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Period: to
1790's to 1850's
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Rhode Island
Rhode island is admitted as a state in the United states on May 29, 1790. -
Second Great Awakening.
Spurred a christianity spike in the slaves, founding of the first African American Baptist and Methodist churches in 1794. Richard Allen formed the African Methodist Episcopal. Slave owners encouraged christianity, so that their slaves would be peaceful. But the blacks held secret services other than white ones, mixing in their culture, like songs and dancing. -
Vermont
Vermont admitted into the Unites states in 1791. -
Kentucky
Kentucky admitted as a state in the U.S in 1792. -
Cotton is King
Cotton was America's largest cash crop, now surpassing tabacco. It contributed for 60% of America's exports by the Civil War, nearly $200 million a year. No one dared to make war against cotton, Henry Hamond of South Carolina boasted, Cotton is King. It started in 1793 and ended about the Civil War era. -
Cotton gin invented
The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney in order for cotton to be produced more, by removing the cotton from the seeds. By doing this, productivity increased from 1 pound a day to 50. Cotton became a huge crop. -
Tenessee
Tenessee admitted as a state to the U.S. in 1796. -
Gabriel Prosser's revolt gone wrong.
Gabriel hoped to cause a revolt in Virginia, but it postponed from rain. His master figured out his plans and sent the militia on him. He almost escpaped, but was caught by a fellow slave for a reward. -
U.S. ends participation in slave trade.
The U.S., having abolished slavery in the north, official ends their slave trade. The south have to rely on natural increase- births in the population; some slaves were still smuggled in. The population grew from 700,000 in 1790 to 4 million in 1860. Slave community increased because of plantation usage.
55% of slaves worked with cotton, 15% with domestic work, 10% with rice, sugar, and hemp, 10% in tabacco and 10% in mining, industry, lumbering and construction. -
Alabama Fever
After the War of 1812, southerners started migrating to western Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. It doubled the population of Alabama, and the people made homes there. -
Slave migration to lower South
In order to feed the economy, the south was dependent on a slave force. Upper south men found it profitable to sell their slaves to the lower south planters. This was the internal slave trade. Nearly half the slave population were migrated into the lower south between 1820 and 1850. (Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia, and Tennessee.) -
Slave Traders- Alexander McDonald
Slave traders, althought thought of a hard and mean, actually were held in respect as community. Alexander McDonald was an alderman and a bank president. Slaves were parted from their families in order to make profit, not for necessity. -
Gang system of Labor
75% of slaves were field workers, and were ganged up to groups of about 20 to 25 to work the fields. Year round work, planting in April, cleaning through June and harvest from August to december. A day was sun up to sundown, 18 days in the summer and 10 hours in winter. Strong hands were worth 1,000. The elderly were revered, taking care of small children, and honored by slave owners who clothed them till they died. -
House servants
Nearly 1/3 of female slaves in Virginia worked as house servants. House serving was generally less hard labor and were clothed and fed better and were housed in the house. They didn't like it though, because of white supervision everywhere. Out of all the slaves, house servants were the ones who were the most eager to flee. -
A society with slaves turns into a slave society.
The south, in the ever growing cotton trade and northern industry, took in more slaves then ever before, knowing slaves could handle the brutal conditions of working a cotton field. The south remained mostly rural, by choice, but this hurt their political dominance by population. the Nullification Crisis. Took place sometimes between 1800's and the 1850's. -
Sold "Down the River"- A second Middle Passage
Slaves who were sold down Southwest (western Georgie, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas and Texas), was a horrid experience. They arrived by the Miss. River and were sold to slavers who had them work back breaking deeds. The migration cause a tenstion. -
Nat Turner's Revolt
Nat Turner and some slaves rebelled in Virginia, killing about 50-60 white people and freeing the slaves. He escaped militia and lived by hiding. Militia killed 56 slaves who were involved. It was the biggest revolt ever seen in the south. -
Britain emancipation of slaves
Britain frees all of its slaves in the empire and in the Carribeans. -
Charleston crowd burns abilitionist literature.
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"Gag rule"
A rule passed by Congress barring discusion of antislavery petitions. -
Indian Migration
Because of the southern migration, indian population had to move, again. After the Horseshoe bend battle of 1814, indians traveled on the Trail of Tears in 1838 to Indian Territory, -
Slave Population Increase
Black birth rate grew, but infant mortality was higher than whites. Pregnant women were worked hard and inadequetly nourished. British actress Kemble was astonished at this but did nothing. Slaves were constantly sick, but owners did not understand it was because of how they treated them. -
James Henry Hammon
As anti-slavery as James was, he turned and stated that slavery was not evil and was needed for the cotton industry. -
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman, an escaped slave from Maryland, helped slaves to escape, rescuing 300 in all in her lifetime. She served as a scout, spy and nurse during the Civil War. -
William Gregg- Textile Mill in South Carolina
