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Indentured Servants
The English employed African Americans as indentured servants because they wanted to settle in America and they needed food. The black knew how to grow food such as rice. -
Domestic Servants
Since African Americans came to the U.S., the white made them work as slaves. In addition to cultivation, they did housework for the white. -
at Tobacco Plantation
To make money and create important market in Europe, tobacco was used as product and African Americans worked at tobacco plantation. -
at Rice Plantation
As indentured servants, African Americans grew rice. The demand of rice was increasing and the white started rice plantation. Then they were forced to work. -
at Cotton Plantation
The Industrial Revolution broke out in England. The U.S. also needed cotton for the domestic industrial development. They needed many employees so that African Americans were used. Later, the word "cotton is king" was widespread. -
at Sugar Plantation
Based on the demand of sugar, African Americans started working at sugar plantation. -
Carpenters
African American men worked as carpenters. Power was needed and carpentry work was hard. Such work was mainly for African Americans.
Reference: Narrative of the Life by Frederick Douglass -
Soldiers
Before the Civil War was over, African Americans also wanted to fight for their freedom. They decided to apply for the army such as the United States Colored Troops. -
at Railroad company
since Great Migration started, African Americans were looking for jobs in the North. The railroad companies were developing there at that time. Then they started applying for them and working. -
at Garment Trade
American Women were working for garment factories. African American women too. -
in Factory Line
The U.S. needed much more stuff for World War I. They worked for industrial companies and were in factory line such as automobile factory. -
as the Board of Aldermen and Assembly of New York
Republicans James C. Thomas Jr. and Edward Johnson became the first African Americans as the Board of Aldermen and Assembly of New York. It means that the political participation made progress.
Reference: RTTP -
a Waitress at Negro Cafe
The point is that Moody's mother was working at Negro café, not white café. It could be said that the employment was also segregated, not always.
Reference: Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody -
Professional Baseball Player
Jackie Robinson was the first professional baseball player in the U.S. It encouraged African Americans to play sports as professionals. -
Janitors
Reference: Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody -
Furniture Store
Although the business was already started before in 1952, the year was confirmed in his book.
African Americans could own their store.
Reference: THE Autobiography of Malcolm X by Alex Haley and Malcolm X -
At Chiken factory
African American men and women worked at chicken factory. The factory was locked because the employees could not escape and the working condition was not good.
Reference: Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody -
As the Head of the Department of Housing and Urban Development
Robert C. Weaver became the first African American cabinet member. His political participation, especially in cabinet, was one of successful events for African Americans.
Reference: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/johnson-appoints-first-african-american-cabinet-member -
At Congress from Georgia
Andrew Young was the first African American to be elected to Congress from Georgia.
Reference: http://www.myblackhistory.net/Andrew_Young.htm -
As Ambassador to the UN
Andrew Young became the first African American ambassador to the UN, too. His work encouraged the world to grapple with racial problems.
Reference: http://www.myblackhistory.net/Andrew_Young.htm -
As President of the U.S.
Barack Obama was inaugurated as president of the U.S. Even It cannot be said that discrimination based on race is gone, the event is one of the proof that African Americans can become whoever they want to be.
