-
Mahatma Gandhi
Preeminent leader of the Indian independence movement in British-ruled India. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
Plessy, attempted to sit, in an all white railroad car. He then refused to sit in an all black railroad car, Plessy was then arrested for breaking a 1890 Louisiana Statue that provided for segregated " separate but equal" railroad accommodations At trial with Justice John H Ferguson presiding, Plessy was found guilty on the grounds that the law was a reasonable exercise of the states police powers, based upon custom, usage,and tradition in the state. -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
-
Rosa Parks
African American civil rights activist, whom the United States congress called, " the first lady of civil rights" and the " mother of the freedom movement". -
Malcolm X
American Muslim Minister and human rights activist -
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr
American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African American Civil Rights Movement -
Race Riots
Many blacks in Detroit forced into 60 miles, while business burned -
Emmett Till
African American Teenager who was lynched in Mississippi at the age of 14 after reportedly flirting with a white woman -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
U.S Supreme Court case declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconditional. -
De jure vs De Facto segergation
De Facto segregation existed because of the voluntary associations and neighborhoods. De Jure segregation existed because of local laws that mandated the segregation. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
African Americans refused to ride the buses in Montgomery, Alabama to protest segregated seating. This took place from December 5 1955, to December 20 1956. On December 1rst 4 days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an African American woman refused to give her seat to a white man on a Montgomery Bus. Rosa Parks was arrested and fined. The U.S Supreme court ordered Montgomery to integrate its bus system. -
Little Rock Integration
9 African American Students were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. They were prevented from entering the racially segregated school. They then atteneded after President Eisenhower's intervention -
The Sit-ins
4 African American Students walked up to a whites only lunch counter at Woolworth's store in Greensboro North Carolina, and asked asked for coffee.They were refused and waited patiently, until they were served. -
Freedom Rides
Civil Rights Activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961.African American riders tried to use the whites- only restrooms and lunch counters and vise versa. The group encountered tremendous violence from white protesters along the route, but also gained international attention to their cause. -
March on Birmingham, Alabama
it was a movement organized in 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama. It was led by Martin Luther King Jr, James Bevel,Fred Shuttlesworth, and others. -
March on Washington
It was one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States History, and demanded civil and economic rights for African Americans. Thousands of Americans headed to Washington DC on Tuesday August 27th 1963. On Wednesday August 28th 1963 Martin Luther King Jr gave his " I have a dream" speech. -
24th Amendment
Prohibited any poll tax in elections for federal officals. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
It outlawed discrimination based on race, color,religion, gender, or national origin. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public. -
March from Selma to Montgomery
Protestors attempted to March from Selma to Montgomery. They were faced with violent resistance by state and local authorities.They finally achieved their goal walking, around the clock, for 3 days to reach Montgomery. This helped raise awareness of the dificulty faced by black voters in the South, and the need for a voting rights act, passed later that year. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
It aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their vote under the 15th amendment to the constitution of the United States. -
Black Panther Party
-
Thurgood Marshall
He was an associate justice of the supreme court of the United States, serving from October 1967, until October 1991. He was the courts 96th justice, and the first African American Justice
