-
Period: 400 to
Start of Psycology (5th and 6th century B.C.E.)
Greeks began the study of human behavior and came to the conclusion that people were not controlled by gods as much as by their own minds. -
Period: to
Descartes
He disagreed with dualism; he believed that the mind controlled the body. -
Period: to
Dualism
Dualism is the concept that the mind and body were separate -
Inheritalbe Traits
Sir Fancis Galton concludes that genius and behavior are hereditary. His theory was considered by scientist everywhere to be greatly flawed. However, his test and studies became the basis of modern personality and intelligence tests. His book Inquires int Human Faculty and its Development, is regarded as the first study of individual differences -
Functionalism
William James, often called the father of psychology in the U.S., taught the first class in psycology in Harvard, MA. He and other functionalists focused on the funtions of the conscious mind and the purposes of behaviors -
Wilhelm Wundt and Structuralism
Around Leipzig, Gemany. Wilhelm Wundt, the father of modern psychology, started the Laboratory of Psychology. His interest was placed mainly in the Structuralism, or the study of the basic elements of human experience. -
Gestalt Psycholgy
Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang K., and Kurt Koffka disagreed with structuralism and behaviorism. They argued that perception involves the recognition of whole patterns (Gestalt) than individual parts. -
Behavioral Psychology
Ivan Pavlov, conducted an experiment that showed that the mind can be conditioned to respond to a stimulus other than what first produced the response.
John B. Watson and other Behaviorists' believed that psychology should concern itself only with the ovservable facts of behavior.
The idea of Reinforcement, a response to a behavior that increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated, was first introduced by B.F. Skinner. -
Psychoanalytic Psychology
Sigmund Freud began to study the unconscious mind believing that it was responsible for most of the motivations and conflicts in human behavior. He created a new method known as free association, where the patient says anything that comes to mind. -
Period: to
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitivists- focus on how we proscess, store, and use information and how this information influences our thinking, language, problem solving, and creativity -
Period: to
Biological Psychology
Psychobiologists study how the brain, the nervous system, and hormones and genetics influence our behavior. Recently, Pet scans and CAT scans have helped the chemical study of Human brains -
Humanistic Psychology
Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Rollo May believed human nature was evolving and self-directed.
It describes the idea that the environment and other forces serve as a background for internal growth, instead of influencing it. It emphasizes the idea that every person is unique. -
Period: to
Sociocultural Psychology
The newest approach to psychology. It involves the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on behavior. -
Experiment form psychologist
Psychologist Leonard Doob illustrated the cultural implications of a sneeze.