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7 Factors of America's Industrial Growth
Natural Resources, Capital, Labor, Technology, Consumers, Transportation, and Government Cooperation. -
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Motivation to Settle the West
American settlers in large numbers poured into the west. In 1788, American pioneers to the Northwest Territory established Marietta, Ohio as the first permanent American settlement in the Northwest Territory. -
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Manifest Destiny
The 19th-century belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. -
Andrew Carnegie
A Scottish-American industrialist, business magnate, and philanthropist. Carnegie led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century and is often identified as one of the richest people -
John D. Rockefeller
An American oil industry business magnate, industrialist, and philanthropist. He is widely considered the wealthiest American of all time, and the richest person in modern history. -
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Transcontinental Railroad
The presidents of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads meet in Promontory, Utah, and drive a ceremonial last spike into a rail line that connects their railroads. -
Urbanization
Between 1860 - 1915 rural population doubled, but urban pop grew 700%. By 1915, more than 1 in 3 people living in cities came from farms: why? Young, single women saw little futures on farms, many immigrants were black southern sharecroppers seeking a better life in northern industrial cities, and farms were becoming larger & more mechanized, which meant less human power was needed. -
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Civil War
Issue was slavery. Started in 1861, ended in 1865 -
3 Reconstruction Plans
Lincoln - 10% plan.
Johnson
Radical Republicans - Congress -
Pocket Veto
A veto taking place when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president, who simply lets it die by neither signing nor vetoing it -
Wade - Davis Bill
1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office to anyone who had volunteered to fight for the Confederacy -
3 Reconstruction Amendments
13th - Abolished slavery
14th - Citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws
15th - Granted African American men the right to vote -
Black Codes
Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves -
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Reconstruction
Rebuilding after the Civil War. Rebuilding the trust, economy, infrastructure. -
Gilded Age
The Gilded Age in United States history is the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900 -
Compromise of 1877
An informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. -
Old Immigrants
Almost all old immigrants came from northern and western Europe. Examples are Great Britain, Germany, and Scandinavia. -
Exploited Workers
Coal mines (boys) and textile factories (girls & women). Women and children made up more than 50% of industrial workforce in 1880's. Workers no longer felt valued by their employers, but became interchangeable parts in the machine of industry. -
New Immigrants
More than 1/3 cames from southern or eastern Europe, ex: Italy, Greece, and Slavic. Their different languages, religions, and customs set them apart from most "old immigrants". Contributed from a surplus of labor by mid-1880's, became targets of discrimination, fueled by renewed attitude of nativism among some "old immigrants." -
Civil Service Act
The Civil Service Reform Act is a United States federal law, enacted in 1883, which established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation. -
Interstate Commerce Act
A United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. -
Monopoly
A monopoly is characterized by a lack of competition, which can mean higher prices and inferior products. -
Closing of the Frontier
By 1890, the frontier was officially considered closed, free land was no longer available to settlers moving west, two waves of immigrants would come to settle America. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
A United States antitrust law passed by Congress under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison, which regulates competition among enterprises. -
Plessy vs Ferguson
An 1896 court case that ruled in favor of segregation. "Separate but equal"
