-
Jan 1, 1300
Italian Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 13th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. -
Period: Jan 1, 1300 to
The Transformation of the West
-
May 25, 1450
Leonardo da Vinci
Was an Italian polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer. Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the Renaissance man, a man whose unquenchable curiosity was equaled only by his powers of invention.[ -
May 25, 1450
Northern Renaissance
The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance in northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy. Before 1450 Italian Renaissance humanism had little influence outside Italy. -
Jan 1, 1455
First European printing press in Mainz, Germany
The mechanical systems involved were first assembled in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw presses. -
May 26, 1469
Machiaveli
was an Italian philosopher/writer, and is considered one of the main founders of modern political science.[1] He was a diplomat, political philosopher, musician, and a playwright, but foremost, he was a civil servant of the Florentine Republic. -
May 26, 1475
Michaelangelo
was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer. Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his rival and fellow Italian Leonardo da Vinci. -
May 26, 1490
France and Spain invade Italian city-states; beginning of italian decline
france and spain invade italy and it causes problems in italy. -
May 26, 1500
"Commercial Revolution"
The Commercial Revolution was a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the sixteenth century until the early eighteenth century. It was succeeded in the mid-eighteenth century by the Industrial Revolution. -
May 26, 1515
Francis l of France
Francis I is considered to be France's first Renaissance monarch. His reign saw France make immense cultural advances. -
May 26, 1517
Luther's 95 theses; beginning of the protestant reformation
commonly known as The Ninety-Five Theses, were written by Martin Luther in 1517 and are widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. Luther protested against what he considered clerical abuses, especially in regard to indulgences. -
May 26, 1534
beginning of church in England
brought England alongside this broad Reformation movement; however, religious changes in the English national church proceeded more conservatively than elsewhere in Europe. -
May 26, 1541
Calvin in Geneva
was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism. -
May 26, 1543
"Copernican revolution"; Copernicus' work on astronomy
demonstrated that the motion of the heavens can be explained without the Earth being in the geometric center of the system. -
May 26, 1550
Religious wars in france, germany, and britain
In the first half of the 17th century, the German states, Scandinavia (Sweden, primarily) and Poland were beset by religious warfare. Roman Catholicism and Calvinism figured in the opposing sides of this conflict, though Catholic France did take the side of the Protestants but purely for political reasons. -
May 26, 1555
Elizabeth l, England
One of her first moves as queen was to support the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. -
May 26, 1564
Galileo
was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, and flautist who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy," the "father of modern physics," the "father of science,"and "the Father of Modern Science." -
Defeat of spanish armada by english
was the Spanish fleet that sailed against England under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1588, with the intention of overthrowing Elizabeth I of England. The mission was a total failure and a landmark in naval history for a poorly planned and badly handled operation. -
Scientific Revolution
was a period when new ideas in physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other sciences led to a rejection of doctrines that had prevailed starting in Ancient Greece and continuing through the Middle Ages, and laid the foundation of modern science. -
Independence of netherlands
was the partially successful revolt of the Seventeen Provinces in the Low Countries against the Spanish Empire. It led to the formation of the independent Dutch state of the Netherlands and marked the beginning of the Eighty Years' War. -
Thirty years war
hirty Years' War was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily (though not exclusively) in what is now Germany and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. Naval warfare also reached overseas and shaped the colonial formation of future nations. -
English civil war
(1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. -
Newton
1642 – 1727), the noted English scientist and mathematician, wrote many works that would now be classified as occult studies. -
Louis XIV in France; monarchy
Louis began personally governing France in 1661 after the death of his prime minister, the Italian Cardinal Mazarin.[3] An adherent of the theory of the divine right of kings, which advocates the divine origin and lack of temporal restraint of monarchical rule, Louis continued his predecessors' work of creating a centralized state governed from the capital -
culmination of popular rebellion
, the political situation in Ireland in 1649 was extremely fractured: there were also separate forces of Irish Catholics who were opposed to the royalist alliance, and Protestant royalist forces that were gradually moving towards Parliament. -
decline of witchcraft trials
There were early trials in the 15th and early 16th centuries, but then the witch scare went into decline, before becoming a big issue again and peaking in the 17th century. Some scholars argue that a fear of witchcraft started among intellectuals who believed in maleficium; that is, bad deeds. -
hapsburgs drive turks from hungary
The war would be dominated by land campaigns in Hungary. Initially, Ottoman conquests in Europe made significant gains with a decisive victory at Mohacs reducing the Kingdom of Hungary to the status of an Ottoman tributary.[3] -
glorius revolution in britian; parliamentary monarchy; some religious toleration; political writing of john locke
The expression "Glorious Revolution" was first used by John Hampden in late 1689,and is an expression that is still used by the British Parliament.The Glorious Revolution is also occasionally termed the Bloodless Revolution, albeit inaccurately. In England there were two significant clashes between the two armies, and anti-Catholic riots in several towns. -
enlightenment
s the era in Western philosophy and intellectual, scientific and cultural life, centered upon the eighteenth century, in which reason was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority. -
frederick the great of prussia; enlightened despotism
Upon ascending to the Prussian throne, he attacked Austria and claimed Silesia during the Silesian Wars, winning military acclaim for himself and Prussia. -
james kay invents flying shuttle loom
was one of the key developments in weaving that helped fuel the Industrial Revolution. It was patented by John Kay (1704 - 1764) in 1733. -
beginnings of methodism
is a movement of Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations, claiming a total of approximately seventy million adherents worldwide. -
seven years war; france, britian, prussia, and austria
was a major military conflict that lasted from 1756 until the conclusion of the treaties of Hubertusburg and Paris in 1763. It involved all of the major European powers of the period. -
adam smith's wealth of nations
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations expounds that the free market, while appearing chaotic and unrestrained, is actually guided to produce the right amount and variety of goods by a so-called "invisible hand". -
joseph ll, austria and hungary
He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the House of Lorraine
