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14th Amendment
Rights of citizenship, due process of law, and equal protection of the law. The 14th amendment has become one of the most used amendments in court to date regarding the equal protection clause. -
Tuskegee Institute created
A historically black university, was founded by Booker T Washington in 1881. Booker T Washington recruited the best teachers such as George Washington Carver. Promoted Booker T’s main goal of promoting higher education for black students. Booker T served as it’s principle until his death in 1915 -
Plessy v. Ferguson
In 1890, the state of Louisiana passed a law that made two different train cars for black and white citizens. To rebel against this racism, a group of African Americans elected Homer Aldoph Plessy, a man of mostly caucasian descent but one-eighth black, to buy a ticket to ride on the white train car. When caught, the supreme court rule that these services have the right to separate races because the services were “separate yet equal” -
NAACP created
The National Association of Advancement for Colored People, was created in 1909 by civil rights leaders of the time. In the 1910s and 1920s the NAACP focused their attention on anti-lynching campaigns. In the civil rights movement, the NAACP promoted civil rights for african americans by organizing protest, supporting civil rights cases, and lobbied for civil rights laws to be passed -
19th Amendment
In the 1800s, women weren’t allowed to vote or own property or have jobs. In the 1910s protests popped up all over America advocating for women’s rights. The first step in the right direction was the 19th amendment that stated that no voting rights shall be restricted by the gender of a person. This was passed in the 1920s and was one of the first cases of civil rights being given to a group of people other than white males -
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) proposed
The Equal Rights Amendment was proposed in 1971 of the momentum of the feminism movement in the 1960s. The amendment was to be passed in 1979 but the equal rights movement was attacked by the conservative, religious groups and the amendment never received the 38 state required votes in time -
Brown v. Board of Education
In 1954 Oliver Brown filed a lawsuit against the Topeka, Kansas board of education for the denial of his daughter's rejection of admittance into the local white elementary school because of her race. Brown claimed that it violated the 14th amendment that stated that “all laws are to be equally distributed”. The court ruled the separation of races in school as unconstitutional as not all separate institutes were equal. This challenged the ruling of Plessy V Ferguson -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Took place from December 5th, 1955 to December 20th, 1956. This Boycott started when Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat to a white citizen on the bus. The bus boycott was led by a 26 year old Martin Luther King Jr. On December 20th 1956, buses were finally integrated to include all races. However this law was met with bombings of black churches, african americans’ homes, and even shootings at bus stops -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) formed
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference was formed in 1957 alongside the Montgomery Improvement Association from the Bus Boycott from 1955-1957. The SCLC helped organize civil rights protests through marches, gatherings, and peaceful protests. Meetings were held in churches and many leaders were ministers and other church leaders -
Little Rock 9
Due to the verdict of Brown v Board of Education, on the first day of school nine black students enrolled into the all white school of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Governor Orval Faubus called the national guard to stop the nine students from entering the school. President Dwight D. Eisenhower called federal troops to escort the nine students into the school in response to Governor Orval Faubus. -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was created after the success of the Greensboro sit-ins. The SNCC help advocate for civil rights by helping organize the Freedom rides and the March on Washington and by creating the term Black Power to push for black nationalism -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed
A movement of art on walls of city buildings, churches, and schools in order to increase latino and hispanic american pride. These murals often depicted latino heritage and social issues. The goal of the art was to establish a cultural identity and challenge the racism happening in the 1960s. -
Greensboro, NC Sit-ins
On February 1, 1960, four college students sat down at a lunch table that was supposed to be segregated. The restaurant refused service to the four students but the four refused to give up their seats. Police soon showed up but were unable to arrest the men. The protest sparked more Sit-ins across america to protest segregated rights -
Freedom Riders
A series of white and african american civil rights activists that rode buses all across the american south and used white only bathrooms and sat at white only lunch counters at bus stops. These bus riders were met with violence and arrests. On May 14, 1961 in Anniston, Alabama, a bus full of these Freedom Riders was surrounded by a mob of 200 and was attacked by a firebomb -
Cesar Chavez
Cesar Chavez was a nonviolent civil right activist that would advocate better working conditions for farmworkers. Cesar, after working as a migrant worker himself with his family, founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962. As a form of protest he would lead marches, boycotts, and hunger strikes. -
Dr. King’s: “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”
MLK was arrested in his Birmingham campaign where he marched into a police wagon. While in jail MLK wrote a letter that responded to the criticism he and the civil rights movement was facing backlash. He would state that the civil rights movement is completely justified because of the amount of civil injustice that has been in place in the south -
March on Washington: “I have a dream” speech
The March on Washington of 1963 ended in MLK’s I have a dream speech. The speech was heard by around 250,000 audience members. The effectiveness of the speech had to do with the references to the bible and constitution as well as the vision of the future. This speech was broadcasted all across the nation. -
Black Panthers
The Black Panthers were a radical group that aimed to combat police brutality. The group was notorious for arming its members with weapons. Members also wore black leather jackets and berets. The group fell however from internal tension and lack of support due to the violent tactics. -
American Indian Movement (AIM)
The American Indian Movement was a civil rights movement founded in 1968 to give equal rights to native americans. The initial goal of AIM was to help natives get out of ghettos who were at first displaced by the american government. Later on the group also tried to help out economically with people with native descent as well as increasing cultural pride and identity. -
Sandra Day O’Connor appointed to the Supreme Court
Sandra Day O’Connor was appointed as Supreme Court Justice by president Ronald Regan on September 25, 1981. O’Connor became the first ever female Justice in the Supreme Court and served from 1981 to he retirement in 2006. -
Sonia Sotomayor appointed to the Supreme Court
In May of 2009, Sonia Sotomayor was appointed as Supreme Court Justice by president Barack Obama. This marked the first time a hispanic and latina Justice was put into the position of Supreme Court Justice.
