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From monachy to a republic
After primo de Rivera resignation in 1929, king Alfonso XIII tried to restore normal constitucional order, but the monarchy had seriously damaged by its association with the dictatorship and it no longer had political or social Support. -
Pact and elections
During this year two things happened
First the pact of San Sebastián in august of this year in which he agree to overthrow the monarchy and establish a democratic republican regime, they create a revolutionary committee
And secondly the municipal elections during the 12 of April of 1931, they create the first free elections and a referendum on the monarchy -
Reformist biennium
Niceto Alcalá Zamora was named president of the republic and Manuel Azaña was named president of the government. Ambitious reforms:
- The status of autonomy for Cataluña
-The subordination of the army
- The jesuits were expelled
-The agrarian reforms -
The 1931 constitution
The proclamation of the second Spanish republic was leaded by PSOE and PRR They made changes in: Democratic and progressive features: popular sovereignty, division of powers, declaration of civil rights and collective rights. Secularism: acknowledge the right of any religion and stooped funding catholic religious orders Regionalism: establish status of autonomy Social economy: public interest and workers rights -
The black biennium 1933-1936
Elections were held in November 1933, the anarchists encouraged people not to vote and the right-wing catholic parties were united under the CEDA.
CEDA and PRR won the elections. Alejandro let roux (PRR) was in charge of forming the government.
The Revolution of October 1934: it was a strikers movement by nationalist, anarchist and communist.
-Cataluña declared independent
-Asturias the minors armed a revolt
The government was also hit by a corruption scandal which forced Lernout to resign -
The popular front 1936
New elections were called for February 1936. The left-wing parties joined together to form the popular front coalition. The support of the radicals the right-wing parties grew. They were represented by the Bloque nacional led by Jose Calvo Sotelo, and the Falange Española, a fascist party. Spain was a politically split between right-wing:45% and left-wing: 47% the majority was 60% The president of the republic was Santiago Casares and Francisco Franco was posted to Canary Islands. -
The start of the civil war 1936
The street violence between politically adverse groups was more worrying, with associations and church arson.on 12 July, lieutenant Castillo was murdered by right-wing gunmen and some Castillo colleagues kill the right-wing deputy Calvo Sotelo. The military coup, General Emilio Mola was in charge of organizing the rebellion under the leader Jose Sanjurjo, the rebel coup was supported by carlists and the fascist Falange. The 17 July, Spanish soldiers of Morocco seized control of their garrisons
