-
1830, Isabel II birthday
Fernando IV and Maria Cristina married in 1829 and a year later Isabel was born when the “pragmatic sanction” by Fernando was already published so that Isabel could govern -
1833, Death of Fernando IV
In 1833 Fernando IV died of an illness, so the throne corresponded to Isabel because of the pragmatic sanction but she was only 3 years old, so Maria Cristina was the regent of the throne until Isabel came of age. -
1833, First Carlist war
Carlos María Isidro, brother of Fernando, claimed the throne, with which Spain was divided into two sides, the defenders of Carlos that supported the absolutism and the defenders of Isabel that defended the liberalism, beginning the first Carlist War, from 1833 to 1840, which ended in a public finance crisis. -
1834, Royal Status
In 1834 Maria Cristina promulgated the so-called “Royal Statute”, a Pseudo-Constitution, which due to its liberal nature curtailed the power of the queen but did not mention the rights of citizens, the vote was extremely based on census and the power that the Cortes had was merely advisory. Consequently, this statute did not solve the country's political problems and was a great obstacle to real reforms. -
1836, Uprising of the La Granja Sergeants
In 1836, there was the uprising of the La Granja sergeants who achieved the replacement of the 1812 Constitution and the formation of a progressive government (Mendizabal disentailment), which led to the 1837 Constitution. -
1844, Moderate Decade
In 1843, the support for the uprising of General Narváez, put an end to the Espartero government. Then in 1844 the "moderate decade" began. With changes towards moderantism to maintain social order, dissolving the national militia to create the Civil Guard, electing the Government to the municipal mayors, which was characterized by immense political instability -
1845, Constitution of 1845
After a year, the Constitution of 1845 was established, moderated, paralyzing the confiscations, Catholicism as the only religion and the administration was centralized, with the mayors and public education controlled by the State. -
1856, “NON NATA”
In 1854, due to widespread corruption, the Narváez government fell, and Isabel II called Espartero again, beginning the "Progressive Biennium", drafting a new progressive constitution called "NON NATA", since it was never published. This period was characterized by the confiscations of Madoz, the Railway Law and the creation of the Bank of Spain -
1856, O’Donnell uprising
O'Donnell, a moderate liberal general, staged a coup against the progressive majority in parliament, which brought about the fall of Espartero. O'Donnell was the founder of the "Liberal Union" party, a centralist-eclectic party that tried to unite moderates and progressives. The 1845 Constitution reformed with some more progressive principles was recovered, although it had a very short duration -
1868, Revolution of 1868
The Crown did not know how to solve the political and economic problems of the nation, getting everyone, except the moderates, to unite against the monarchy, and sign the Pact of Ostend that led to the "Glorious" or Revolution of 1868, with the pronouncement of Admiral Topete together with the military uprising of Prim in Cádiz and General Serrano, which caused the queen to flee to France -
1868, The "Revolutionary Six-year Period"
The "Revolutionary Six-year Period" then began, with the formation of the Provisional Government, where General Serrano as head of government developed a democratic implementation process based primarily on free elections for the election of Constituent Cortes, with the participation of all political parties. politicians and in which progressives won the majority -
1869, Constitution of 1869
the new Constitution of 1869 was written, which was the most democratic of the 19th century and finally the formation of a new government with Serrano as regent, and Prim as the new head of government, with the first task of electing a democratic king among the princes Europeans. -
1870, Amadeo of Saboya
In 1870 the Italian Amadeo of Savoy, chosen by Prim, began his democratic reign, with the murder of his faithful ally Prim and the strong opposition of the traditional monarchy, who saw him as a foreign king, which caused great political instability that it prevented him from modernizing the country and led him to abdicate after two years of reigning. -
1873, First Republic
The First Republic was proclaimed in 1873, the country's situation was critical and aside, they did not agree on establishing a unitary republic, in favor of a highly centralized power, or federal, which was finally elected. During this year they governed the Republic; Figueras, Pi i Margall, Salmeron and finally Castelar -
1874, Alfonso XII
In 1874, General Serrano began to preside over a year of transition in which a kind of concentrated republican dictatorship with a conservative spirit was promoted. Finally, on December 9, 1874, General Martínez Campos, after a military pronouncement, proclaimed Alfonso XII as king.