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1954-1975 Timeline APUSH by cmh067
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McCarthy Army Hearings Begin
Fear of communism was rampant during Eisenhower's presidency. Joseph McCarthy notably accused Americans of being communist, going so far as to accuse the military, which led to the McCarthy Army Hearings.
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Brown v. board of Education
In the Brown v. Board of Education case, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled segregation unconstitutional. This ruling overturned the previous Plessy v. Ferguson ruling and was a milestone in the fight for Civil Rights.
[info](Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006)I
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Operation Wetback
Thousands of illegal immigrants from Mexico were rounded up and forced across the border during Eisenhower's administration. This operation was partly promoted by the Mexican government.
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
With Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat and subsequent arrest, the Montgomery Bus Boycott kicked off. For 381 days, African Americans refused to use Montgomery's local transportation in a protest against the unlawfulness of segregation. Martin Luther King Jr. gained prominence with his leadership during this event.
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Eisenhower Re-elected as President
Eisenhower was re-elected in 1956 over his democratic adversary, Adlai Stevenson. He won with a great majority in both popular vote and the electoral college.
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Little Rock, Arkansas Desegregation Crisis
On September 4th, 1957, nine African American students attempted to enter a high school in Little Rock, Arkansas. This move to claim the right to integration began the Little Rock desegregation crisis as the students met with rioting crowds, violent protest, and bullying for several years.
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Kennedy Elected President
John F. Kennedy, the democratic candidate, beat the former vice president, Nixon, in the 1960 election. This was the first election to hold a televised debate between the presidential candidates, a tradition that has been maintained ever since.
href='http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pqo01' >info</a>
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Begin Funding for Moon Landing
Kennedy delivered a speech about the importance of funding space exploration and the U.S. need to land a man on the moon. Many thought the $24 billion project a waste of money, but competition with the soviets was fierce and had even led to an educational policy focusing on math and science.
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Children's Crusade in Birmingham
On May 4th African American children joined the civil rights movement, leaving school to march through the streets of Birmingham. Hundreds were arrested and later brutalized with fire hoses and police dogs. Martin Luther King Jr. used children in the march since they were not economic liabilities, but many criticized him for encouraging them to partake in the violent movement.
http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h
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Firing on the Buddhist Demonstrators
Diem was a leader of South Vietnam who was originally supported by the United States. On May 8, 1963, members of the Diem administration fired on and killed Buddhist demonstrators, leaving the U.S. disillusioned with the Diem administration. This was one factor that led to the eventual coup, supported by the U.S., to overthrow Diem.
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Civil Rights March on Washington
Over 200,000 black and white demonstrators, led by Martin Luther King Jr., marched on Washington in a peaceful protest against inequality. Several speeches were given including the famous "I have a dream" speech delivered by Martin Luther King Jr.
[info](Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006)
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The Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution
The twenty-fourth amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolished the poll tax. Used to prevent African Americans from voting, the poll tax was limiting the basic right of the American citizen to vote. With the twenty-fourth amendment, the "Freedom Summer" of African American voter registration began in the South, despite the violence that this provoked.
[photo](Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
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Johnson Elected President
Lyndon B. Johnson was elected president in the 1964 election, beating out the republican candidate, Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona. Johnson won in a landslide due to Great Society promises, the Kennedy legacy, and fear of Goldwater's radical policies.
[info](Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006)
<ahref='http://ourpresidents.tumblr.com/post/33781321032/campaign-slogans-1964-all-the-way-with-lbj' >photo</a> -
The Free Speech Movement
Mario Savio spoke to a crowd of student on the campus at Berkeley calling for freedom of speech for all Americans. It was the first of many large student mobilizations around the country. Youth also propelled a sexual revolution, the hippy era, and the gay pride movement.
[photo](Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edit
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Voting Rights Act
Signed by President Johnson on August 6, the Voting Rights Act was written to enforce the right to vote of the American citizen. The Voting Rights Act outlawed literacy tests for voter registration, a practice that was adopted frequently in the South to limit African American voting rights.
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Tet Offensive
North Vietnamese forces launched an unexpected offensive against the U.S. troops in the South, attacking 27 key cities. One motive for the offensive was to discourage U.S. support of Saigon, the Southern capital.
[info](Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006)
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The Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr, a prominent civil rights leader known for several famous speeches and his promotion of nonviolence, was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. He was shot by a sniper while on the balcony of a hotel.
[info](Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006)
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Nixon Elected President
Republican candidate Richard M. Nixon won the 1968 campaign against Hubert H Humphrey.With the democrats divided between Humphrey, McCarthy, and Kennedy (who was assassinated before the election) as well as the Independent Party's candidate, Wallace, and antiwar demonstrations, he beat Humphrey, his nearest opponent, by a decent margin in the electoral college.
[photo](Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pagean
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Kent State Killing
Four unarmed student were shot and killed by the National Guard while participating in anti-war demonstrations. The event took place at Kent State University in Ohio, and marked a low point in the relationship between the U.S. government and anti-war protestors.
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Nixon is Re-elected
Despite the continuation of the unpopular Vietnam war, Nixon was re-elected in 1972 by a very wide margin against his democratic opponent George McGovern. Nixon won with 520 electoral votes to McGovern's 17.
[info](Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006)
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Paris Peace Agreement
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Milliken v, Bradley
On July 25th, the Supreme Court ruled that desegregation could not require transferring students to schools across district lines in the Milliken v. Bradley court case. This led to an increase in "white flight" and pushed more difficult desegregation processes onto the least prosperous school districts.
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Watergate, Nixon's Impeachment, and Ford
After the discovery of burglars stealing information in the Watergate hotel, a long investigation was conducted to discover Nixon's involvement in the scandal. On August 8, 1974 Nixon resigned and was soon pardoned by the new President Ford.
[info](Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006)
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