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Height of Atlantic Slave Trade
During the 18th century, many goods and resources were obtained through Europe through the Atlantic Slave Trade. Many African people were sold to labor in European colonies for European goods, such as guns, which in turn provided Europe with resources, such as sugar. European nations made tremendous amounts of money, growing their nations economies substantially. However, this terrible system led to the mass populations of enslaved peoples throughout the world. -
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War of Spanish Succession
The War was a wide-spread European power conflict that included many influential nations. Spain remained a global power with a great variety of territories despite it having been weakened by over a century of continuous conflict. In order for it to maintain their independence and the majority of their empire, Spain had to cede the Spanish Netherlands and many Italian possessions. The Dutch Republic ended the war effectively bankrupt, and Britain replaced them as the dominant commercial power. -
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The First Great Awakening
This series of Christian revivals spread rapidly across Great Britain and the 13 colonies, emphasizing individualism and religious devotion. While it united many evangelicals, it also created tension between its supporters and its opponents. Socially, it gave women a significantly greater amount of independence and influence. It also led to the creation of Black congregations and churches. -
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The Seven Years War
The Seven Years War was a battle between great Britain and France in the New World over American territory. It resulted in the further opposition of the two nations and their respective allies. Economically, France's trade greatly declined following the War. With the decline in trade, many resorted to smuggling, creating further conflict within Europe. -
British Industrial Revolution
The British Industrial Revolution was the rise of an economy built around manufacturing and industrial work during the 1800s. Many people began to cluster in cities and work in factories. Family life was changed and the population began to grow. The revolution eventually spread throughout many other countries through Great Britain's global influence. -
Intolerable Acts
The Stamp Act was passed by Great Britain in order to impose a direct tax on their American colonists. Economically, this act along with many similar to it provided the mother country with a significant amount of money, much of which was used to pay off war debts from the Seven Years War. Socially, colonists were beginning to feel unjustly treated by England, which eventually led to the American Revolution. As the colonists were divided from England, England lost much of their economic power. -
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American Revolutionary War
The Revolutionary War was fought between Great Britain and their American Colonies. It resulted in the formation of the United States and the decline in power and influence of Great Britain. Economically Great Britain lost major trade routes and financial income that they had been getting from their colonies. They were forced to become more dependent on their European allies for goods or their other colonies not located in the Americas. -
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The French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of great economic and political change. It resulted in the decline in power of French nobility. It pushed for ideals of democracy and protected rights of the people, which were growing social changes around the world. It also grew French nationalism and spread the idea of pride for one's country across Europe. -
First Successful Smallpox Vaccine
The first smallpox vaccine was also the first vaccine created in general. It led to advancements in medicine and healthcare. With increased health came increased life expectancies and levels of well-being. Eventually, as people were able to work longer, nations' economies benefited, as well. -
Irish Rebellion
The Irish Rebellion was an uprising against British rule in Ireland. It ultimately failed, as Britain shut it down using military force. However, it marked an important change in history which consisted of Irish society longing more passionately for independence. It also led to the decline in British power when Ireland did gain independence in the future.