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World War I
At 28th July 1914 the First World War began with the declaration of war by the Austrian against the Serbians. In effect, the central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Osmans) fought against the Triple Entente (GB, France, Russia) and the USA in the end. -
Irish Home Rule passed, but suspended
At 18th September 1914 the Irish Home Rule passed the parliament in GB and received royal assent but was suspended to after the war because the Irish should fight against the Germans. -
Start of the Easter Rising
The Easter Rising, organised by the IRB (Irish Republican Brotherhood), began on the Easter Monday. The Irish rebels under Patrick Pearse, James Connolly, Eamon de Valera, Michael Collins occupied different strategic places in Dublin and held them against the British. They attacked with artillery and broke the resistance. -
End of the Easter Rising
The Irish rebels surrender after the attacks of the British. 15 of the rebels are executed, Eamon de Valera and Michael Collins are amnested a year later.The Irish attitude towards the British Rule changes to the Irish Catholic side. -
Founding of the IRA
After the Easter Rising, the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army fuse and found the Irish Republican Army which would be the revolutionary army for the next years. -
Irish General Election
In 1918, the General Elections in the United Kingdom were held. In Ireland, Sinn Féin won 73 of 105 seats of the -
First Dáil established
The First Dáil was established and caused the Anglo-Irish War. The Dáil Éireann is the undercouncil of the Irish Parliament. The First Dáil contained the in the general elections elected candidates for the Westminster Parliament. They refused to recognise the British Parliament and established their own parliament in Dublin (which was against the wishes of the Crown = reason for the war). -
Members of the Royal Irish Constabulary killed
At the same day of the constitution of the Dáil Éireann, IRA volunteers kill two members of the Royal Irish Constabulary, giving the British a reason to start the Anglo-Irish War. -
Dáil Constitution
At their first meeting, the small First Dáil (the British friendly members and the members of Sinn Féin, that were imprisoned or on the run were missing) adopted some short documents: the Dáil Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, a Message to the Free Nations of The World and a Democratic programme. The Constitution said, that the Dáil Éireann was the parliament of the Irish Republic, consistent of those elected in the British Elections and able to legislate the Irish Republic. -
Eamon de Valera is appointed Irish President
At the second meeting of the Dáil Éireann, Eamon de Valera is appointed as the President of the Irish Republic. -
First assassinations
At the 30th July 1919, Michael Collins authorises the first assassination of the war - a Detectiv Sergeant. -
Declaration of the IRA
The Undergroundparliament declares the IRA to be the army of the new Irish Republic. They should fight the war against GB. -
Bloody Sunday
In the morning, the IRA shots eleven British agents dead and wounds five, in a gunfight two other British and one Republican are killed. As a response, the British raid a Gaelic Football match between Dublin an Tipperary shooting into the crowd. Fourteen spectators are killed. At the end of the day, three prisoners of the IRA are killed to, "shot while trying to escape". -
Government of Ireland Act
The Irish Home Rule passes the British Parliament parting Ireland into Southern and Northern Ireland. Elections are being held but not recognised in Southern Ireland, those members assemble as the Second Dáil. In Northern Ireland, the Parliament is opened by King George V holding a speech that paves the way for the Anglo-Irish treaty. -
Anglo-Irish Treaty
The Anglo-Irish treaty is signed forming the Irish Free State, an autonomous dominion in the British Empire. It also contains the withdrawal of most of the British troops, the option for Northern Ireland to withdraw from the Irish Free State. -
Anglo-Irish Treaty passes the Dáil
In december 1921, the Anglo-Irish treaty passes the Dáil Éireann. Eamon de Valera, president of the Irish Republic, retires as the treaty passes and causes the Irish Civil War by this step. Him and Michael Collins should be the protagonists in this war, ironically they were friends in the Independence War. -
Irish Republicans occupy the Four Courts
In April 1922 militant opposers of the treaty occupy the Four Courts in Dublin. Michael Collins try to convince them to give up without fighting, but they attack Collins' troops outside the Court and set the beginning of the Civil War by this event. -
Michael Collins is murdered
As the troops of the Irish Free States capture the big cities in Southern Ireland, many of the military leaders on both sides are being killed, either executed or murdered. Michael Collins is one of those being murdered. Near Cork, he falls into a snare and starts a gun battle in which he's the only one killed. -
Atrocities on both sides
At the end of the war (around the beginning of 1923), both sides started to do some real atrocities. As the Republicans executed some of the members of the undercouncil, a lot of the captured Republicans were executed by the followers of the Irish Free States. These events should stress the relations for the whole history afterwards. -
Armistice and Elections
In May 1923, Eamon de Valera gives in to an armistice, followed by the capture of about 12,000 Republicans who were arrested till 1924. The IRA does not hold on to a guerilla war since they were not popular in the population. This was shown in the elections, too, as the Republican Sinn Féin lost a lot of their seats to the party of the Irish Free State, the Cumann na nGaedhael.
