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1556
Ivan the Terrible
Ivan the Terrible, who in 1556, had focused on obtaining more power and land for Russia. He had greatly expanded Russia's territory in his rule. -
Spain Attacks England
In 1588, Philip II had attacked England with his armada. Elizabeth I had fought back with their own armada, which won due to the smaller size and higher mobility. -
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes was a document enacted by King Henry IV in 1598, which allowed religious tolerance of Huguenots. -
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Cardinal Richelieu
Cardinal Richelieu had become a bishop in 1607, and became a minister in 1624. After his death Cardinal Mazarin. -
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Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years War lasted from 1618 to 1648, it was a religious war that had affected Europe by tipping its balance. Before the Thirty Years War, Catholicism had dominated Europe with no rivals until the Protestants grew. -
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English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell was a military commander who had led the side of Parliament in winning the English Civil War, which lasted from 1642-1649. -
Peace of Westphalia
While attempting to satisfy the Protestants with the Peace of Augsburg, they left out Calvinism which was the primary cause of the war. The peace of Westphalia was signed in 1648 ending the war. -
King Charles I
England became the first Country to have its own ruler executed by its people. King Charles I was executed in 1649. -
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English Restoration
In 1660-1688, England had gone through the process of restoring Parliament, and establishing its power. This was further supported by the English Bill of Rights in 1689. -
Peter the Great
Peter the Great in 1682, became the ruler of Russia. He had focused his entire life on modernizing Russia. -
Glorious Revolution
In 1688, England had experienced its “Glorious Revolution”, which earned its name by being peaceful . James II had been replaced by William and Mary, which created a new relationship between the monarch and Parliament. -
Louis XIV
The Edict of Nantes had ended the French Wars of Religion, however, in 1685 Louis XIV revoked the it. Louis XIV was known as the Sun King, because he believed France revolved around him. -
Toleration Act
The Toleration Act of 1689 was created by Parliament to grant protestants the ability to practice their religions. -
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Spanish Successoin
A war that arose from Spain due to the deceased King Charles II not having an official heir to the throne. -
St. Petersburg
Later in 1703, Peter the Great built St. Petersburg later in his rule near what he called “The Window to the West”.
