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The Creation of Axum as a City-State
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Trading States of East Africa
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The introduction of the camel, brought about the gradual revolution in trade, and fro the first time, the extensive gold, ivory, and salt resources of the region could be sent north and east to population centers in North Africa, the Middle East and Europe in exchange for manufactured goods.
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Imperial examination system perfected. Liberal attitude towards all regions, spread of Buddhism in China. Golden Age of foreign relations with other countries, Japan, Korea, Persia. New technologies pricing, porcelain, gunpowder, mechanical clocks. More cosmopolitan culture. Reestablished the safety of the Silk Road. Tea comes into China form Southeast Asia.
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Had the "Land Equalization" system: land redistribution. Unified coinage. Grand Canal constructed. Also established an army of professional soldiers. The people were overworked and overtaxed.
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Established China's first empire. The legalist ruled, bureaucratic administration, centralized control, military expansion, books burning targeting Confucianists, also buried protestors alive! Built a large section the Great Wall.
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Paper invented (105 B.C.E). Silk Read trade develops; improves life for many. Buddhism introduced into China. Also expanded into Central Asia.
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He started public schools, colonized Manchuria, Korea, and Vietnam. Had the civil service system.
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9 crusades
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Aibak was the first ruler and his son Aram Shah was chosen as the second ruler, but when his daughter married Iltmish, Iltmish kills Aram. Then he has multiple sons and a daughter called Razia. He choose his daughter to become the Sultan, which had never happened before because she was a female and female are not suppose to have power, she tried everything to get the people on her side and made the country better but was later thrown off as Sultan and her brother took over.
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The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for its wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa who in the 13th year of his reign went out on a famous pilgrimage to Mecca. He had 60,000 men accompany him and he also brought 80 camels loaded with 300 pounds of gold each.
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Alauddin proclaimed himself as the sultan, he kept the Mongrals out, he also changed the government, bye creating a spy system to keep an eye on the nobles, and cracked down on the nobles, he also reformed the military by bringing horses.
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By 1300 Europeans were farming almost all the land they could cultivate. The population crisis developed. Climate changes in Europe produced three year of crop failures between 1315-17 because of excessive rain/ As many as 15% of the peasants in some English villages died. One consequence of starvation & poverty was susceptibility to disease.
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Move the capital city to another city and didn't like it so moved it back to where it was originally. Then tried to change the copper coin to silver, but then fake money started happening. They also raised taxes. The Mongrels ended this Dynasty
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1/3 of the population of Europe died. The Mortality Rate 35%-70%, 25,000,000 dead!!
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Almost the exact same thing as the tughlaq dynasty did they did.
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Almost the exact same thing as the tughlaq dynasty did they did.
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It was a precolonial African state centered in eastern Mali. From he early 15th to the late 16th century, it was one of the largest African empires in history. Its capital was the city of Gao. Its base of power was on the bend of the Niger River. When sunni Ali came to power, it was a small kingdom in western Sudan, but during his twenty-eight-year reign, it grew into the largest, most powerful empire in West Africa. Also created education. The Morocco invaded it and had firearms so they won.
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