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Period: 10,000 BCE to 360 BCE
Egyptian Civilization
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in the place which is now the country Egypt. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt -
Period: 3500 BCE to 1200 BCE
Mesopotamian Civilization
Mesopotamia was an ancient region in the eastern Mediterranean bounded in the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in the southeast by the Arabian Plateau, corresponding to today’s Iraq, mostly, but also parts of modern-day Iran, Syria and Turkey. http://www.ancient.eu/Mesopotamia/ -
2580 BCE
Pyramid of Cheops-Egyptian Civilization
Khufu, son of Snefru and second ruler of the 4th dynasty moved the royal necropolis to Giza, north of modern-day Cairo. According to ancient Greek historian Herodotus, Khufu (aka Cheops) enslaved his people to build his pyramid. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/pyramids/khufu.html -
Period: 2500 BCE to 1500 BCE
Indus Civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is Pakistan and northwest India today, on the fertile flood plain of the Indus River and its area. http://www.ancient.eu/Indus_Valley_Civilization/ -
1754 BCE
Hammurabi's Code-Babylon Civilization
Hammurabi's Code, a collection of 282 laws inscribed on an upright stone pillar. Hammurabi is the best known and most celebrated of all Mesopotamian kings. He ruled the Babylonian Empire from 1792-50 B.C.E. http://www.ushistory.org/civ/4c.asp -
Period: 1550 BCE to 300 BCE
Phoenician Civilization
Phoenicia was an ancient civilization composed of independent city-states which lay along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea stretching through what is now Syria, Lebannon and northern Israel. http://www.ancient.eu/phoenicia/ -
Period: 1400 BCE to 70 BCE
Hebrew Civilization
Hebrews were nomadic people. They lived in the ancient Middle East. Around 1400 BC they settled in Canaan, the country on the eastern coast of Mediterranean sea, the territory of modern Israel, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. http://www.israel-a-history-of.com/ancient-hebrew.html -
Period: 1200 BCE to 400 BCE
Meso-American Civilization
The Americas can be divided into four major regions North America, Central America, the Caribbean , and South America. Central America denotes the part of mainland North America south of Mexico, while "the Caribbean" denotes the islands of the Caribbean Sea. The term Mesoamerica covers a similar-sized territory as Central America. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mesoamerican-civilization -
Period: 800 BCE to 400 BCE
Hellenic Civilization
The Hellenic World of ancient Greece consisted of the Greek mainland, Crete, the islands of the Greek archipelago, and the coast of Asia Minor primarily (though mention is made of cities within the interior of Asia Minor and, of course, the colonies in southern Italy).
http://www.ancient.eu/Hellenic_World/ -
Period: 550 BCE to 300 BCE
Persian Civilization
East of the Zagros Mountains, a high plateau stretches off towards India. While Egypt was rising up against the Hyksos, a wave of pastoral tribes from north of the Caspian Sea was drifting down into this area and across into India. By the time the Assyrians had built their new empire, a second wave had covered the whole stretch between the Zagros and the Hindu Kush. http://www.ancient.eu/Achaemenid_Empire/ -
532 BCE
Hagia Sophia Built-Byzantine Civilization
The Hagia Sophia is a domed monument built as a cathedral and is now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. The Hagia Sophia, whose name means “holy wisdom,” is a domed monument originally built as a cathedral in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) in the sixth century A.D. http://www.livescience.com/27574-hagia-sophia.html -
500 BCE
Siddhartha Buddha Dies-Indian Civilization
Siddhartha Gautama, who would one day become known as Buddha ("enlightened one" or "the awakened"), lived in Nepal during the 6th to 4th century B.C. While scholars agree that he did in fact live, the events of his life are still debated. https://www.biography.com/people/buddha-9230587 -
480 BCE
Battle of Thermopylae-Greek/Persian Civilization
The Battle of Thermopylae was fought between an alliance of Greek city-states, led by King Leonidas of Sparta, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I over the course of three days, during the second Persian invasion of Greece. http://www.ancient.eu/thermopylae/ -
400 BCE
Democracy Begins in Athens-Greek Civilization
In the 4th to 5th century BCE, Athens had an extraordinary system of government, whereby all male citizens had equal political rights, freedom of speech, and the opportunity to participate directly in the political arena. This system was democracy. http://www.ancient.eu/Athenian_Democracy/ -
331 BCE
Alexander The Great Defeats Darius-Greek/Persian Civilization
Alexander began his war against the Persians in 334 BC. At the time the Macedonian leader was twenty-two years old. At his death eleven years later, Alexander ruled the largest empire of the ancient world. His victory at the battle of Gaugamela on the Persian plains was a decisive conquest that insured the defeat of his Persian rival King Darius III. http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/alexander.htm -
Period: 323 BCE to 31 BCE
Hellenistic Civilization
The conquests of Alexander the Great spread Hellenism immediately over the Middle East and far into Asia. After his death in 323 BC, the influence of Greek civilization continued to expand over the Mediterranean world and W Asia. https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/literature-and-the-arts/classical-literature-mythology-and-folklore/classical-literature/hellenistic-civilization -
221 BCE
Qin Rule Dynasty-Chinese Civilization
Qin dynasty, also spelled Kin, Wade-Giles romanization Ch’in, dynasty that established the first great Chinese empire. The Qin—which lasted only from 221 to 207 bce but from which the name China is derived—established the approximate boundaries and basic administrative system that all subsequent Chinese dynasties were to follow for the next two millennia. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Qin-dynasty -
Period: 27 BCE to 476
Roman civilization
By 285 CE the empire had grown too vast to be ruled from the central government at Rome and so was divided by Emperor Diocletian into a Western and an Eastern Empire. http://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Empire/ -
Period: 301 to 501
Indian Civilization
South Asia is one of the four early places where human civilization began. Civilization in South Asia began along the Indus River. The land of South Asia is dominated by three main types of physical features. Mountains, rivers, and the massive triangular-shaped peninsula of India. Ancient India is often called the Harappan Civilization because one of the ancient cities was called Harappa was just one of 1500 cities in the Indus River Valley. http://www.ancient.eu/Indus_Valley_Civilization/ -
313
Decree of Milan-Roman Civilization
Proclamation that permanently established religious toleration for Christianity within the Roman Empire. It was the outcome of a political agreement concluded in Milan between the Roman emperors Constantine I and Licinius in February 313. -
324
Constantinople Made Capital-Byzantine Civilization
Built in the seventh century BCE, the ancient city of Byzantium proved to be a valuable city for both the Greeks and Romans. Because it lay on the European side of the Strait of Bosporus, the Emperor Constantine understood its strategic importance and upon reuniting the empire in 324 CE built his new capital there -- Constantinople. http://www.ancient.eu/Constantinople/ -
Period: 330 to 1453
Byzantine Civilization
The Byzantine Empire was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the Greek-speaking, eastern part of the Mediterranean. http://www.ancient.eu/Byzantine_Empire/ -
410
Fall of Rome-Roman Civilization
The invading army reached the outskirts of Rome, which had been left totally undefended. In 410 C.E., the Visigoths, led by Alaric, breached the walls of Rome and sacked the capital of the Roman Empire. http://www.ushistory.org/civ/6f.asp -
Period: 500 to 1500
Middle Age Europe Civilization
The period of European history extending from about 500 to 1400–1500 ce is traditionally known as the Middle Ages. The term was first used by 15th-century scholars to designate the period between their own time and the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The period is often considered to have its own internal divisions: either early and late or early, central or high, and late. https://www.timemaps.com/civilizations/medieval-europe/ -
622
Hegira Begins-Islamic Civilization
Muhammad's departure from Mecca to Medina in AD 622, prompted by the opposition of the merchants of Mecca and marking the consolidation of the first Muslim community. https://www.britannica.com/event/Hijrah-Islam -
Period: 622 to 1258
Islamic Civilization
Arabia is a peninsula in the southwestern part of Asia, bounded on the east by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman: on the south bv the Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden, on the west by the Red Sea; to the north lies Palestine and a wide desert extending almost to the Euphrates; while in the northwest it is connected with Africa by the peninsula and isthmus of Suez. https://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/MunIslam.html -
632
Schism of Sunni And Shia-Islamic Civilization
The divide between Sunnis and Shia is the largest and oldest in the history of Islam. Members of the two sects have co-existed for centuries and share many fundamental beliefs and practices. But they differ in doctrine, ritual, law, theology and religious organisation. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-16047709 -
732
Battle of Tours-Frankis/Islamic Civilization
Battle of Tours, also called Battle of Poitiers, (October 732), victory won by Charles Martel, the de facto ruler of the Frankish kingdoms, over Muslim invaders from Spain. The battle has been described as one of the most consequential military encounters in history, for Martel’s victory over the emir of Córdoba preserved western Europe from Muslim conquest and Islāmization. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/battle-of-tours -
Period: 801 to 1066
Viking civilization
The farthest reported records of Vikings were in Baghdad for the trading of goods like fur, tusks and seal fat. A Viking raid on the monks of Lindisfarne, a small island located off the northeast coast of England, marked the start of the Viking migration from Scandinavia in 793. https://www.ingebretsens.com/culture/history/the-vikings-and-the-viking-era -
Period: 830 to 1500
African Kingdoms
Located on the Niger River to the west of Ghana in what is today Niger and Mali, it reached its peak in the 1350s, but had lost control of a number of vassal states by 1400. The most powerful of these states was the Songhai Empire, which expanded rapidly beginning with king Sonni Ali in the 1460s. https://www.timemaps.com/civilizations/african-kingdoms/ -
Period: 1046 to 256
Chinese Civilization
As well as the country’s sheer size, geographical features such as mountain ranges, deserts and coastlands have all helped shape Chinese history. Above all, the great river systems of China, the Yellow River to the north and the Yangtze to the south, which have given Chinese civilization its distinctive character. https://www.timemaps.com/civilizations/ancient-china/ -
1054
Great Schism-Middle Age European Civilization
The Great Schism, also known as the East-West Schism, was the event that divided "Chalcedonian" Christianity into Western (Roman) Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox. http://www.theopedia.com/great-schism -
Period: 1185 to
Japanese
Japanese culture and civilization had reached a new height. Their beautiful capital city of Nara rivaled that of China’s capital city. The people of Japan enjoyed one of the highest standards of living anywhere in the world. http://www.ushistory.org/civ/10b.asp -
Period: 1206 to 1368
Mongols
The Mongol Empire (1206–1368) was the largest contiguous land empire in world history (with its only rival in total extent being the British Empire). Founded by Genghis Khan in 1206, it encompassed the majority of the territories from southeast Asia to eastern Europe. http://www.allempires.com/article/?q=The_Mongol_Empire -
1215
Magna Carta-British Civilization
By 1215, thanks to years of unsuccessful foreign policies and heavy taxation demands, England’s King John was facing down a possible rebellion by the country’s powerful barons. Under duress, he agreed to a charter of liberties known as the Magna Carta (or Great Charter) that would place him and all of England’s future sovereigns within a rule of law. http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/magna-carta -
1280
Mansa Musa Hajj-Islamic Civilization
Fourteenth century emperor of the Mali Empire, is the medieval African ruler most known to the world outside Africa. His elaborate pilgrimage to the Muslim holy city of Mecca in 1324 introduced him to rulers in the Middle East and in Europe. http://www.blackpast.org/gah/musa-mansa-1280-1337#sthash.q5Qdl4Re.dpuf -
1325
Tenochitlan Founded-Aztec Civilization
Tenochtitlán was an Aztec city that flourished between A.D. 1325 and 1521. Built on an island on Lake Texcoco, it had a system of canals and causeways that supplied the hundreds of thousands of people who lived there. http://www.livescience.com/34660-tenochtitlan.html -
1337
Hundred Year War Begins-Middle Age European Civilization
Two factors lay at the origin of the conflict: first, the status of the duchy of Guyenne (or Aquitaine)-though it belonged to the kings of England, it remained a fief of the French crown, and the kings of England wanted independent possession; second, as the closest relatives of the last direct Capetian king (Charles IV, who had died in 1328), the kings of England from 1337 claimed the crown of France.
http://www.history.com/topics/hundred-years-war -
1453
Fall of Constantinople-Byzantine Civilization
After ten centuries of wars, defeats, and victories, the Byzantine Empire came to an end when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in May 1453. The city’s fall sent shock waves throughout Christendom. It is widely quoted as the event that marked the end of the European Middle Ages. https://www.britannica.com/event/Fall-of-Constantinople-1453 -
Period: to
Russian Civilization
Russia is an exceptional place. In the 20th century, over a single lifetime of 70 years it saw three civilizations. Each of the first two was rejected by its successor, forcing people to renounce their convictions. http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac14