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Jan 1, 1556
Charles V retired throne
Charles V retires to monastery, his son Philip II becomes ruler of Spain -
Jan 1, 1558
Philip II claimed French throne
In the name of his daughter, laid claim to the throne of France. -
Jan 1, 1560
Religious Wars Begin
Religious wars begin in France, Protestant ideas took root, many French Calvinists fled -
Jan 1, 1567
Philip II sends governor to Netherlands
Philip II sends a new governor, the Duke of Alva, to the Netherlands with 20,000 Spanish soldiers. he was sent to supress religious and political dissidents by establishing a Council of Troubles. -
Jan 1, 1569
Philip II puts down revolt
Philip II put down the revolt of the Moriscos (converted Muslims) in Spain. -
Jan 1, 1571
Battle against the Turks
Spain joins with Ventians and others to battle against the Turks, at Lepanto off the coast of Greece. -
Jan 1, 1572
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Catholic leaders of FFrance, with the advice of the pope and Philip II, decided to stop the Huguenots (French Protestants). 3000+ were seized and executed on the night before St. Bartholomew's Day in Paris. -
Jan 1, 1576
Anti-Spanish Meeting
Representatives of the 17 provinces met and put aside religion, instead deciding to force out the Spanish at any cost. -
Jan 1, 1576
Don Juan becomes Governor General
Don Juan (half-brother of Philip II) becomes governor general of the Netherlands. -
Jan 1, 1578
Don Juan's Death
Don Juan dies, succeeded by the prince of Parma. -
Jan 1, 1579
Union of Utrecht formed
Prince of Parma rallied the southmoust provinces to his side, and the seven northern provinces (led by Holland and Zeeland) formed the Union of Utrecht. -
Jan 1, 1580
Philip II inherits Portugal
Inherits Portugal -
Jan 1, 1581
Union of Utrecht declares independence
Declares independence from the king of Spain, calling themselves the United Provinces of the Netherlands, A.K.A the Dutch Republic. -
Troops sent to Netherlands
Queen Elizabeth sends 6000 English troops to the Netherlands, under the command of the Earl of Leicester. -
Mary Stuart executed
After 20 years of imprisonment, Mary Stuart executed. -
Spanish ships cut off
The armada catolica set sail with 130 ships, carrying 30,000 men and 2,400 pieces of artillery to attack the Netherlands. Met in the English Channel by about 200 English vessels, defeated the Spanish -
Philip II dies
The war continued even after his death. -
Dutch East India Company
The Dutch East India Company organized, had more sea access with the Spanish gone. -
Period: to
Cervantes
Cervantes wrote Don Quixote, in two parts. -
Twelve Years' Truce
Twelve Years' Truce decided, the Netherlands were partitioned, and those who formed the Union were known as the Dutch -
Economic Decline
After Philip II dies, economy slows from the inflation, tax increase, emigration, and depopulation. 400 looms operated in 1621, compared to 16,000 operating a century before
