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Abraham Lincolns Assassination
Abraham Lincoln’s assassination in April 1865 left Andrew Johnson, to complete the complex process of incorporating former Confederate states back into the Union after the Civil War and establishing former enslaved people as free and equal citizens. -
13th amendment
The 13th amendment abolished slavery in the U.S. It states that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." -
Southern States Decline
Despite the resistance of the Southern states, the Union Army's presence in the former Confederate states guaranteed their compliance with Congress's need that they ratify the 13th and 14th Amendments in order to be represented in Congress again. -
Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act of 1866, Congress was using the authority given it to enforce the newly ratified 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery, and protect the rights of Black Americans. -
Proposal
The House Joint Resolution proposed the 14th amendment to the constitution. -
Southern states ratification
Louisiana and South Carolina voted to ratify the 14th Amendment which makes up the needed 3/4 majority. -
Ratification
The 14th Amendment was declared, in a certificate of the Secretary of State, ratified by 28 of the 37 states which is what was necessary for it to be approved, and became part of the supreme law of the land. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
The Supreme Court delivered their verdict to the classy v. Ferguson. They declared separate-but-equal facilities constitutional on intrastate railroads, the Court ruled that the protections of 14th Amendment applied only to political and civil rights, not social rights. -
Brown v. Board of Education
There was an argument made that segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was marked unconstitutional. -
Ohio Ratification
Ohio finally passed the 14th amendment. There was a copy sent to the United States president, the OH delegation, and each of the governors.