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Oct 14, 1066
The battle of Hastings
The battle of Hastings was on the 14th of October, 1066 AD. The cause of the battle was that the king before had promised William of Normandy the throne, but just before he died he said that Harold Hodwineson could have the throne. They battled all day long, In the end William of Normandy won the battle and was given the throne. The big effect that William had on England was that he had changed the language over time from German to French. But of course today In England they speak English. -
Aug 15, 1096
First Crusade
The ‘First Crusade’ started on the 15th of August, 1096 it finished in 1099. It was caused by European Christians that travelled to the Holy land (Jerusalem) which was in hands of Muslims at the time. It was all well tolerated and everything was fine until a Muslim leader said there was too many people coming, they got expelled from Jerusalem. The Christians decided to invade Jerusalem so that they could rule the land, they took over the ‘Holy Land’ after battles from 1096 - 1099. -
Jan 1, 1147
Second Crusade
The ‘second crusade’ started in 1145 and finished in 1149. It was the second major crusade that was launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144, Edessa was conquered by the forces of Zengi. The second crusade was between the Christians (who were defending Jerusalem) and the Muslims. The objective for the Muslims was to retake control of Jerusalem, the Muslims managed to defeat the Christians and retook control of Jerusalem. -
Jun 1, 1167
Genghis Khan
In 1167, Genghis Khan was born. Genghis Ghan lived a very hard early life as his father was murdered when he was nine years old. As he was too young to rule, himself and his family were deserted and forced to move to remote areas, there they survived off roots, rats and mice. Genghis Khan’s wife was captured when he was 16, he then fought back and retrieved his wife. The story of Genghis Khan retrieving his wife spread and shortly after he found himself the leader of a Mongolian army in 1206. -
Jan 1, 1189
Third Crusade
The ‘Third Crusade’ started in 1189 and finished in 1192. It was caused because the Muslims retook control of the Holy Land (Jerusalem) in 1189, King Richard the Lionheart’s British forces and the French forces teamed up and battled the Muslims for Jerusalem. The battle went for 3 years, it was successful but fell just short of reconquering Jerusalem. There was a treaty made between the Muslims and Richard the Lionheart for anyone to be allowed to visit Jerusalem. -
Jun 1, 1206
The rise of the Mongols
In 1209, the Mongolian army led by Genghis Khan grew larger and larger after being established in 1206, they made their first siege on China, Beijing in 1209 and they conquered Beijing in 1214. The Mongols conquering Beijing boosted their confidence and they continued to conquer many cities in China. The Mongols also set up numerous trading posts around China. -
Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta
The Magna Carta was in 1215, it is one of the most important historical events of the medieval era. It is a signing of a document that King John of England was forced into signing. The purpose of the Magna Carta was to limit King John’s power as king, it was a collection of 37 English laws. It demonstrated that the power of the king could be limited by a written allowance. It was the beginning of the first legal government in England, it started governments in England. -
Jun 1, 1346
Origins of the Black Death
In 1346 The Black Death originated in Central Asia, in 1346. The plague started when a soldier in the Mongolian army was exposed to either fleas or rats carrying a disease called Yersinia Pestis. Once the soldier had been infected by the disease, people caught the disease from him, not knowing that he had a highly contagious disease. The disease quickly spread to cities and suburbs. Millions of people caught the disease and few survivors remained. This was the start of the Black Death. -
Jun 1, 1347
The flagellants
In 1347 there was a strange group of people called the flagellants, the flagellants whipped themselves to gain god’s forgiveness for their sins they had committed in their life. The reasoning behind the flagellants whipping themselves was they believed God brought the disease of them to punish them for their sins. -
Jun 1, 1348
Massacres of Jews
In 1348 people effected by the plague were looking for something to blame, they came up with a crazy idea that the Jews poisoned the air. The word had spread all over that the Jews had poisoned the air, although many people thought it was crazy. The hatred towards the Jews grew and it led to massacres of Jews. There is an estimated amount of Jews slaughtered which is around sixteen thousand Jews slaughtered. -
Jun 1, 1361
Reccurrance of the plague 1361 and 1369
In 1361 and 1369 the fatal plague recurred, the 1361 plague recurrence was the second pestilence. This recurrence was called the mortality of children because young people and children especially boys were greatly affected. In 1369 a third pestilence occurred and was also very fatal towards children. Although the recurrences death rates were lower than the Black Deaths they still were very fatal. -
Jun 1, 1381
The peasants revolt
In 1381 peasants across Europe were enraged at the government because of the introducing of poll tax. Some peasants refused to pay the poll tax, and a group of peasants led by Wat Tyler travelled and met with the king and agreed on a deal for promise of freedom. Weeks later the king broke the promises he made. Although the promises were broken the parliament gave up controlling the level of wages paid to peasants, the poll tax was never raised again and the feudal system was further broken down. -
Jun 1, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
In 1453, the Ottoman Turks led my Sultan Mehmed II invaded Constantinople. It was an unfair fight because the Turks had 100,000 to 150,000 troops against 10,000 Constantinople troops, the Turks also had various war tactics, cannons and warships. The city of Constantinople was completely taken over and its name was changed to Istanbul by Mehmed II. The effects that this battle had was that many Greek scholars fled to Italy to live out their lives. -
Jun 1, 1543
Arrival of the Portuguese in Japan
In 1543, the Portuguese arrived In Japan. They introduced the arquebus (a type of rifle) to the Japanese as well as Christianity. The effects of these things being introduced were immense especially the arquebus. Although Christianity was banned in 1639, it was very popular up until then. The arquebus was not much of a weapon to the Japanese until one Japanese soldier almost single handedly took out the takeda clan, the arquebus then became a very significant weapon. -
Tokugawa Bakufu New Law
In 1639 the Tokugawa Bakufu introduced a new law that effected the Japanese people immensely. The tokugawa bakufu introduced a law which limited all foreigners from entering Japan, except for the Dutch, this was because the Dutch were Japans main traders. The Japanese people were also not allowed to leave Japan, this made the Japanese people as well as other countries very angry towards the Tokugawa Bakufu. -
The great plague of London
After the plagues that had occurred in the 14th centuries another had occurred in London, England. This plague was known as the great plague of London and had occurred in 1664. The plague was caused by a bacteria in fleas, death rates were high because of the poor hygiene and cramped living styles. The people in London did not know the cause of the plague. After the plague of London was over an attempt to make living conditions better was made. -
The arrival of Americans in Japan
In 1853 American fleets arrived in Japan which increased the anger of the peasants and other social classes towards the Tokugawa Bakufu because they let the American fleets into Japan and didn’t send them back. The Tozama Daimyo who were also enraged planned to overthrow the Tokugawa Bakufu. -
The downfall of shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinubu
In 1867 three powerful tozama daimyo from Western Japan and unsatisfied court nobles from Edo demanded that the Shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinubu to resign from being shogun. Shortly after Tokugawa Yoshinubu gave into this pressure and resigned from being shogun, but failed to nominate a replacement to take his position as shogun. -
The end of the Tokugawa bakufu
In 1868, the three powerful Tozama Daimyo and their allies nominated Emperor Meiji the ruler of Japan. Emperor Meiji then put an end to the Tokugawa Bakufu. This was the end to the shogun rule in Japan and the Japanese medieval Europe period. Meiji also ended all hereditary classes like samurais who gain their social class through hereditary lines and dispossessed some social classes from their privileges. -
Women in Viking times, 790 - 1066
From 790 – 1066 while society were ruled by males, two females reached positions of great importance in the Viking society and were buried with great extravagance. Most women at the time of Vikings had domestic duties such as managing a house or farm. They cared for animals, made cheese, butter and bread to support their family. They also made clothes for themselves and other in the family usually from wool.
