-
Period: to
Thomas Hobbes
He believed that religion should
be separate from politics. He supported a strong government based on reason. Hobbes also tried
to separate knowledge from faith, which eventually got him into trouble with the British
Parliament. -
Period: to
John Lock e
He disagreed with Thomas Hobbes about human nature. Hobbes felt all people were selfish.
Locke believed that all people were born good and were given natural rights by God. These were
rights to life, liberty, and owning property. -
Period: to
Baron De Montesquieu
Montesquieu admired the
system in England that limited the power of the king. He said the government should be broken
into different sections and that each should have some power to control the others -
English Bill of Rights
-
Period: to
Voltaire
He fought against intolerance,
tyranny, and superstition. He believed in freedom of thought and respect for all individuals. Most
importantly, he believed that religion was too powerful and defended individuals who suffered
because of their beliefs. -
Period: to
Benjamin Franklin
He did not believe the people in charge should be
paid for their services. He also felt that slavery was morally wrong and should be abolished. He
was a very tolerant man. -
Period: to
Jean- Jacques Rousseau
He believed that individuals should have certain rights. Rousseau’s ideas of individual freedom spread throughout Europe and the United States. He was
against the absolute power or control of the Church and government, and he believed that the
government should do what the majority of the people wanted. -
Period: to
Adam Smith
Smith also gave lectures and discussed topics such as ethics, human motives, and society. He
believed that someone working to earn money benefited himself but also benefited society as a
whole. He claimed that charity was a virtuous act but that society should not depend upon
charity. -
Period: to
Cesare Beccaria
Beccaria believed that people who were accused of a crime should have rights. He did not like
the death penalty and believed torture was wrong. He believed that education would reduce the
crime rate. -
Period: to
Thomas Jefferson
He did not want a government that had too much power. He also believed that individual
freedom and rights should be protected by government. He felt that all people should be involved
in making decisions for the country. e believed that everyone should be allowed to get an
education regardless of social status -
Period: to
Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla
After France invaded Spain and Napoleon replaced the Spanish king with his brother, Hidalgo
formed ideas about freeing Mexico from the harsh rule of foreigners. -
Period: to
Mary Wollstonecraft
Mary was not the first woman to recognize the inequalities between men and women during her
lifetime, but she became the most popular. While she focused on fighting for the rights of women
and against the inequalities in education, she also worked for the equal treatment of all human
beings. -
Seven Years’ War Peace Treaty between Great Britain and France
-
Stamp Act passed by British Parliament
-
Repeal of Stamp Act
-
Townsend Act, new revenue taxes on North American colonists
-
Riots in Boston met with violence by British troops
-
Boston Tea Party
-
First Continental Congress
-
Declaration of Independence
-
American and French representatives sign two treaties in Paris: a Treaty of Amity and Commerce and a Treaty of Alliance.
-
Period: to
Siomon Bolivar
Bolívar believed in a strong central government. He admired the parliamentary system of Britain
and thought that political power should be divided among different branches of government. He
was afraid that if power was not divided one branch of government would become too strong. -
Ratification of Constitution of the United States of America
-
Estates General convened for the first time in 174 years in France 1789 Storming of the Bastille, prison (and armory) in Paris
-
National Constituent Assembly and French Declaration of the Rights of Man
-
Beheading of King Louis XVI
-
Slave rebellion in Saint Domingue
-
U.S. Bill of Rights ratified by states
-
French National Assembly gives citizenship to all free people of color in the colony of Saint Domingue.
-
France declares war on Austria
-
France declares war on Great Britain
-
All slaves on Saint Domingue emancipated by the French revolutionary authorities to join the French army and fight against the British
-
Toussaint leads troops against the British
-
French colonial forces defeated by Toussaint
-
French colonial forces defeated by Toussaint
-
Toussaint negotiates peace with the British
-
Toussaint negotiates peace with the British
-
War ends between Great Britain and France
-
Constitution for Haiti
-
General Leclerc sent by Napoleon to subdue colony and re-institute slavery
-
New declaration of war between Great Britain and France
-
French withdraw troops; Haitians declare independence
-
Jean-Jacques Dessalines crowns himself emperor of Haiti
-
Napoleon crowns himself emperor of France
-
British end the slave trade
-
Declarations of self-government in most Latin American colonies
-
French expelled from Spain.
-
Napoleon defeated and French empire reduced in Europe to France alone
-
French abolish slave trade
-
U.S. President Monroe declares doctrine against European interference with the new republics in the Americas, known as the Monroe Doctrine.
