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Missouri Compromise
- compromise focused on slavery in the U.S. and how it would be dealt with.
- at the time there was an even number of free and enslaved states, Missouri played as a tie- breaker.
- important because it reduced tension between North and South and delayed Civil War, but also influenced Maine to enter the Union and the Louisiana Purchase.
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Monroe Doctrine
- stated that America would not allow any type of European or foreign people in the West.
- Improved relationship with Great Britain since Revolutionary War.
- Had influence and control over certain parts of Latin America
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Battle of the Alamo
- battle that was based on annexation of Texas from Mexico
- inspired many other states to separate and become independent from other Latin territories.
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Panic of 1837
- Financial crisis in the U.S. that lasted about 3-4 years that led to wages decreasing and unemployment increasing.
- Lead to changes in bank systems
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Trail of Tears
- Part of Indian Removal Act that Jackson issued for many Cherokee Tribes to leave their land and settle in what is now Oklahoma.
- Influenced many native american reservations to arise so that their land is claimed and unable to be taken away.
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Sutter's Fort
- Trade and agricultural colony in Mexican Alta California area. -Oldest fort in the U.S. and was known for gold found nearby
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Pre-Emption Act
- Essentially allowed people who lived on federal government to own up to 160 acres of land before it was offered publicly.
- Helped people get a start on their lives, but also lead to corruption of people illegally taking land.
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Bear Flag Revolt
- group of American settlers rebelled against Mexico to claim California as an independent republic.
- 4 years later California became apart of the Union
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Mexican-American War
- tensions still high from Texas annexation from Mexico
- war was to decide if Texas ended at Rio Grande River (U.S. claim) or if Texas ended at the Neuces River (Mexican claim)
- U.S. received more land and ultimately Mexican influence had a lasting impact on U.S.
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Compromise of 1850
- was a set of laws used to appease North and South tension about slavery.
- provided a solution between slave and free states on the status of territories obtained during the Mexican–American War
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Fugitive Slave Law
- federal laws allowed for capture and return of slaves in U.S. territories.
- this law became unenforceable in the North because of their view on slavery and amount of slaves that were free.
- Many slaves were not effected by this law, but about 300 were and returned back to their Southern owners.
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Gadsden Purchase
- a purchase through treaty of land what is now southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico.
- The Gadsden Purchase secured area for the transcontinental railroad and set the U.S.-Mexican border
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Bleeding Kansas
- debate if slavery should be legal in the state of Kansas
- a war between slavery and anti-slavery
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Dred Scott Decision
- a slave who had lived in the free state of Illinois and the free territory of Wisconsin before moving back to the slave state of Missouri, had appealed to the Supreme Court in hopes of being granted his freedom
- brought attention to slavery and questions citizenship of African Americans
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Harper's Ferry
- John Brown (abolitionist) leads a group to attempt to start an armed slave revolt and destroy the institution of slavery.
- this raid really didn't break an tension between North and South; in fact it furthered motivation for the Civil War
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South Carolina secedes
- convinced that the Republican administration would undermine slavery by putting anti-slavery officials such as judges or military officials in charge
- established Confederacy and lead to Civil War
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Mississippi secedes
- Mississippi Declaration of Succession basically said they would create a union of the states who seceded
- issues with state's rights and high tariffs
- wanted to maintain slavery
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Florida secedes
- also wrote their Ordinance of Secession
- originally wanted to be an independent nation, but soon joined Confederate states
- seceding states wanted to maintain slavery
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Alabama secedes
- declared peace and security was at risk because of President Lincoln's opinions and plans to change slavery
- contributed to creation of Confederacy
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Georgia secedes
- maintain slavery in their state
- add tension and more motivation to start of Civil War
- wanted to create own constitution
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Louisiana secedes
- felt slavery was not incorrect and ultimately threatened by Lincoln
- confederate states just become stronger and more connected
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Texas secedes
- wanted to "protect" the original ideas the founding fathers had
- felt the federal government was not reflecting founding fathers ideologies
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Civil War
- differences between northern and southern states on the idea of slavery, as well as trade, tariffs, and states rights
- secession of southern states only added tension
- unified the United States
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Virginia seceded
- maintain slavery in their state
- capture of Fort Sumter only added tension
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Arkansas seceded
- originally voted not to leave the Union
- tension was only added to Civil War which was almost at an end
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North Carolina secedes
- joined other Southern states to fight for independence
- feared Northern would take away rights to have slaves in South
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Tennessee secedes
- feared Lincoln would do away with slavery
- wanted to become independent and join Confederate states
- citizens of Tennessee were torn on secession even after they seceded
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Emancipation proclamation
- an executive order issued by President Lincoln freeing slaves in all parts of the United States not under Union control (Confederate states)
- lead way to total abolition of slavery and preserving the Union
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Battle of Gettysburg
- Union victory that stopped Confederate General Robert E. Lee's second invasion of the North
- Weakened Confederate army tremendously
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Gettysburg Address
- speech delivered by Lincoln given at Union soldier's cemetery dedicated to those who lost their lives in Battle of Gettysburg during Civil War
- straightforward on giving the essence of the Civil War and introduced a new perspective on how people should view their government
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13th Amendment
- abolished slavery in the United States
- African Americans could now be free and have their own lives and make their own decisions
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14th Amendment
- granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States—including former slaves—and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws"
- slaves are now considered people and have rights that cannot be taken away from anyone
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15th Amendment
- right for citizens to vote cannot be taken away by the U.S. regardless of race, color or if the person was enslaved or free
- this finally gave a voice to more apparent, African Americans who were previously enslaved