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French and Indian War
- began by the governor sending G.W. to protect the Virginia colonists
- encountered French 40 miles south of Ft.Dusquene *Washington surprised the French and defeated them
- july 4th 1754, french defeated washington at Ft.Necessity *Gen. Braddock was sent to American and captured Ft.Dusquene
- Ft. Dusquene battle was a terrible loss for the British
- 1759- Wolfe makes dangerous move and scales the cliffs over looking Quebec and met French on the Plains of Abraham *Wolfe dies in battle
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Proclamation of 1763
<ahref='http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/related/proc63.htm' >1763</a>* On October 7th, 1763, King George III issued a royal order
* It was an effort to soothe the Native Americans that were dwelling in the American colonies after the French and Indian War
* The order organized Britain's American supplies into four governments
* Western Native Americans had land titles ripped out from under them
* The Native American's fur trade that drew in much profits was put under royal lisence
* the proclamation was disliked by many and tensions grew -
Sugar Act
- The Act lowered the duty on imported molasses, but increased the duty on refined sugar
- banned the importation of foreign rum
- sought to replace the largely unenforced Molasses Act of 1733. *A court was set up in Halifax, Nova Scotia, to try the cases of those who violated the law *any ship found carrying illegal molasses, rum, or sugar became subject to immediate seizure by the British navy. *colonists still smuggled mollasess from the West Indies *wanted to end the illegal trade
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Stamp Act Congress
- congregated in NYC
- 9 colonies were present to discuss matters
- stated grievances
- little splash in America
- largely ignored in England
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Stamp Act
<ahref='http://americanrevwar.homestead.com/files/stamp.htm' >Stamp Act </a>
*passed on November 1, 1765
* purpose was to raise profit to pay the costs of governing and protecting the American colonies
* George Grenville supported it
* the act made sure stamps were put on all legal and commercial documents and various articles
* colonists were infuriated by the tax and refused to guy anything with the stamp on it
* riots broke out, tension mounted as the colonists grew angrier and angrier -
Declaratory Act
First edition of Declaratory Act * British government believed they still owned the right to legislate the colonies after the Stamp Act was repealed
* they passed the Declaratory Act, it stated that Parliament would repeal the law now, but that it reserved the right to pass taxes and other legislation for the colonies in the future. *Parliament agreed to it
* King George III agreed to it on March 18, 1766
* although it contradicted the colonists beliefs, many were not worried for they believed it seemed inconsequential -
Townshend Acts
*light tax
* imported glass, lead, paper, paint and tea
* money to pay royal salaries in America
* colonists smuggled -
British troops occupy Boston
British troops occupying
* British troops arrive in Boston to help enforce the Townshend Act as well as keeping control of the local radicals
* Locals didn't enjoy having the troops around and it led to street fights
* One of these clashes led to the infamous Boston Massacre -
Townshend Acts repealed, except for the tea tax
- The first three townshend acts were repealed on March 5, 1770 with the exception of the tax on tea.
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Boston Massacre
*no "redcoats"
* 60 colonists taunted the British with snowballs, rocks, club
* provoked open fire
*11 'innocent' victims
~6 died, 5 wounded possibly -
Boston Tea Party
*occured in reaction to the Parliament's Tea Act
* the East India Company, was on the verge of bankruptcy.
* British government granted it a monopoly on all tea exported to the colonies.
* the colonists disguised themselves as Indians and raided all the ships of tea
* 342 chests of tea had been thrown over board
*parliament was furious and wouldn't let it go unnoticed -
"Intolerable Acts"
<ahref='http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/wwww/us/intolerableactsdef.htm' >Explains Acts </a>
* Passed after the Boston Tea Party shut down the port of Boston
* these laws put into effect untill repayment for the tea destroyed was given
* untill the charter of Massachusetts was revoked,
*untill the quartering of British troops in the colony was allowed
* also provided for trials of British troops outside the colony. -
Quartering Act
- stated that anyone had to to provideo food and shelter for British troops when needed *many colonists were infuriated, didn't like the idea of having people barge in
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Quebec Act
*60,000 French
* religious freedom
* traditional customs ( no trial by jury or represenative assembly)
*bounday extended down to Ohio River
* angered Americans very much
* believe there rights could be taken away as well
*disliked Catholics
* land speculators in region already -
First Continental Congress
*met in Philadelphia
* composed and sent resolutions to the king of Britain
*12 out of the 13 colonies arrive
* Georgia didn't go
* 55 delegates all together
* including sam and john adams, ben franklin, and george washington
* met for 7 weeks
*not calling for independence
* most wanted to reconcile
* John Adams was brillant, swayed many towards revolutionary cause -
Battle of Lexington
*signaled the beginning of the revolutionary war
* General Thomas Gage, decided to send a force out of Boston to capture patriot leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock reported to be staying in the village of Lexington
*Confirmation of the British advance was delivered to Lexington by Paul Revere
*Minutemen weren't prepared and didn't get there in time to help -
Battle of Concord pt.2
Battle of Concord Video
*Major John Buttrick told minutemen to fire, sent British troops back to Boston frazzled
*Only three British soldiers died
*Minutemen had wounded many more red coats when they made their trip back to Boston -
Battle of Concord
Battle of Concord
* redcoats shoved on to Concord, when they were soon forced to retreat by the hard and well-ready Americans.
*Thomas Gage and his loyal troops looked all around Concord in search for amunnition.
*approx. 100 soldiers remained at the Old North Bridge.
*Nearby, 400 minutemen came together from neighboring towns
*Both sides really didn't want to fight, but tension grew and a shot was fired -
Second Continental Congress
Second cont. Congress info
* met in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775
*all 13 colonies were being represented this time
*there were more appeals of grievances
* Congress drafted new appeals to the British people and king but were sadly rejected
* Congress would not give up, they wanted to still fight for what they believed in
* Congress tried to raise money for military
* made a wise desecion and chose George Washington as leader of army -
Battle of Bunker Hill
- fought on June 17, 1775
- cost the British army 1,504 men killed or wounded,
- colonial losses were around 500 because they had the advantage of the hill
*colonists showed the British that they wouldn't back down so easily
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Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense'
*one of the most influential documents in American history
* Best-Seller, very influential
* sold 120,000 copies
* forty-seven page pamphlet that argued forcefully for American independence from British rule
