2017 Anna Phuah Dalat World History

Early Fertile Crescent people

Period: 10,000 BCE to 500 BCE

In the Fertile Crescent on 10,000BC-500BC there were a various group of people that lived there which were the Sumerians, Babylonians, Hittittes, Kassites, Assyrians, Chaldeans, and the Phoenicians.

6.1- China- Geography of China

7000 BCE

China has the area of about 4 million square miles, and is surrounded by the Gobi desert, the Himalayas, and the Pacific Ocean. The northeast was was cool and dry but the southeast had many monsoon. There were 2 important rivers in China which were the Huang He river or Yellow River and the Chang Jiang river or Yangzi. The early civilizations would farm near both rivers so the floods could give them fertile silt. Some of the little villages that settled near the Huang He river grew to big cities

3.1-Mesopotamia- Food surplus

5000 BCE

Thanks to irrigation it created a food surplus which is when u have more than what you need. Since, there was more than enough food it opened up new opportunities for other jobs. It gives people specialized jobs in a particular task and that's called divisions of labor.

3.1- Mesopotamia- Mesopotamians use irrigation and canals

5000 BCE

Since it was hard to control the water level so it doesn't wash away the crops or cause the plants to get little water they used irrigation. It was a method that helps supply water to an area of land using canals which are human-made waterways.

4.1- The Nile Valley- Geography of Ancient Egypt and Kush

4500 BCE

The Nile was 4,000 miles long and 13 miles wide. At several places on the Nile there are cataracts whatcha are strong rapids and there were a few smaller rivers branching out into the Mediterranean Sea called a delta. Since there was little rain in Egypt most of it is a desert but there was rain in the south of Egypt making the Nile flood flourishing the land with the floods.

(4) Ancient Egypt and Kush

Period: 4500 BCE to 400

The Egyptians started out as hunter-gatherers and settled in Mesopotamia. They had the first pharaoh and had different eras such as the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom.

3.3- Southern Mesopotamia- Cunieform and scribes

3500 BCE

It was the world's first way of writing. They would use a stylus which is a sharp tool made out of weed, and write out wedge shaped symbols on a clay tablet. Scribes which are writers would write down events that occurred on the tablet, you would have to get a education to become a scribe.

3.3- Southern Mesopotamia- Technical advances

3500 BCE

The sumerians developed the wheel into carts, plows, and wheeled vehicles. They also developed a math system based on the number 60.

4.4- Egypt- Egyptian writing

3300 BCE

The Egyptians had their own form of writing called hieroglyphics that was written using ink on papyrus, paper made with reed making it last longer. In 1799, a French soldier discovered the Rosetta Stone (a stone with Egyptian text inscribed on it) which helped historians decipher hieroglyphics.

4.1- Nile Valley- Civilization starts to form

3100 BCE

Soon A group called hunter-gatherers settled into the Nile Valley and they used irrigation in help with farms. Soon around 3100 BC someone named Menes became the first pharaoh he soon united lower and upper Egypt and founded Egypt's first dynasty.

6.1- China- The first dynasties

3000 BCE

Soon the people started making advances in their society, and usually the wealthy would have many jewelry made from a hard gem called jade. The first dynasties were the Xia and Shane dynasty. People today still don't, know much about the Xia dynasty. Though a lot I'd found from the Shane dynasty, such as, they had taxes were claimed which took most of the lower rank's money. They also believed in oracles which are predictions. Also they would write on bones, their writing system had 2000 symbols

3.2- Southern Mesopotamia- Sumerians create city-state

3000 BCE

In Southern Mesopotamia, there was a civilization called the Sumereians. By 2000BC they had over 1,000 residents due to the fact they were such a large community they created what is called a city-state. It's when

4.2- Nile Valley- The old Kingdom

2700 BCE

The Old Kingdom lasted from 2100 BC to 2200 BC. This was when the third dynasty really set into power and one of the most famous pharaoh was Khufu because he would build many monuments for himself. They had a social structure, with pharaohs at the top, nobles at the second top, scribes and craftsmen the the second to last, and the bottom farmers, servants and slaves.

3.2- Southern Mesopotamia- Sargon

2334 BCE

Sargon defeated all the city-states in Sumer and extended the Akkadian territory.Sargon created the world's first empire. He was the emperor for more than 50 years.

5.2- India- Geography of early India

2300 BCE

India was so big that it was a subcontinent which is when there is a lot of land but it's still smaller than a continent. India was very isolated because to the northeast there were the Himalaya and to the northwest was a large barren desert. The rest of India was surrounded by the sea which is useful for trading. They also had several main rivers. The climate is mostly monsoon which are seasonal patterns of wind that cause it to be cold and hot.

4.1- Indus River- Harrapan Civilization

2300 BCE

They built a civilization near the Indus River. they were the first Indian city. Their houses were very advanced with built in toilets but the civilization ended at 1700s BC

(5) Ancient India

Period: 2300 BCE to 320

From 2300 BC to 320 AD India has advanced in many ways and had many different civilizations conquer it such as, the Harappan, Aryan, Mauryan, and the Gupta society.

4.2- The Nile Valley- Afterlife

2200 BCE

The Egyptians believed in the afterlife. They believed that when someone dies their ka, a person's life force, would leave their body and go to the afterlife. They had a specific procedure to prepare the body for death, they would embalm the body which is preserving the bodies as mummies which are bodies wrapped in cloth. Only the elite (people with power or wealth) could afford this the poorer classes would bury the dead in the hot dry sand so it could naturally preserve the body.

4.3- Egypt- Middle Kingdom

2050 BCE

The power and wealth declined when the old kingdom came to an end and so began the Middle Kingdom. Around 2050 BC and pharaoh named Mentuhoptep II came into power. The Middle Kingdom was time of order and stability until 1750 BC. The Hyksos invaded Egypt and the they lost their power. During the mid 1500s the Egyptians kicked the Hyksos out.

5.1- Indus River- Aryan

2000 BCE

They first arrived around 2000 BC, they had Vedas which are religious writings. Their political system was about family ties. The villages were run by rajas, a leader. Their main language was Sanskrit, the most important language in India

8.1- Greece- Geography of Greece

2000 BCE

The mainland of Greece is a peninsula surrounded by water. The mainland had mostly mountains so the Greeks were very dependent on the sea. There are also many island in the sea the right which is called the Aegean Sea. Since the were so many mountains that covered the mainland so Greece the Greeks couldn't have many farms due to the fact there was little flat land. The Greeks relied on the sea for food and trade. Since they couldn't travel through the mountains the Greeks were isolated.

8.1- Greece- Culture Develops

2000 BCE

Due to the fact they were isolated the Greeks created their own culture. The two earliest civilizations in Greece were the Minoans and the Mycenaeans. The Minoans lived on a island called Crete, they didn't speak Greek so they weren't considered Greek. Scientists believe they were wiped out by a volcano. The Mycenaeans were considered Greek because they were the first to speak it. They would attack other kingdoms too. 300 years after the fall of the Mycenaeans the Greeks created city-states.

4.5- South of Egypt- Kush

2000 BCE

Egypt was scared Kush was getting to powerful and will invade them so the Egyptians invaded Kush. Kush became part of Egypt, but during the New Kindom Egypt was falling out of power and Kushnite leaders begun to take back their power/control and 200 years later Kush received independence. Aroundthe 700s a Kush king, Kashta, attacked Egypt, taking Upper Egypt. When he died his son, Piankhi, kept attaking Egypt and when he died he accomplished his goal.

8- Ancient Greece

Period: 2000 BCE to 500 BCE

Greece was a country with many little islands and many mountains, the sea was very important. There were many battles, and the Greeks created many things.

3.4-Southern Mesopotamia- Hammurabi's code

1792 BCE

In 1792 BC, a king called Hammurabi came to power and became Babylon's king. He created a code of laws which had 282 sets of laws for everything. In fact, Hammurabi's code is the foundation for our laws in the modern day world.

8.1- Greece- Life in City-states

1700 BCE

The Greeks called city-states polis, the creation of city-states started the age called classical age which had many great achievements within it. The Greek cities were usually built around a fortress which would be on a acropolis which is a high hill. City-states helped the Greeks stabilize and became safe. Though the Greeks also set out to other islands to colonize there were many Greek colonies. They often traded with other city-states, later on the Greeks became the best tradesmen.

4.3- Egypt- The New Kingdom

1550 BCE

The New Kingdom was the peak of Egypt's height and glory but they only lasted 1550 BC to 1050 BC. The Egyptian leaders were worried about another attack so they turned Egypt into an empire. They also had good trade routes, in fact a ruler called Queen Hatshepsut helped the trading to increase. During the 1200 BC Ramses the Great came to power and was the longest to stay in power. When he died Egypt lost it's power and never got it back.

(6) Ancient China

Period: 1500 BCE to 206 BCE

There were many different dynasties that ruled China such as the the Zhou, Xia, Shang, Qin, and the Han dynasty

5.2- India- Social Structure

1250 BCE

In India they had 4 varnas which are social divisions. They were in this order; Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas ( rulers or warriors), Viasyas (farmers, craftsmen or traders), and Sudras (laborers). The highest honor were Brahmins as you can see. There was a system called the caste system which is where they divided people into groups based on birth, wealth and job. You could only interact with those in your caste and never outside your caste.

5.2- India- Religion part. 2

1250 BCE

Based on your karma which is the effects of a good/bad actions of the person have on them it depends on what caste you'll be born in. Not everyone agreed with Hinduism, some believed in another religion called Jainism. It was based around a man named Mahavira who some think was born in 599 BC. They practiced non-violence which means to avoid violence. Centuries after Jainism there was Sikhism follows the teaching of Guru Nanak who lived in 1400 AD.

6.2- China- Zhou dynasty

1100 BCE

Over time the leaders of the people were called He Zhou dynasty, they were the longest lasting dynasty. They believed that the mandate from heaven were the ones who determined who would rule. In the social rank the king was the highest. The peasants, farmers, were the lowest rank. Over time invaders took over in 771 BC and they lost the battle but the dynasty survived. In 481 BC they reached the Warring State Period which was the time when everyone fought for land

5.2- India- Religion

1000 BCE

Aryan's main religion was Brahmanism and it was based on 4 vedas. They had many rituals and would sacrifice many animals. People from Persia and people from China brought their ideas to India and the combination of ideas created Hinduism, the biggest religion in idea today. They believed in many gods but they had one main god who had three different personalities. The Hindus also believed in reincarnation which is when u die u get reborn into a new body.

6.2- China- Religion and problems

771 BCE

During the Warring States Period family ties weakened because the sons of family would fight to gain land for themselves due to that the Chinese society fell into disorder. Later on, a man named Confucius wanted to change the people so he taught the people about ethics, moral values, he traveled to many regions his pupils studied a book called The Analects, it became a religion called Confucianism. Another belief was Daoism which is living in harmony. Legalism was belief of people were bad.

10.1-Rome- Geography and Origins

753 BCE

There were many mountains, and Rome was on the Tiber river. They say Rome started when a Trojan warrior, Aeneas, carried his father all the way to Italy and married the Latin king's daughter. His descendants were Remus and Romulus, who were left in a basket on the Tiber River. A wolf rescued them andraised them but a farmer later saw them and adopted them. They grew up and Romualus killed his brother because Remus mocked his ideas. So Romulus named Rome after himself

10-The Roman Republic

Period: 753 BCE to 27 BCE

Rome had many enemies and conquered many places. They had a good government and army.

4.5- South Egypt- Later Kush

670 BCE

The capital of Kush was Meroë, it was full of rich ore like iron. In fact it was the main place for a trade network, which is when a lot of people from different places who trade. There were merchants who would carry out lots of goods. Kush had many exports ( goods sent to other countries or states) and received imports ( items brought form outside of Kush). Women in Kushite society were very active and could rise to high positions.

9.2- Greece- Sparta and Athens

600 BCE

Sparta focused more on strength and in their military. The boys would train to fight from a young age and the women had more rights than in Greece, they admired discipline and obedience. Sparta was ruled with two kings and had a lot of slaves called helots. In Athens, they admired the mind, boys and girls would would get education if they were rich, but the women didn't have many rights. After the Persian War ended Athens and Sparta teamed up which is called an alliance.

8.2- Greece- Goverment

600 BCE

The Greece were the first to create and start a democracy which is a government which the citizens can rule themselves. Athens was were democracy started. Before democracy there were other different governments such as, the aristocrats; rich people, oligarchy; a government led by few people, and tyrant; a government led by using force. The first was aristocrats which was bad because Draco the leader was to harsh. Then was a nicer leader name Solon.

9- Modern Greece

Period: 600 BCE to 30 BCE

There were many famous and powerful leaders during this time such as, Cyrus, Cambyses, Darius, Xerxes and Alexander the Great.

5.3- India- Buddha

563 BCE

A prince named Siddhartha Gautama who was born in northern India in 563 BC was not satisfied with life so he started to question the meaning of human life. When he was 30 he left home to search the world for an answer, he fasted which is going days without food and meditated which is focusing your mind on spiritual mind. On day beneath a tree by the Ganges River he found the answer he was 35 years old then. from that time on he was called Buddha. Soon his teachings became a religion.

5.3- India- Buddhism

563 BCE

his teachings included the 4 noble truths and nirvana which is a state of perfect peace. He also created the eight fold path. Soon Buddhism spread across India by missionaries, people who share spiritual works or belief. There were 2 branches of Buddhism one is Theravada and Mahayana.

9.1-Persia- Cyrus the Great

550 BCE

Persia had many leaders one of which was Cyrus the Great. In 550 BC Cyrus’s II led a revolt against the Medes, Cyrus won. He then conquered Medes, he conquered much of Southeast Asia including Asia Minor. He died in 529 BC he ruled the largest empire ever. When he conquered a place he would allow them to keep their customs and so not many people rebelled against him. He had a strong army with 10,000 of his best soldiers called Immortals, and cavalry (soldiers on horses).

11.3- Rome- Eastern Empire

527 BCE

Justinian was the emperor of the Eastern Empire and wanted to retake Rome. He conquered Italy, he also removed any unchristian laws and created a new law system called Justinian's Code. There was a uprising, and he wanted to fee but his wife, Theodora, convinced him to stay and calm the people. He stopped the riots and ruled successfully. After he died the empire shrunk and the Turks captured it. The Eastern Empire spoke Greek and historians call the Eastern Empire, Byzantine Empire.

9.1- Persia-Other leaders

510 BCE

4 years later, Darius took the throne, he divided the empire into 20 pronvinces calling the governors, satraps. He built many roads, like the Royal Road which was 1,700 miles long. He also built a new capital called Persepolis. He conquered the Indus Valley, the. Greek cities rebelled so the started the Persina war, which is a invasion on the Greeks.Though Athens has less soldier, than the Persians, Athens still won.

10.1- Rome-Early kings and republics

509 BCE

Romulus was the first king of Rome. There were 7 other kings, the last was the cruelest so the nobles overthrew him and created a new government a republic which is when people elect a leader. In times of war the Romans chose a dictator with almost absolute power but only for 6 months. The most famous was Cincinnatus because he was a farmer and he won the ar but went back to farming afterwards. Plebeians were commoners and Patricians were nobles.

8.2- Greece- Democracy

500 BCE

A new leader came into power called Cleisthenes. He disliked aristocracy and overthrew the idea and so he created democracy. All the citizens (except women) were allowed to participate. They always needed at least 6,000 people to vote, so it was hard. Democracy lasted for 170 years. The difference between out democracy is that Athens had direct democracy which is all the citizens come to help out but since US is too big we have representative democracy which is we vote on what we believe in.

8.3- Greece- Mythology

500 BCE

Mythology is stories of heroes and gods to explain things and how the world works. The Greeks believed in many gods, they believed the gods caused the things in this world to happen. They belived natural disasters and daily things were caused by the geek gods. Some myths were about famous heroes like Heracles. The two earliest writings in Greece were epic poems called the Iliad and the Odyssey both written by Homer.

8.3- Greece- Greek literature and language

500 BCE

A lyric poem is poetry set to music, the most famous lyric poet was a woman called Sappho. Fables were stories with morals about talking animals that give life lesson or advice. Aesop was most famous for his fables such as the boy who cried wolf. The Greeks had a big influence on our language. In fact many English words were Greek terms or expressions. Greek myths has inspired many writers and artists.

17.1-Europe- Geography of Europe

500 BCE

Europe is part of Eurasia which is Asia and Europe together. Topography is the shape and elevation of a region. Southern Europe is covered mostly with mountains while Morthern Europe has the Northern European Plain which has rivers in it. Scandinavia is one of Europes peninsulas. The climate/weather is different depending on which region you are in. People in Southern Europe live in valleys or coastal plains for farmland. In Northern Europe they live far from the sea, but near the rivers.

9.2- Greece- Peloponnesian War

480 BCE

After forming a alliance Athens started to treat other member like their subjects, and so Sparta was worried that they were getting too powerful so they declared war. The Peloponnesian War was between Sparta and Athens, it lasted for 10 years. Then in 415 BC Athens tried to conquer the Sicily but failed so they were weak. Then Sparta attacked them and won. Sparta became the most powerful city state, they controled most of Greece causing other city states to hate them, so they started fighting.

9.1- Persia- Second invasion of Greece

480 BCE

10 years later, Daruis's son invades Greece again. Athens and Sparta joined forces. The a traitor from Greece told them of a pass to attack them, and so they did and won. Soon the Greeks regained the upper hand the Athens defeated them by trapping their boats, in a narrow strait.

10.2- Rome-Laws and Forum

450 BCE

At first there were no laws so people we’re unhappy so they wrote the laws on 12 bronze tables they were shown in the Roman forum, a public meeting place, so everyone can see it. The forum was in the center of Rome. Thy held many things like shops or attractions.

10.2-Rome- Goverment

400 BCE

There were three branches in the Roman government, the magistrates were the elected officials, consuls were the two most powerful magistrates, they only run for a year, The Senates fun for life and they are wealthy Roman citizens that advise the leaders. The third is Assemblies and Tribunes who also run for a year, they were plebeians and patricians. They would veto, prohibit, the actions of other. Checks and balances were a way to balance power so one side isn't too powerful.

10.3-Rome- Late Republic

387 BCE

Rome's territory grew making it a threat to others so the Gauls attacked Rome so Rome gave them money to stay out. Other cities tried that but Rome fought off the attacks controlling the whole Italian peninsula. Their armies were in legions, group of 6000 soldiers. Their trade expanded because the farmers couldn't make enough food so they bought food from merchants. As Rome's power grew others saw it as a threat so they started the Punic Wars, a series of wars against Carthage and Rome.

5.3- India- Gupta society

375 BCE

In 375 BC, a new emperor called Candra Gupta II took over and the Gupta dynasty reached the highest point and many outsiders admired the emperor's wealth and beauty. They brought back the caste system because they thought it was important. They reign ended in the late 400s

9.3- Macedonia- Phillip and Alexander

359 BCE

In 359 BC, a king named Phillip became king of Macedonia. He defeated Greece because of his Phanalx which is group of warriors in a square formation. His son Alexander was 20 years old and was a strong leader. He conquered Asia Minor, the Persian Empire and Egypt. He crossed the Indus River but his soldiers were too tired to continue so they returned.he liked Greek culture so he spread Hellenistic which is Greek-like ideas around.

5.3- India- Different Empires

320 BCE

A military leader called Chandragupta Mauryan, seized control on North India. He was amazing at war, but he converted to Jainism and soon passed his throne to his son. During 270 BC his grandson became king, his name was Asoka. He would watch his bloody battles but in 233 BC he died. In 184 BC the last Mauryan king died and India was split into smaller states. 500 years later, Hinduism declined in popularity. Then there was a new dynasty the Gupta dynasty.

5.5- India- Indian achievements

320 BCE

The early Hindu structures were small stone buildings but through time developed into something complex. The Buddhist would create their temples on the mountain side. Most Indian paintings through the Gupta period were colorful and had their gods in it. They had religious epics and the two most famous ones are Mahabharata and Ramayana. They are 2 long passages about the Hindu belief. The writers also created plays, poetry, and the most famous writer at that time was Kalisdasa

11.3-Rome- Decline of Rome

300 BCE

Once Diocletian left power Constantine reunited the empires for a while, he built a capital called Constantinople. Rome's power was declining, the Huns attacked the Goths who fled to Rome and Rome fought them out. Then they came back and attacked and Rome couldn't defend themselves so they paid the Goths to stay out but then they stopped paying them and Rome was destroyed. Military took power but a foreign general overthrew the king and named himself king, ending the Western Roman Empire.

6.3- China- The Qin Dynasty

221 BCE

Shi Huangdi was the first emperor to unify the whole of China he followed legalism. He invaded many lands and claimed all the power. He divided China into districts to make it easier to control them. He standardized everything to make things easier people who disobeyed were punished. Shi Huangdi built a network of roads and canals for trade. He also finished the Great Wall that was a barrier that protected China.

10.3- Rome-The Punic Wars

218 BCE

Once the Punic War started, a very famous called Hannibal went to attack Rome but instead of sailing there he traveled through Italy's country side, through various mountains. He used War elephants which caused fear and could stampede over the enemy. Then Rome attacked Carthage and Hannibal had to go back, but Rome burned the city. Later Rome took over the western Mediterranean. After they took over Greece they adopted some of their culture.

6.4- China- Han dynasty

207 BCE

When the Qin dynasty collapsed in 207 BC the Hans took over. Lie Bang was the first common person to become emperor. He made the government laws less harsh. In 140 BC, the new emperor, Wudi, made the government more strong. He made the main philosophy Confucianism. There were 4 types of classes, the second highest class was peasants. He emphasized on family life and that you should listen to your parents. During this time there were many literature, and innovations.

10.3-Rome- Crisis in the Rebupulic

133 BCE

There were many promblems and Tiberius and Gaius were the first to address, they gave land to the poor for farms sothe wealthy did not like that so they killed Tiberius and Gaius. A consul, Gaius Marius, made the poor join the army but Lucius Cornelius Sulla disliked it and started a civil war against Marius and he won. Sulla made himself dictator. Once Sulla died Spartacus wanted freedom and defeated the army but died in battle so the revolt fell apart so the Roman army won, killing 6000 rebels

6.5- China- Trade and the Silk Road

100 BCE

The Hann dynasty made many things. They were especially good at ironwork, and made many advances in that area. One of the items that made them rich was silk, a soft expensive material. They would trade with outside countries and soon created the Silk Road a 4,000 miles long road that goes through Asia. Thanks to Silk and the Silk Road China grew in wealth. After a while the Han dynasty became less stable and people started rebelling more, and so people converted to Buddhism and soon it spread.

11.1- Rome- Disorder in the Republic

58 BCE

A orator (public speaker), named Cicero told the wealthy Romans to help Rome become better, not many listen because they were too busy with Julius Caesar. He was a good general, He wrote about this conquests and had powerful friends like Pompey and Crassus. He friends got jealous of him and Pompey's allies wanted Pompey to rule Rome alone so they asked caesar to step down. Caesar chased Pompey's army and killed him. When he returned the Senates were scared of his power to be king and killed him.

11- Rome and Christianity

Period: 44 BCE to 1453

A time when Jesus was born ad empire was falling, so they split in to two parts. One of the rulers introduced Christianity, spreading the religion.

11.1- Rome- The end of the republic

42 BCE

After Caesar died, Marc Anthony and Octavian/Augustus wanted to avenge his death so they caught up with the killers and fought but after that the killers killed themselves. Many people liked Caesar so were mad when he was assassinated. After the war Marc Anthony married Octavian's sister but divorced to marry Cleopatra, Octavian was insulted by the divorce, so there was a civil war, Marc and Cleopatra fled to Egypt and killed themselves there, so Octavian was now the sole ruler of Rome.

9.4- Greece- Greek Achievements

30 BCE

Their statues were very human-like and detailed. They were very good at architecture, they built the Parthenon in the 400BC. They also made different forms of writing like plays or dramas. There were many great philosophers like Socrates who wanted people to question their belief but he was condemned to death. His student, Plato, taught about justice and fairness to everyone. Aristotle, he taught Alexander and taught about balance and moderation.He believed in reason, clear and ordered thinking.

9.4- Greece- Science

30 BCE

Euclid was a man who was interested in geometry, many rules we learn in geometry is from him. Greek doctors studied the human body. The greatest doctor was Hippocrates, he studied how to cure diseases. Greek engineers also created many things like a water screw to help pull up water to their fields. It was created by Archimedes a scientist.

11.1-Rome- Octavian

27 BCE

He called himself princeps (first citizen), He gave his power to the Senate but actually kept it and they called him Augustus (revered one). Soon Rome was an empire controlling the Mediterranean, it promoted trade, that 200 year period was called PAX ROMANA because of the peace and stability.They had practical study to science and engineering.They built arches which created aqueducts to carry water.Their language was the romance language and created Civil Law(legal system based on written laws.)

11.2-Rome- Jesus of Nazareth

1 CE

Jesus was born in the beginning of the first AD, he was very influential.The Christian Bible has two parts, the first is the Old Testament, its about the history and ideas of the old Hebrews and Jews. The second part is the New Testament, its about the life and teachings of Jesus, and Christianity. Jesus was born in Bethlehem, his mom was Mary and dad was Joseph. As a young man he lived in Nazareth and later he went to travel the world to share his ideas/beliefs. He had many followers/disciples.

11.2- Crucifixion and Resurrection

30

When he traveled he influenced many people but that challenged authorities so the Romans arrested Jesus in 30 AD. He then was killed by being crucified(being nailed to a cross). It says that after he died he was resurrected, brought back to life, so the Christians believed he was the Messiah, the son of God. He taught many Jews and others about his message to love everyone and to gain salvation which is free from sin. There were apostles(12 disciples that had special training)who spread the word

11.2- Rome- The Growth of Christianity

40

The most famous apostle was Paul who spread Jesus's word and wrote letters to help the churches. In the New Testament there were also gospels written by men called, Matthew, Mark, John, and Luke. the first Christians spread Christianity among Jews but soon spread to others like non-Jews. Many were arrested and killed. During that period was the persecution of the Christians. Persecution is when a group of people are killed for their beliefs.

11.2- Rome- Christianity

66

They allowed many religions and worshipped the adopted gods including the greek gods. They were practical, not knowing which was fake or real so they worshipped all so they wouldn't offend any of them. The only banned the religion if it was a political problem but the Jews didn't worship the Roman gods so some Romans got upset, but the Jews rebelled.The emperor Hadrian banned Judaism, making the Jews revolt.Then a new religion called Christianity (the teaching and life of Jesus Christ) appeared.

11.3-Rome- Problems in the empire

100

By the end of the 200s AD Rome gave up some of their land because it was to big to defend and lead efficiently. There were many tribes and countries that attacked them Rome fought till the end of the 200s. There were also raids so the farmers by the border got scared and abandoned their farms. The Romans hired German farmers but they let their enemies to enter Rome and attack. There was also disease and they had to increase taxes. Diocletian came and split the empire to give half to Constantine

13.1-West Africa-Gold & Salt

200

Gold and sat were valuable trade resources to West Africans. Salt was used as a preservative to keep food fresh. Gold was highly valued and a tool for trading.

16.1- Guatemala- Social Structure

250

The king had the highest position and people believed that the kings were related to gods. Priests, merchants and nobles were also part of the upper class. Most Mayans were in the lower class which were farmers. The lower classs would pay the king with food or clothing as tax. They also helped build buildings and would serve in war.

13.4-West Africa-Groits

300

The griots were storytellers that preserves the history of West Africa. They did this by sharing stories to other groits and this is called an oral history. They also shared proverbs and wise sayings. They shared the oral history because they didn’t have a written language.

11.3- Factors to Rome's decline

400

Rome became to large to defend efficiently, also there was corruption which is when people's morals decay. Many Corrupt officials would bribe people and threaten them to meet their goals. The wealthier citizens fled and created an army of their own fighting to overthrow the emperor. The population became smaller and taxes increase, soon the western empire fell.

13.2-Ghana-Silent Bartering

500

Silent bartering is the procedure in which people trade without meeting face to face. This was important because it prevented people from gold and salt from each other; and conducted trade peacefully.

17.4-Europe-Similarities of Japan & Europe's Fuedal society

500

Like the Europeans the Japanese's highest rank was their emperors/kings, the second highest was Diamyos/Lords, the third samurai/knights and last were peasants. The warriors both had to follow a strict code of honor like chivalry and bushido. The peasants also both worked on their land under their lords.

17.3-Europe-Feudalism

500

The highest class would be the kings/queens, the second would be the nobles, the third and knights and finally the peasants. The nobles would hire knights to protect their land and give a portion of it to the knights as payment for protection, the knights would be called vassals. Knights fought on horsebacks. When the lord is in danger or need help the knight/vassal was suppose to help fight and they had to give their lords money, food and shelter. The vassal could also be a lord and vassal.

13-Africa

Period: 500 to 1580

Ghana-300 AD
Mali-1230 AD
Songhai-1300 AD

15-Japan

Period: 500 to 1800

Yamato rulers extend control-500
Buddhism is introduced-550
Period of golden age of arts-794-1185
New forms of Buddhism-1100
Shoguns lose authority-1400
Samurai period ends-1800

17-Europe

Period: 500 to 1500

Middle Ages-500
The Franks-480
150

18.1-Europe-Power of the Pope

550

In the Middle Ages the pope had a lot of power, they were the head of the Christians churches. People thought the pope was God's representative on earth. The pope would write religious text or teachings called bull and they decided who was acting against the church. If it was serious the bishop or pope could excommunicate someone which is to cast out someone from the church. People believed if you were excommunicated you couldn’t go to heaven. Pope's lived in royalty and had political power.

12- The Islamic World

Period: 550 to 1631

The Ottoman Empire-1200-1800
The Safavid Empire-1501-1700
The. Mughal Empire-1500-1600

12-Arabia- Geography and life

570

It was hot and dry, it was a desert and had little water. Oasis were wet fertile land in a desert and helped travelers. Nomads lived intents and traveled whilst others would live in one place. Caravans were groups of traders that would travel together. Muhammad was born around 570, he had his own caravan and married Khadijah. He was concerned for the poor and went to a cave to meditate. He said he saw an angel and it was sent by God to make him a prophet. Islam believes the messages of Muhammad.

14-China

Period: 589 to 1644

Sui Dynasty:589-618
Tang Dynasty:618-918
Song Dynasty:960-1279
Yuan Dynasty:1279-1368
Ming Dynasty:1368-1644

15.1-Japan-Prince Shotoku

593

Prince Shotoku brought Chinese ideas to japan. He was regent ( person who rules a country for someone who can’t rule alone) for 593-621. He admired Chinese culture and sent scholars to China to learn more about it. They came back and taught about Confucianism. It taught how families should behave and who to obey, they also changed religious things. Shotoku was Buddhist and wanted to spread it but it wasn’t very popular so the prince built large temples and slowly it became a popular religion.

12.1- Arabia-Muhammad’s teachings

613

The Islams were called Muslims, Muhammad’s messages were recorded and collected in the Qur’an, the holy book of Islam. He taught Allah is God and taught to believe in only one god, Allah. The people had many shrines the most important was Kaaba. People would go there every year on a pilgrimage, a journey to a sacred place. He began to influence many , he became a spiritual and political leader and his house was the first mosque, a Muslim's place to pray. He died in 632.

12.2-Islam-Five pillars

613

The five pillars are five acts of worship that the Muslims must do. The first pillar is faith, Muslims must say “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is his prophet.” The second pillar is to pray 5 times a day. The third is to give to the poor and needy and donate yearly. The fourth is to fast during Ramadan, a holy month. And the fifth is to travel to Mecca at least once in your life. It’s called hajj; pilgrimage to Mecca.

14.1-China-Golden Age of Chinese Civilization

618

The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of Chinese civilization. It lasted nearly 300 years. They conquered most of Eastern Asia as well as Central Asia. Taizong was it’s greatest rulers as well as Xuanzong a great leader. Xuanzong helped culture flourish and during his time there were many great poets.

12.4- Islam- Mosques

625

Patrons would use their money and build beautiful mosques, which have domes at the top of it. Also mosques have minaret which are narrow towers to call out Muslims to pray. Inside the mosques there aren't pictures of people or animals because Muslims believe only God can create them. Instead they have decorative writing called calligraphy with sayings from the Qu'ran.

17.2-Europe-Charlemagne

700

He was a brilliant warrior and strong kind, he led the Franks. He would conquer kingdoms and forced them into Christianity since he was a Christian king. On Christmas he was named emperor by Pope Leo III, it showed the return of the greatness of Rome. He admired education and built many schools. He brought scholars to his capital, Aachen, to teach. These scholars were some of the greatest religious scholars and teachers.

18-Late Middle Ages

Period: 700 to 1492

1000-Europe was divided
1096-First Crusade
1147-Second Crusade
1189-Third Crusade
1201-Fourth Crusade
1291-End of Crusades
900-Start of Religious Orders
1215-Magna Carta was signed
1328-A Hundred Year War
1347-Black Death

12.3-Islam- Spreading of Islam through trade

749

Wherever the Muslim's conquered they spread Islam. Also trading help. The Arab traders would go to India, Africa and Southeast Asia and spread their religion. Soon the coastal trading cities had large Muslim communities.Many of the African leaders changed to Islam. It also brought the Muslims new products and taught them things from other cultures.

18.3-Europe-Religious order

910

Religious order was a group of people who lived their entire lives dedicated to religion and following the law. It started when French monks were unhappy with the church. They started a church in Cluny following strict rules on how to live and didn’t care much about the world. This was called the Cluny monks. Some other monks created new orders stricter, women too created religious orders such as communities of nuns called convents.

14.2-China-Paper Money

1000

Instead of using bulky coins created by metal like bronze or gold or silver, the Song Dynasty created paper money. They were lighter and easier to use. Not to mention it was easier to carry more paper money than coins.

15.2-Japan-Change in Buddhism

1000

The nobles would have grand ceremonies for religion while commoners didn’t have time or money fit that so different forms of Buddhism was created. The most common was Pure Land Buddhism which you chant Buddha's name over and over to gain the enlighten stage. From China came Zen Buddhism that taught neither faith or good behavior led to wisdom, that you should be self disciplined and meditate. It attracted a lot of attention to warriors.

16-Early Americans

Period: 1000 to 1537

Mayans- 1000 BC
Aztecs-1325
Incas-1400

15.3-Japan-Samurai society

1100

Daimyo's (large landowners) wanted samurais( trained professional warriors) to defend their land and themselves. They were expensive so they paid them with food and a place to live. They wore light armor and carried swords. They would follow the Bushido, the samurai code of rules. The shogun ruled in the emperors name while the emperor was a figure who seemed to be ruling but wasn’t.

14.4-China-Genghis Khan

1206

The Mongols have lived in separate tribes but Genghis Khan united them. He created a strong Mongolia army and went on a conquest. They terrified many people throughout Asia and Europe. He and his army killed everyone in countless cities and villages. In 20 years he ruled most of Asia, then he focused on China. His armies invaded in the north and they fought into the south wrecking everything. Even after he died his sons and grandsons continued his conquests.

18.4-Europe-Magna Carta

1215

The nobles wanted the king to respect their rights and so forced King John to sign the Magna Carta, a document listing the rights of the people which the king couldn’t ignore. In Latin it means Great Charter. One of the rights was that you couldn’t arrest people for no reason and that everyone is given a fair trial. In England, they limited the king's power even more by creating the parliament which is a law-making body/council that governs England even today.

14.3-China-Neo-Confucianism

1260

In the late Tang Dynasty scholars became interested in Confucianism, it gave them a desire to improve the Chinese government. After the Song Dynasty, Neo-Confucianism was developed. Neo means new. This new philosophy was similar to the old Confucianism but focused more on spiritual matter. It became influential under the Song Dynasty and later became its official government teachings.

18.5-Europe-Discrimination to Jews

1290

Not only were Heretics and Muslims punished but Jews too. The Christians believed that the Jews were responsible for Jesus Christ's death and so they punished the Jews for that. The rulers who were supported by the church forced Jews out of their country. The Holy Roman Empire blames the Black Death on the Jews and many Jews had to escape.

18.2-Europe-Results of the Crusades

1291

Even though the crusades were horrible and failed, there were few good outcomes. Trade between Europe and Asia increases because when the Europeans went to the Hold Land they learned about different products. The kings also gained more power because so many nobles and knight had died. They would take over land without clear leaders. Sadly many Jews distrusted the Christians for attacking them but there was mutual respect between the Muslims and Christians. Peasants and serfs also demanding wages

19.1-Europe-Florence

1300

The Silk Road reopened. Northern Italian cities became a main trading centers such as Florence, Milan, Genoa, and Venice. Florence had the greatest trade and wealth and begun with wool trade but banking was what increased their wealth. The greatest Florence banker was the Medici family. They became the richest family and has political power. Cosmo de’ Medici water Florence to be beautiful so he hired artists and architects to redesign Florence. He also valued education

19-Renaissance

Period: 1300 to 1648

Renaissance starts- 1300
Gutenberg printing press invented-1450
Martin Luther starts reformation-1517
Thirty year war ends-1648

19.2-Europe-Northern Renaissance

1310

Humanism begun to spread to Northern Europe and scholars began to focus on Christianity. This blended together creating Christian humanism. Many of the scholars started to feel like the church wasn’t following Jesus's ways and was corrupt. Dutch priest, Desiderius Erasmus judged the clergys and wanted to stop some of the churches rituals. He focused on devotion to God and Jesus's teachings. The northern renaissance also started to paint more realistic artwork.

13.3-Mali-Munsa Musa

1324

Mansa Musa was the most famous ruler of Mali. Also he was super rich. He was a Muslim. He was so rich he caused inflation wherever he went. He was also really into education and he built mosques and schools. His son was total weak sauce, and caused the downfall of the empire to raiders/nomads.

16.2- Mexico- Sacrifice

1325

The Aztecs would sacrifice 10,000 people a year to their gods. They would take the human heart and blood to give to the gods. They do it to please the gods. When they went to war and attack neighboring people they would try to kill as little people as they can so they could be used as human sacrifices. They used the neighborhing people as their victims

20-Science and Eploration

Period: 1416 to 1700

Scientific Revolution-1540
Nicolas Copernicus-1473
Johannes Kepler-1550
Galileo Galilei-1564
Isaac Newton-1642
Dias-1487
Da Gama- 1497
Cabral-1500
Comlubus-149
Magellan-1519
Cartier-1534
Drake-1577
Cabot-1497

20.2-Europe-Christopher Columbus

1492

Columbus was a Italian sailor who thought he found a shorter way to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic. He told Ferdinand and Isabelle which were Spanish monarchs about his plans and they funded his journey. Columbus sailed with 88 men and 3 small ships. He and his crew landed on an island in the Bahamas and thought it was Asia. What he didn’t know was he landed on North America.

16.3-South America-Economy

1500

The Inca government would control all the economy and told each household what to do. The farmers would care for the government land and their own. Villagers would make clothes for the soldiers and the soldiers would build. The Incas paid taxes in forms of labor, this was system was called mita. There were no merchants or markets, the government would distribute to everyone the goods they collected from mita. Everyone got the equal amount of everything. Leftovers were used in emergencies.

20.3-Europe-Banking

1500

Since there was increased trade more banks opened up. The Dutch and English each set up their banks. It improved business in many ways, it helped international trade grow so merchants could deal with different countries with different money. They could exchange money from on country to another. Banks would also loan money to people who needed it or wanted to open new businesses.

19.3-Europe-Martin Luther

1517

A priest wanted the church to reform, his name was Martin Luther. He wrote a list of complaints called the 95 theses about the church and nailed it on their door. The list started to spread because of the new printing press. Martin's ideas created a split in the church. The people who protested against the church were called Protestants, they followed Martin's teachings which were that anyone could have a relationship with god. He translated the Bible to German for others to read.

21.1-Europe-Enlightentenment

1550

During the scientific revolution many discoveries were made and it began to make scholars challenge beliefs on science, religion , and goverment. They used reason, or logic to explain how the world worked, and believed that by using reason you could achieve knowledge, freedom, and happiness. This period was called the Enlightenment which was when people used reason to guide their thoughts about philosophy, society, and politics. Another name for this period is also called the Age of Reason.

21-Enlightenment

Period: 1642 to 1794

1690-John Locke
1748-Charles-Lions Montesquieu
1762-Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1766-Benjamin Franklin
1689-English Bill of Rights
1776-Declaration of Independence
1789-French Revolution

20.1-Europe-Sir Isaac Newton

1687

A English scientist called Isaac Newton was one of the greatest scientists that ever lived. Many of his theories have been so many times that they have been called laws. Gravity was one of his laws which is the force that makes an apple drop from the tree to the the ground. He has 3 other laws called the laws of motion. It explained how objects moved in space. He studied a lot of the physical world.

21.2-Europe-John Locke

1690

John Locke was an English philosopher who had major influence on Enlightenment politics. He published Two Treatises on Goverment, it was about him arguing with the goverment for a contract between the ruler and the people so that the ruler's power would be limited. He also believed everyone should have natural rights like the rights to life, liberty, and property. The goverment should protect its people’s rights and that the people could change the rulers.

21.3-America-Declaration of Independnence

1776

In America, some colonists disliked how the British imposed laws and taxes on them and they believed the king and parliament couldn’t understand how it was to live in America. The colonial leaders met for a meeting called the First Continental Congress to resolve this. The fighting against the British started from April 175 until the colonial leaders met again and Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence that declared the colonies independence from Britain.

Malaysia, Penang, Anna was born

Oct 14, 2004

I was so awesome when I was born a golden lightning shone down from the heavens on me.

(4) Modern day event- Malaysia- Social structure

2017

The Egyptian social structure helped build our government to what it is today be a it was like the foundation.

(6) Modern Day event- Malaysia- Sundial

2017

Our clock was based on the sundial that the Chinses created. The sundial was used to tell the time by using the shadows made by the sundial to tell what time it was, just like our clocks today. The sundial was the earlier version of the clock we know today.

8- Malaysia- English- Modern day event

2017

The Greeks influenced our language by giving us some Greek terms and expressions used in the English language.

9- Modern Day Event- Architect

2017

The Parthenon inspired many great ideas for builders and architects. Many people have built things similar to that in the modern day world. Thanks to the Greeks, we improved out buildings.

10-Modern Event- Checks and Balance

2017

Rome gave us Checks and Balances so our government is equal so no part of the government is higher above everyone else. And so it makes them equal

(5) Modern day connection- math

2017

Thanks to the Indians they created the number zero because without it everything else would be impossible.

12-Malaysia-Modern Day Event

2017

Since Muslim spread so much through trade and conquered lands, now Islam is one of the main religions around the world.

14-Modern Day Event

2017

Thanks to the Song Dynasty they created paper money which is now used worldwide. Luckily we don't have to be carrying bags of metallic coins which were heavy and hard to use. Instead we have paper money which is lightweight and easier to carry around.

11- Modern Day Event- Christianity

2017

If Rome never spread Christianity, the religion wouldn't have been as widely known as it is today.

(3) Modern Day, Malaysia: laws

Aug 24, 2017

Hammurabi's code helped build the foundations for our rules and laws that we have today.

15-Modern Day Event

2018

Since Buddhism changed into different forms for nobles, and the commoners, we now have different forms of Buddhism. So thanks to that those who are Buddhist don’t have to follow long elaborate ritual.

16- Modern Day Event- Observatories

2018

The Mayans built observatories which were buildings that you used to study the sky. Now in the modern day we study the sky using observatories too. They used these to create calendars which our own calendars were based off from

17-Modern Day Connection-Christianity

2018

If Christianity never spread in Europe, the religion would not be as worldwide as it is today. Since Charlemagne and others were such a big factor in the spread of Christianity, making it spread even farther. It created the culture of today Europe

17-Modern Day Connection- Christianity

2018

If Charlemagne and the popes never spread Christianity into Europe, the religion wouldn't be as worldwide as we know it today. You can tell the influence of Christianity in Europe.

18- Modern Day Connection- Gothic Architecture

2018

The Europeans created Gothic Architecture which can be seen to this day. In fact a massive cathedral in Spain called in Sagrada Familia is based on the Gothic Architecture and is still in the making of being built

19-Modern Day event- Gutenberg printing press

2018

Thanks to the Gutenberg printing press, now we can print things easily without having the trouble to have to rewrite everything. Those original presses helped others to improve it so as time goes on it'll be easier and easier to print .

20-Modern Day Connection- Gravity

2018

Thanks to Isaac Newton, we know about gravity. Throughout the years we have advanced in knowing more about the earth and how it moves. We are more knowledgeable because of Isaac Newton's laws of motion and his theories about gravity.

21-Modern Day Connection-Declaration of Independence

2018

If the Declaration of Independence wasn’t made and signed them America would still be a British colony and America wouldn’t exist. The Americans would be British and Dalat wouldn’t even exist.

13-Modern Day Event

2018

Long ago African music was played to celebrate specific events or ceremonies, as long as dancing. Over time it evolved into the blues which shaped other types of music as well.