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Feb 19, 1473
Copernicus born
Nicolaus Copernicus was a mathematician and astronomer who proposed that the sun was stationary in the center of the universe and the earth revolved around it. In 1530, he completed a work called De Revolutionibus that proved his theroy that the sun revolved on it's axis daily and around the sun yearly -
Jan 1, 1517
Luther starts the Reformation
Luther was a German priest and professer of theology. Luther argued that the freedom from God's punishment of sin could be bought with money, this was called indulgence. In 1517 he confronted the indulgence salesmen with his "Ninety- Five Theses." -
Jan 1, 1543
Publication of "On the Revoultions of the Heavenly Spheres"
This book was written by Nicolaus Copernicus and the work is also known as "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium."It was published the same year that Copernicus died. The book was published in Nuremburg. This book is often known as the starting point of astronomy and is defined as beginning the Scientific Revolution. -
Jan 1, 1545
Council of Trent
The council of Trent became a very important part in determining the outcome of the Counter-Reformation. It was considered to be one of the church's most important councils.
The Council of Trent was the council of the 16th century for the Roman Catholic Church. The Council of Trent served to revitalize Roman Catholicism in many parts of Europe, defined the nature and consequences of original sin; it also ruled against Martin Luther's doctrine of justification by faith. -
Feb 15, 1564
Galileo Galilei born
Galileo was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher. His achivemnets are, improvement of the telescope, and observations that support Copernicus' theory that the Sun is the center of the universe.
When Galileo started supporting this theroy called heliocentric
he met bitter oppostion from other philosophers. -
May 16, 1571
Johannes Kepler born
Johannes Kepler was the founder of "celestial mechanics", having been the first to explain planetary motion. Kepler also explained how the tides were influenced by the Moon, determined the exact year of Christ's birth, derived Logarithms based on mathematics, with no reference to John Napier's work, and is responsible for finding the three laws of planetary motion. -
Galileo's discoveries with the telescope
The starry messenger. Did not invent the telescope but was the first to use it sysytematically to observe objects in the sky and record what he found. In the book he reported his observations of the Moon, Jupiter, and the Milky way. This book made Galileo famous. -
Galileo publishes "Dialogues Concerning the Two Principal Systems of the World,"
When this book was published it was immediately banned. This book compared the Copernican system with the tradtional Ptolemaic system. In the Copernican system the Earth and other planets orbit the Sun, while in the Ptolemaic system everything in the Universe circles around the Earth. Going against the Ptolemaic system was counted as heresy and was put in the Index of Forbidden books until 1835 -
Trial of Galileo
The verdit was that Galileo was forced to renounce his beliefs in the Copernican theory and the motion of the earth. The orginal verdict was life in prison but was amended the following day to house arrest, a sentence that remained in force until his death -
Galileo publishes Two New Sciences
Galileo final book and a sort of scientific testament covering much of his work in physics. Two new Sciences was as not published with a license from the Inquisition; after the heresy trial based on the earlier book, the Roman Inquisition had banned publication of any work by Galileo, including any books he might write in the future.
