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Spanish Flu
Who: Mostly healthy young adults as victims
What: An influenza pandemic
Where: All over the world
Why: 50 – 100 million died = one of the deadliest natural disasters in human history
How: The flu was theorized to have originally came from the Far East, mutated & spread to Europe—Allied soldiers & battlefields to all over; soldiers carried the virus with them from overseas
Areas: medical, economic -
Period: to
1920s & 1930s
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League of Indians
Who: Frederick Loft (Mohawk veteran from WWI) organized the League of Indians
What: First attempt at a united voice for Aboriginal nations
Where: Across CND
Why: Believed that Aboriginal people should have the right to vote without giving up their statues
How: Protested, refused enfranchisement, took to the Privy Council of London – but were blocked by the officials at the Canadian High Commission
Areas: political, social, cultural, religion -
Prohibition
Who: Federal government & citizens of CND
What: Introduced Prohibition – banning of production, import, & transportation of liquor across CND
Where: Across CND
Why: Money made should be brought home instead of for buying liquor, grains should be used to feed soldiers & civilians, rather than making alcohol, production of liquor does not support war effort
How: Enforced through fines
Areas: social, economic -
Group of Seven
Who: CDN artists who were determined to create art that dealt with the CDN experience
What: took inspiration from the CDN landscape (spectacular open spaces, rivers, lakes & forests) & painted them
Where: Across CND (mostly in Ontario + Quebec, Nova Scotia, & Rocky Mountains)
Why: Did not want to follow the old rules of art from Europe
How: Caused other artists to want to experiment with new techniques and ways of expressing themselves
Areas: social, cultural, arts -
Insulin
Who: Frederick Banting & Charles best (graduate student) – UofT Canadian medical researchers
What: Discovered ground-breaking treatment for diabetic patients: insulin
Where: Research laboratory at the UofT
Why: Thousands were suffering from the illness every year
How: cured many suffering patients & gave patients a better chance at living
Areas: medical -
Prime Minister: William Lyon Mackenzie King
Who: Prime Minister of CND (1921 – 1926, 1926 – 1930, 1935 – 1948); Liberal Party
What: Help preserve the unity of the English & French-Canadians
Where: Berlin, Ontario, CND
When: 1974 – 1950
Why: destined to be the most successful political leader
How: listens to the wants of various regions of CND & puts off decision-making until a compromise has been worked out among the diverse interests
Areas: Political, key figure (longest serving prime minister & one of the best) -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Who: All Chinese & Federal government
What: An act that banned all Chinese except students, merchants, & diplomats from entering CND
Where: CND
Why: Feelings of resentment against people from former enemy countries & pacifists, discrimination against Asians; hostile public opinion pushed the government
How: Humiliated the Chinese CDNs &created more prejudice and discrimination
Areas: political, social, cultural, religion -
Person’s Case
Who: Famous Five (N. McClung, L. McKinney, H. Edwards, I. Parlby & Judge E. Murphy) prominent women who’ve fought for the recognition of women as persons under the British North America Act
What: underlined the inequality women faced
Where: CND
Why: Wanted women to be recognized as “persons” by law
How: Appealed their case to the Privy Council in Britain; the Council declared (after 3 months of consideration) that the word “persons” referred to men & women
Areas:Political, Social, Economic -
Black Tuesday
Who: Stock holders (ordinary citizens) & stock market businesses, country of CND
What: the day the stock market crashed
Where: Stock market across CND
When: October 1929
Why: citizens lost faith in the values of stocks and sold them; stocks’ worth are dependent on the numbers bought thus caused them to decline steeply
How: selling of stocks led to investors who couldn’t pay back the interest and banks go out of business
Area: economic, social, political -
Five Cent Speech
Who: William Lyon Mackenzie King & voters of CND
What: Prime Minister King gave a speech on not giving money, “five-cent piece” to any province without a Liberal government
Where: CND
Why: Prime Minister King believed that social welfare (e.g. providing relief) was that of the provinces’ responsibilities
How: cost him the election of July, 1930 when Prime Minister Richard Bedford Bennett & the Conservatives took over
Areas: Political, social, economic -
Prime Minister: R.B. Bennett
Who: Prime Minister of CND (1930 – 1935)
What: Replaced King as prime minister during the Depression; accused King of ignoring the unemployed & problems that caused the stock market crash
Where: CND
Why: Wanted to come to the aid of the plight of the unemployed and problems of the stock market crash
How: gave $20 million in emergency funds for relief payments to all provinces, raised tariffs on imports to protect CDN businesses from foreign competition
Areas: Political, social, economic -
Statute of Westminster
Who: British & CDN government & Prime Minister King
What: Statute of Westminster was passed and made the recommendations of the Balfour Report law (CND remain part of Commonwealth of Nations, no longer talk through Governor general to Britain)
Where: Ottawa, CND
Why: King wanted CND to make their own decisions without British interferences—wanted to be declared as a self-governing and independent nation
How: CND did not claim full independence; still enough to govern herself
Areas: Political -
On to Ottawa Trek
Who: Thousands of fed-up men with life in the British Columbia relief camps
What: boarded freight trains bound for Ottawa to protest to the government, stopped by RCMP; government claimed they were disobeying the law & were planning to overthrow the government
Where: British Columbia & Regina
Why: fed up with the life in the British Columbia relief camps (worked 8 hours & minimum wage)
How: Riot broke out; complaints fell on unsympathetic ears of the government
Areas: Political, social -
CBC: Canadian Broadcasting Company
Who: Government—Prime Minister Bennett
What: a commissioned radio broadcasting company that owns and operates all radio stations in CND
Where: CND
When: 1936
Why: Prime Minister Bennett felt something had to be done to put up CDN radio shows instead of airwaves being filled with American radio shows
How: built more stations across the country to improve quality & CDN air broadcasts; became a powerful force in establishing a sense of national unity in CND
Areas: Economic, social, arts -
SS. St. Louis
Who: Jewish refugees, CND, US, British government
What: luxury cruise that attempted to save the Jewish refugees from the fate of the Nazi’s; the CDN government refused the immigration of these Jews; Jews found asylum elsewhere
Where: Hamburg, Germany &CND, USA, Cuba
Why: the beginning of the holocaust made this ship set sail for an asylum & CND’s draconian refugee policies
How: tainted CND’s reputation of being multicultural & friendly towards refugees
Areas: political, social
