Candide to ridicule the idea that God is somehow a source of consolation and hope in the face of terrible suffering. -
James Watt
Watt's steam engine design incorporated two of his own inventions: the separate condenser (1765) and the parallel motion (1784) -
Adam Smith
Adam Smith is known primarily for a single work—An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), the first comprehensive system of political economy—which included Smith's description of a system of market-determined wages and free rather than government -
George Washington
General Washington in the American Revolution · George ...
George Washington was appointed commander of the Continental Army in 1775 -
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson presented and research paper on paleontology... it was a philosophical study! -
Mozart
he composed twenty-four operas including such famous works as "The Magic Flute", "Don Giovanni", and "The Marriage of Figaro", 17 masses, and over 50 symphonies. -
Maximillien Robespierre
Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794) was a leader of the French Revolution best known for spearheading the Reign of Terror. He was an important member of the Jacobin political party. -
Miguel Hidalgo
Hidalgo was recognized as the first insurgent and a founding father of Mexico -
Simon Bolivar
He was one of the most prominent political figures in the emancipation of South America from the Spanish empire for his leading role in the independence of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru