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Haitian Revolution
A successful insurrection by self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue, now the sovereign state of Haiti. Led by Toussaint L'overture -
Congress of Cúcuta 1821
The Congress of Cúcuta was a constituent assembly where the nation of Gran Colombia was created. The Congress elected Simón Bolívar and Francisco de Paula Santander president and vice-president, respectively. Bolívar was instrumental in the Latin American independence movements. -
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First Opium War
A series of military engagements fought between the British Empire and the Qing dynasty of China. The immediate issue was the Chinese enforcement of their ban on the opium trade by seizing private opium stocks from merchants - from which the British demanded compensation. -
Treaty of Nanjing
The Treaty of Nanking was an unequal treaty between Great Britain and the Qing dynasty of China to end the First Opium War. It essentially allows Europeans to open new trading ports and allowed the trade of opium to continue. -
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Taiping Rebellion
The civil war in China between the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. It begins as a peasant revolt due to internal economic problems and food shortages facing China. -
Sepoy Rebellion 1857
The major uprising of Indian soldiers in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company. -
Crown Rule in India
In the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British Government nationalised the East India Company. The British government took over its Indian possessions, its administrative powers and machinery, and its armed forces because of the regions lucrative markets and natural resources. British viceroys now work with local Indian princes to govern the subcontinent -
Restoration of the Emperor - Japan
Called the Meiji Restoration; Emperor Meiji starts a political movement in Japan that uses western influence to update their military, foreign policy, and constitution. -
Berlin Conference
Meeting at which the major European powers negotiated and formalized claims to territory in Africa, despite the cultural and ethnic diversity of the African people. -
Founding of the "Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company" (Abir Company))
A company that exploited natural rubber in the Congo Free State, the private property of King Leopold II. The congolese people were forced to meet certain quotas and could be executed, or mutilated, if the quota was not met. -
"The White Man's Burden"
Rudyard Kipling's poem is published in British newspapers to help justify colonization practices. The Europeans believed that they had a responsibility to teach colonized peoples western values. -
The "Open Door Note"
In order to prevent circumstances identical to the Scramble for Africa, the Note asked the powers to keep China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis. It called upon all powers, within their spheres of influence to permit Chinese authorities to collect tariffs on an equal basis, and to show no favors to their own nationals in the matter of harbor dues or railroad charges. -
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Boxer Rebellion
Anti-western uprising of local populations, including the secret group - the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists; Hence, the "Boxer Rebellion" (a name given by the English). The Eight-Nation Alliance, a group of European nations with interests in the area was able to put down the rebellion, leaving China open to the west.