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Period: 4 BCE to 4 BCE
Formation of Earth
The Earth forms from the solar nebula, a cloud of dust and gas, through accretion and gravitational attraction. -
Period: 4 BCE to 4 BCE
Hadean Eon
.Intense heat and bombardment from planetesimals characterize this period.
.The Moon forms from a collision between Earth and a Mars-sized protoplanet.
.Early oceans and atmosphere begin to form through outgassing from volcanic activity. -
Period: 4 BCE to 2 BCE
Archean Eon
.Earliest evidence of life appears in the form of microbial mats and stromatolites.
.Oxygenic photosynthesis evolves, leading to the gradual oxygenation of the atmosphere.
.Continents begin to form through volcanic activity and tectonic processes. -
Period: 2 BCE to 541 BCE
Proterozoic Eon
.Rise of eukaryotic organisms and the emergence of multicellular life.
.Great Oxygenation Event (~2.4 billion years ago), significantly increasing atmospheric oxygen levels.
.Snowball Earth episodes, where the planet experiences global glaciations.
.Evolution of complex organisms, including early animals and the first plants.
.Formation of supercontinents, such as Rodinia and Pannotia. -
Period: 252 to 252
End of the Paleozoic Era
*Permian-Triassic mass extinction event, also known as the Great Dying, results in the loss of over 90% of marine species and significant terrestrial extinctions.
*Marks the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras. -
Period: 540 to 541
End of the Precambrian
.Cambrian Explosion marks the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon, characterized by the rapid diversification of multicellular life forms. -
Period: to
Triassic Period
Radiation of reptiles, including early dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and marine reptiles.
Origin of mammals and the first appearance of flowering plants. -
Period: to
Jurassic Period
Age of dinosaurs, with the dominance of sauropods, theropods, and ornithischians.
Evolution of early birds and the diversification of marine reptiles. -
Period: to
Phanerozoic Eon
the Cambrian to Permian Periods represent a pivotal time in Earth's history, marked by significant evolutionary innovations and ecological transformations. From the Cambrian Explosion to the rise of early reptiles and forests, these periods laid the foundation for the diverse ecosystems and life forms observed on Earth today. This era is what started the world we know. -
Period: to
Cenozoic Era
Adaptive radiation of mammals following the extinction of dinosaurs.
Expansion of grasslands and the evolution of modern mammalian groups
Diversification of mammals, including the emergence of early hominids.
Formation of modern ecosystems and the rise of large herbivores and predators.:
Ice ages and glacial-interglacial cycles shape global climate and environments.
Evolution of modern humans (Homo sapiens) and the colonization of diverse habitats worldwide.