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Indian Appropriation Acts
The Indian Appropriation Acts were many acts under the same name. The first act would moved Indian tribes on to reservations which were protected by the government. The second act would say that no Indian tribe that is in the US would be recognized as an independent nation. The third act would allow Indian tribes and individuals to sell their own land. The fourth act would open unassigned lands to the white settlers to claim under tenets of the Homestead Act. -
Homestead Act
The Homestead Act was passed in 1862 opening up settlement in the western side of the United States. The Homestead Act would allowed Americans who had a family including slaves to claim federal land. They would be able to qualify for the 160 acres of federal land as long as they intended on becoming a citizen or lived on the land for five years. After the Civil War, about 15,000 homestead claims had been established. The Homestead Act would quicken western settlement. -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie would be have a life of rag-to-riches being born into modest circumstances. Carnegie's education would have ended when he left Scotland and became a bobbin boy earning $1.20 a week. Carnegie would later rise to the position of division superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad. He would invest in the steel industry and became a major philanthropist. Carnegie co-founded his first steel company and would create a steel empire. Carnegie would also start the Bessemer process. -
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Cornelius Vanderbilt was a descendant Dutch settler with his parents as farmers. Vanderbilt would become a wealthy businessman who owned a commercial steamboat service. He went from shipping to the railroad industry and owned a number of railroad lines that created an inter regional. He made the use of steel more popular with the transcontinental railroad that would lower costs of and have increased efficiency. Vanderbilt was also known as a robber baron. -
Vertical Integration
Vertical integration would be pioneered by Andrew Carnegie who controlled most of the steel process . Vertical integration is when you combine into one organization, all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing. This makes supplies more reliable and improved efficiency. It controlled the quality of the product at all stages of production. Vertical integration helps to increase that company's or entity's power in the marketplace. It was desired because it secured items needed to produce. -
Transcontinental Railroad
The Transcontinental Railroad would be made from many companies that would connect railroads from the eastern and western side of the nation. The two companies that would work on the railroad were Union Pacific that worked in the east and the Central Pacific that started in the west. The Transcontinental railroad would be completed at Promontory, Utah. The railroad would aid America by providing faster communication, business, travel, and building new towns. -
John Rockefeller
John Rockefeller was a man who started from meager beginnings and eventually created an oil empire by monopolizing it. In Ohio in 1870 he organized the Standard Oil Company. By 1877 he controlled around 90% of all of the refineries in the United States. It achieved important economies both home and abroad by it's large scale methods of production and distribution. Critics accused him of predatory pricing to eliminate competitors. He would donate more than $500 mil as a philanthropist. -
Battle of Little Bighorn
The Battle of Little Bighorn would be led by Colonel George Custer who would lead 600 men against the Lakota Sioux. The leaders of the Sioux would strongly resist the the government to keep them on the federal reservations. Many Sioux tribesmen would leave the reservations to meet up with Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse along the Little Bighorn river. As many as 10,000 Native Americans would be gathered in defiance of the order of the US War department. -
Bessemer Process
The Bessemer Process was invented by Sir Henry Bessemer which would make the process of making steel faster inexpensively. This process would be the first method discovered to mass-producing steel and would require many patents. The Bessemer Process would be adopted by Andrew Carnegie because he wanted a cheap and efficient way of mass-producing steel. This process would aid in having better industrialization. The landscape of cities would be changed with a fast way to produce steel. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act is the first significant law restricting Chinese immigration into the US. This act would be placed because of the immigrants on the western coast that would usually wages to decrease. Immigrants would be drawn in by the better work, lifestyle, and working conditions. They would also work for lower wages which would make immigrants excellent for cheap labor. The act was passed to please those who complained about the Chinese immigrants. -
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show would come from Cody when he would perform an outdoor show for the Fourth of July celebration. The show would be a success and would lead to the creation of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show which would capture life in the west. The show would also use real Native Americans to show genuine characters. Cody would perform his show all around the nation for four years until bringing it to Europe where even Queen Victoria would attend. -
Great Upheaval
The Great Upheaval was a wave of labor protests and strikes that affected all of the nation after another reduction in pay in eight months. An example of a labor protest was six months before unveiling of the Statue of Liberty where police killed four workers who were striking and who were attempting to keep strikebreakers out of a factory in Chicago. The Great Upheaval would also bring attention to the Knights of Labor which would cause them to rapidly gain members. -
Dawes Severalty Act
The Dawes Severalty Act was meant to get rid of tribal and communal rights of Native Americans to control the assimilation of them into Americans society. The president would survey American Indian tribal lands and divide them into allotments those who accepted the allotments lived separate from the tribe and were granted US citizenship. Tribes' social structure would be weakened and life on the reservations would be filled with disease, filth, and poverty. -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was the first law to limit monopolies in the United States. This law was meant to create a more fair competition workforce and to limit any take over of departments of merchandise. This law would be named after John Sherman who was chairman Senate finance committee and the Secretary of the Treasury under President Hayes. John Sherman thought of the idea to send it to US congress and decided to make it a law to stop monopolies businesses. -
Ghost Dances
The Ghost Dance movement originated on Walker Lake Reservation by Wodziwob as a result of his visions. He told of going to another world where he was told that Indians could create a new paradise if they performed a series of rituals. Eventually they would perform these ghost dances out of fear, anger, and hope to destroy the white men. Unfortunately, these ghost dances would lead to a massacre called Wounded Knee as they were performing a ghost dance. -
Wounded Knee
Wounded Knee was a massacre that would occur from conflict between the Sioux and the US government that would result in 150 dead Native Americans. The Sioux practiced ghost dances and believed that it would if they practiced it and rejected the ways of the white men that the world will be anew and even destroy non-believers. The natives would be surrounded by the 7th Calvary and conflict would break out in which a gun shot was heard which caused the massacre of 150 natives. -
Klondike Gold Rush
The Klondike Gold Rush would start in 1896 when gold would be found in Yukon and around 100000 prospectors would migrate to Yukon, Canada during this gold rush. When news reached Seattle and San Francisco the following year, it triggered a stampede of would-be prospectors in which some became wealthy, but the majority went in vain. Around 4000 people would be successful in finding gold during this gold rush and about 22 million dollars worth of gold would be found during the Klondike Gold Rush. -
U.S.S Maine Sinking
The sinking of the USS Maine would take place on February 1898 with a massive explosion on Cuba's Havana Harbor killing 260 of the 400 crew men on board. An US Naval court of Inquiry ruled that it was a mine that had blown up the ship and not directly placing the blame on Spain. Congress and Americans would express with not very much doubt that Spain was responsible and called for a declaration of war. The sinking would be one of many reason the Spanish-American war occurred. -
Battle of San Juan Hill
Battle of San Juan Hill began a month after the started Spanish-American War. The US Army Fifth corps and the Rough Riders landed on Cuba planning to march to Santiago and launching a coordinated attack. General William Shafter would order an attack on El Caney and San Juan Hill hoping to capture El Caney but 500 Spanish defenders held the army off fiercely. El Caney was not captured but they went for San Juan Hill where hundreds would fall to Spanish fire before reaching the base of the height. -
Immigration Act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924 would reflect the desires of Americans to isolate themselves from the world. It would be signed by President Calvin Coolidge. This law would state that immigration would be open to those with a college education or any special skills otherwise entry would be declined. The law would still allow the immigration from Northern European nations such as Britain, Ireland, and Scandinavian countries. Japan would see this as an insult and declare a nation day of humiliation. -
Scopes Monkey Trial
The Scopes Monkey Trial would be John Thomas Scopes, a high school teacher, accused of teaching evolution and violating Tennessee law. A law was passed in Tennessee that would make teaching any theory that would go against the story of the Divine Creation as taught in the bible. John Scopes would have the great attorney Clarence Darrow. Darrow would call William Jennings Bryan as a sole witness and would discredit his interpretation of the bible. Scopes was found guilty and payed a fine of 100. -
Munich Conference
The Munich Conference would be held in Munich Germany and would be the place that the Munich Pact would be signed. Those who signed the pact would be Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, French Premier Edouard Daladier, and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. The pact would give Hitler the Sudentenland part of Czechoslovakia where 3 million Germans reside. Nazi war machine would also be handed many of Czechoslovakia's resources and was later be dominated by Germany forcing them to surrender. -
Pendleton Act
In 1883 the Pendleton Act would be passed which would establish positions within the federal government should be obtained based on merit not political affiliation. This act would also require government to take Civil Service exams to be selected rather than being chosen through affiliation. It would also be made illegal to fire government officials for political reasons.The United States Civil Service Commission would be created to enforce the laws of this act. -
Depression of 1893
The Depression of 1893 or Panic would be the worst depression in the US until the Great Depression. One cause would be from overbuilding of railroads and many companies took over their competitor which would cause a continual growth. Many mines were also opened which caused a flood of silver into the market. A drought would cause the farmers in the Midwest to suffer from a shortage of cash to pay their bills. As state economy worsened, people withdrew their money from banks causing bank runs. -
Political Machines
Political Machines were unofficial city organization ran by a single boss or small autocratic group that would help keep a certain group into power. The influx of immigrants into America would help since they would need housing or jobs; immigrants would vote for a certain party in return for housing or a job. William Tweed would be a political boss of Tammany Hall who was a political machine for the democrats in New York. Political machines would also be a source for government corruption -
City Beautiful Movement
The City Beautiful Movement would first start to rise with the World's Columbian Exposition. The city beautiful concept focused on implementing a civic centre, parks, and a grand boulevards. Besides making cities more livable, the City Beautiful movement would be meant to shape American urban landscape to be similar Europe. The City Beautiful movement emerged when the country's urban population first began to outnumber rural population and people would think cities were ugly. -
Social Gospel Movement
The Social Gospel Movement led by Washington Gladden which taught religion and human dignity would help the poor over come problems of industrialization. Didn't focus on religion, but on the fact that improved living conditions and improved morality. Members of the movement interpreted the Kingdom of God as needing social and individual salvation. The Social Gospel was a law among liberal Protestant ministers, Washington Gladden and Lyman Abbott. Also attacked Social Darwinism. -
Jane Addams
Jane Addams was a settlement house founder and peace activist and was one of the most noticeable of college-educated women with a lifetime commitment to the poor and social reform. She was inspired by an English reformer who lived in the lower-class slums and moved into an old mansion in an immigrant neighborhood. She and her Hull-House residents sponsored legislation to abolish child slavery, implement juvenile courts, and limit work hours of women, recognize labor unions, safe work condition. -
Bull Moose Party
The Bull Moose Party, also known as Progressive Party, a political faction that nominated former president Theodore Roosevelt. Opposing the conservationism of the Republican party under of William Howard Taft, the Progressive Party would be formed under Robert M. La Follette. The nickname Bull Moose would come from the strength often used by Theodore Roosevelt. The Bull Moose Party would poll around 25 percent of the popular vote. Republicans lost to Republicans and Bull Moose dispersed. -
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson was the 28th president that would lead America through World War I and was also an advocate for world peace. One Wilson was in office he would work hard towards his dreams and reform which would include the Federal Reserve and the Federal Trade Commission. Wilson would try to maintain the United States neutrality during World War I but was forced to declare war on Germany. He would negotiate a peace treaty that would include the League of Nations after the war. -
Henry Ford
Henry Ford, an engineer, would build his first gasoline-powered horseless carriage, the Quadricycle. He would establish the Ford Motor Company in 1903 and five years later would come out with the first Model T. Ford would introduce the revolutionary new mass-production method, the use of standardized, interchangeable parts, the first moving assembly line to mass produce cars. Ford would become very influential in the industrial world because of his method of the assembly line. -
Ludlow Massacre
The Ludlow Massacre was an attack coal miners and their families who were on strike by the Colorado National Guard, Colorado Fuel, and Iron Company guards. Around 10,000 miners would go on strike under the command of the United Mine Workers of America. There would be tension between armed strikers and the company hired-detectives. The strikers refused to hand over a hostage (or person) so the National Guard opened fire. Troops burned down camps and in total 25 people were killed. -
Muller v Oregon
Muller v Oregon is a US Supreme Court case that would be the health and welfare of female workers, which would lead to other protective legislation that was harmful to equality in workplaces for years to come. The issue was an Oregon law which would prohibit women from working more than 10 hours in one day. Muller was charged for permitting a worker to work more than 10 hours. Louis D. Brandeis argued the negative effects of working long hours. Oregon won because Oregon's law is different to NY. -
Meat Inspection Act
The Meat Inspection Act was signed by President Theodore Roosevelt which would prohibit the sale of adulterated livestock. It would also make sure that livestock would be killed and processed under sanitary conditions. The law would change meat packing completely making sure that the Department of Agriculture inspects all cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and horses before and after they were killed and processed. Also all imported products would go through the same inspection ad treatment. -
Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington was a former slave who encouraged blacks to keep to themselves and focus on the daily tasks of survival, rather than leading a grand uprising. Believed that building a strong economic base was more important at that time than planning an uprising or fighting for equal rights. Washington said to accept segregation in the short term as they focused on economic gain to achieve political equality in the future. His thoughts were challenged by those of WEB DuBois -
W.E.B DuBois
WEB DuBois was an African-American sociologist, writer, and activist. DuBois was one of the founding officers for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).He also edited for the monthly magazine Crisis. One of DuBois' best works was Soul of Black Folk, a collection of essays which define important points of the African-American experience.He often had indifferent ideas of other black leaders over strategies of black advancement with people like Booker T. Washington. -
Henry Cabot Lodge
Henry Cabot Lodge would be one of the first people to receive a doctorate from Harvard University. His political career would start at the state legislature and move to the US House of Representatives and would then be elected US Senate. Lodge would be concerned when Woodrow Wilson advocated for a world organization. Lodge later became chairmen for the Foreign Relations Committee. He also would become leader of the US isolationists. Lodge would oppose the US from joining the League of Nations. -
William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst would inherit the San Francisco Examiner from his father. Hearst spent about $8 million of his family's savings to make the San Francisco paper a success. He would challenge the publisher of New York World Joseph Pulitzer by buying it's rival and draw attention to his yellow journal. Hearst's papers were in favor of labor unions, progressive taxation, and ownership of utilities. He was elected twice to the House of Representatives. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris would be signed in France which would officially put an end to the Spanish-American War. The Spanish empire would start to fall after the US started to take over much of Spain's overseas holding. Guam and Puerto Rico would be ceded to the United States and the Philippines would be bought for $20 million. Cuba would become a US protectorate. The Philippines would rebel and cause the US ten times more casualties being suppressed than in the war. -
Platt Amendment
The this amendment would be written by Elihu Root and gave the US the right to take over the Island of Cuba if that country entered into a treaty or debt that might place its freedom in danger. This amendment also gave the U.S. the right to put a naval base in Cuba to protect it and the US holdings in the Caribbean. This amendment was resented very much by the Cubans. Any land that Cuba had would be transferred to US only. Cuba's right to negotiate a treaty was limited. -
Open Door Policy
The Open Door Policy was a foreign policy proposed by the US which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. The policy would also prompt respect for China's administrative and territorial integrity. This policy would be written by the Secretary of State John Hay. This policy would keep China from being split into divided into different and not have exclusive trade rights to China. Would also create a cooperative collective system, protecting Chinese markets. -
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion would consist of an organization called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fist led a rebellion against Western and Japanese influence. They wanted to get rid of all foreign influence and that westerners took their jobs. Chinese Christians would also be a target for the boxers. Qing Empress Dowager Tzu’u Hzi would declare war on all foreign nations with diplomatic ties to China. A multinational force would be organized to stop the rebellion. -
Roosevelt Corollary
The Roosevelt Corollary was implemented as another part of the Monroe Doctrine which stated that Europeans are not allowed to colonize or influence the Western Hemisphere. During Roosevelt's presidency he began to be concerned and added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. The Roosevelt Corollary states that the US would intervene as a last resort to ensure other nations oblige to pay their creditors and would not invite foreign aggression -
Sedition Act
As the Espionage Act was passed the Sedition Act would also be passed and would be controlled mainly by A. Mitchell Palmer. This act was aimed towards the socialists, pacifists, and other anti-war activists and would punish anyone for making false statements that would interfere with the war. Insulting or abusing the US government, the flag, the Constitution, or military are crimes of the act. Scholars would consider the act as violating the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights. -
Great Migration
The Great Migration would be a mass migration of African-Americans from the South to the North, Midwest, and West. Many blacks hated the economic opportunities and harsh segregation laws so they headed North in search for better opportunities. The North would be in need for industrial workers and the blacks used that to their advantage. There would also be competition for living space alongside competition for jobs. The black experience during the migration would lead to an artistic movement. -
14 Points
President Woodrow Wilson gave his fourteen points speech before a meeting between Congress which Wilson would highlight his ideal for long lasting peace all around the globe. His proposal would asked for the Allies to set aside unselfish peace terms with the Central Powers. Wilson would have fourteen strategies to maintain national security and world peace; seven of which were about territorial disputes in Europe. The other points would be for post war American diplomacy. -
Schlieffen Plan
The Schlieffen Plan was a battle plan devised by Alfred von Schlieffen that would allow Germany to win a successful two-front war. The changes by Schlieffen's successor Helmuth von Moltke, would said to have been the reason Germany didn't have a quick win. The plan would mainly focus on a flank attack and Germany would claim to have an advantage because of the split between France and Russia. The army would break through the Metz-Diedenhofen and sweep everything away. Plan blamed as flawed. -
Treaty of Versailles
The signing of the Treaty of Versailles would officially end World War I in 1919. The treaty would be negotiated between the Allied powers and little participation by Germany; would reassign the boundaries of Germany and would put the responsibility for the war on Germany. Germany's government signed the treaty under protest and parties would attack it as betrayal. The French and Belgians would enforce the treaty. France would accept modifying of the treaty for new agreements. -
Central Powers
The Central Powers would consist of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria and would be one of the two factions during World War I. The other faction being the Allied Powers which would defeat the Central Powers in a war that would last four years. The original Central Powers would be made from the alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary until after the war started where Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire would join. Each member the powers signed a different treaty. -
Teapot Dome Scandal
The Teapot Dome Scandal would put many Americans into shock as it would reveal the corruption of the federal government. The Teapot Dome was set aside for the US Navy to use for their now oil powered ships. The Secretary of Interior Albert Fall, would make deals with private oil companies and accept large money or gifts. Fall would lease the government oil reserves to his friend's Harry Sinclair and Edward Doheny. The scandal would involve oil tycoons, a suicide, and womanizing president. -
F. Scott Fitzgerald
F. Scott Fitzgerald would rise to greatness by becoming a writer in which he was able to get wealthy from. He was the son of an alcoholic dad and a ambitious mother. He would leave Princeton without graduating and that would be the setting for the first book Fitzgerald would write. Fitzgerald's fame would come with downfall as he became an alcoholic and his wife would be jealous of his fame. He became a scriptwriter and struggled to live. He wrote The Great Gatsby which would be a masterpiece -
Valentine's Day Massacre
The Valentine's Day Massacre would be killing of Al Capone's enemies, the Irish gangster George Moran. George Moran would run his bootlegging operation inside of a garage on the North side of Chicago. Supposedly, gunmen dressed as cops entered the garage and pretended to arrest them and had George Moran's men line up against the wall. The "cops" would then fire around seventy rounds of ammunition at the men. No one knows who it was but Capone was considered responsible for the murders. -
Louis Armstrong
Louis Armstrong was an African-American jazz musician known for his amazing skills playing the cornet and the trumpet. Armstrong would make the scat style of singing more popular and remains to be one of jazz's most important and influential musicians. He was a member of King Oliver's band, and later formed several bands of his own, naming them the Hot Fives and Sevens. He would record his first solo as a member of Oliver's band. He would later become superior over other trumpets of his time. -
Duke Ellington
Duke Ellington grew up in a middle-class family in Washington DC who encouraged him into fine arts. Ellington would play and move to New York City where he would lead sextet in Broadway nightclubs. The Cotton Club in Harlem would encourage him to increase the size of the band to fourteen members. Ellington would choose talented musicians who had a unique and expressive style. He would receive his nickname Duke from his calm attitude. Ellington was also a famous pianist. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment would allow American women the right to vote after almost a century of protest of women's suffrage. Stanton, Mott, and Susan B. Anthony and other women would hold the Seneca Falls Convention and would have a worldwide movement for women's rights. James R Mann, chairman of the Suffrage Committee would propose the resolution to pass the Susan Anthony amendment giving women the right to vote. It would pass the House with a little over two-thirds majority. -
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Hoover was America's 31st president when the US economy went into a deep depression known as the Great Depression. At the start of the first world war, Hoover would dedicate himself to humanitarian work. Before Hoover was president, Woodrow Wilson would appoint Hoover as head of the Food Administration. During the Great Depression Hoover would try to stimulate the economy and some of his programs would help in relief later on. Hoover would become highly unpopular in America. -
Emergency Relief Act
The Emergency Relief Act would be created by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration would be established because the Federal Emergency Relief Act and would be replaced by the Works Progress Administration. The main goal of FERA was to relieve household unemployment by creating new unskilled jobs. The administrator for FERA would be Harry Hopkins. FERA would fund a total of 3 billion dollars to give to the states. -
The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl is known as the drought that hit the Southern Plains of America and would be hit by dust storms. The Dust Bowl would be caused by several economic and agricultural factors like federal land policies, changes in regional weather, and farm economics. The Homestead Act along with many other acts would cause a mass influx of farmers into the Great Plains. They believed that rain would follow and many scientist believed that farms would later thrive. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt is the wife of FDR was in a way a leader and would be very active in humanitarian causes. Although she is married to FDR she is also the fifth cousin of FDR. Eleanor would be one of the most active first ladies in history and worked for political, racial and social justice. After FDR's death, Eleanor would be a delegate for the United Nations and would continue in humanitarian works. She would strongly oppose of Jim Crow, wanted birth control, and better working conditions. -
National Industrial Recovery Act
The National Industrial Recovery Act is one of the many safety measures that Franklin D. Roosevelt would take to recover from the Great Depression. The act would suspend antitrust laws and would support the alliance of industries which was unusual for America. The act would create the National Recovery Administration to help compliance. The NIRA would be considered unconstitutional when the Supreme court unanimously decided in the case of Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States. -
Social Security Act
The Social Security Act signed into law by Franklin Roosevelt would create Social Security which was a federal safety net for elderly, unemployed, and disadvantaged Americans. The act would create the Social Security Administration to structure the act and figure out how to implement the act. Millions of people would receive financial aid through the act since it was signed into law. Early forms of social security would be from veterans' widows and orphans applying for government pensions. -
21st Amendment
Across the United States, religious groups would consider alcohol to be a threat to the nation leading to the ratification of the 18th amendment which would make producing, transporting, and selling alcohol illegal. Many would find a way around this amendment and bootlegging started to occur on a large scale around the United States. The Great Depression made things worse and Roosevelt would decide to repeal the amendment. Congress would propose the 21st amendment repealing the 18th amendment. -
German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
The German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact would be two enemies, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, signing the pact stating that the two countries would not take military action against each other for ten years. Joseph Stalin viewed the pact as a way to maintain peaceful terms with Germany and giving him time to build his army. Germany would view the pact as a way to make sure they were safe from invading Poland. The pact would not last long and German Nazis would invade the Soviet Union. -
Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill is a very well known statesmen. He was born into a privileged family but Churchill would still dedicate himself to public service. Churchill would join the House of Commons as a Conservative but four years later would become a liberal. Winston Churchill would become prime minister when the previous prime minister would be kicked out of office. Churchill would give his first speech as prime minister to the House of Commons saying that World War II was going to be long and hard. -
Battle of the Bulge
The Nazi's would have the objective of wanting to split the Allied armies by doing a surprise attack. Three German armies or more than a quarter-million troops would be launched to one of the deadliest battle of the war. The Germans would drive deep into Ardennes and the Americans would be caught off guard. The Allies however would take on the appearance of a large bulge. Lieutenant General George S. Patton would maneuver the Third Army to Bastogne would help in the Allies defense. -
The Holocaust
The Holocaust which would be historically used to describe a sacrificial offering burned on an altar. The Holocaust would actually be the mass murder of about 6 million Jewish people by the Nazi Germans. In the eyes of Adolf Hitler, Jews were an inferior race and an alien threat to German racial purity. After Jews would consistently persecute Jews, Hitler would come up with his own resolution known as the Holocaust. Hitler would blame the Jews for the loss of the first world war. -
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor is a US naval base located in Hawaii but one day Japan would launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. The US disliked the hostile attitude Japan had towards China since Japan believed to end their problems they would need to expand into neighboring territories. The Japanese would destroy almost 20 American Ships and more than 300 airplanes and 2403 sailors, soldiers, and civilians were killed. Pearl Harbor would set American people in a state of mind to go to war. -
Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference would be held near Berlin and was the last of the meetings for World War II. The conference would consist of establishing a Council of Foreign Ministers and a Central Allied Control Council for Germany. Although many talks would consist of post war Europe, the Big Three would also demanded unconditional surrender from Japan. The leaders would agree on the German economy, punishment for war criminals, land boundaries and reparations. -
Executive Order 9066
The Executive Order 9066 would be signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt after the bombing on Pearl Harbor. The order would state the authorization of removing of any or all people from military areas that are necessary or desirable. More than 110,000 Japanese Americans would be relocated to isolated internment camps build by the US military. All around the US these camps were built due to the order since the spaces deemed necessary would be taken from the people. -
Telephone
The telephone would be invented by a man named Alexander Graham Bell when the idea of communication through means of electrical currents came to him. The first complete sentence that would be transmitted through the telephone would be "Mr. Watson, come here; I want you-." With the revenue that he would gain from the telephone, he would assist other scientists. The telephone made communication faster and more efficient. It would also change social behaviors by causing more communication. -
Robber Barons
Robber Barons refers to the industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they changed prices high above original price. Well known robber barons would be Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Vanderbilt who controlled steel, almost all of the US oil rigs, and the railways. -
Knights of Labor
The Knights of Labor would be founded as a secret society of tailors. As worker militancy rose near the end of the 1870s, the membership grew along with it. The group would consist of workers of all skills and both sexes; blacks would be allowed to join but were still segregated. The Knights' would strongly support the Chinese Exclusion act since they believed that laws were needed to protect the American work force. the Knights would flourish after Grand Master Workman Powderly took office. -
Election of 1896
The Election of 1896 would be between Republican William McKinley and Democrat William Jennings Bryan. The central issue would be the country's economic crisis from the Depression of 1893. At the convention in Chicago, Bryan would give his famous Cross Gold speech in favor for endorsing free silver which would get him nominated on the fifth ballot. McKinley would support the maintenance of gold standards. McKinley won election and defeated in electoral college -
Farmers Alliance
The Farmer's Alliance is an economic movement among American farmers that included several but independent political organizations including the National Farmer's Alliance and Industrial Union. This alliance came up because of the crop failures, falling prices, and poor marketing. One goal of this organization was to abolish the crop-lien system which would pay the landowner and the merchant before the farmers. This organization would also sought the federal regulation of the railroads. -
World's Columbian Exposition
The World's Columbian Exposition was a world fair that would be held in Chicago to celebrate the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. The center piece of the fair would be the large water pool to represent the voyage of Christopher Columbus to the New World. The chief architect would be Daniel H. Burnham, Charles B. Atwood was designer of chief, and Frederick Law Olmsted was entrusted with landscaping. Pres. Grover Cleveland set the great Allis engine in Chicago to power the fair. -
Pullman Strike
The Pullman Strike was a nonviolent strike which brought about a shut down of western railroads, which took place against the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago, because of the poor wages of the Pullman workers. It was ended by the president due to the interference with the mail system, and brought a bad image upon unions. The ARU asked trainmen to not run trains which Pullman's cars were on and the result was railroad workers not operating trains around Chicago. -
William Howard Taft
William Howard Taft was a judge in Ohio Superior Court before becoming the first civilian governor of the Philippines knowing that it would help him to advance higher in national government. Taft would decline Theodore Roosevelt's offer twice to a Supreme Court appointment. Taft would later become secretary of war in the administration of Theodore Roosevelt. Taft would be promoted as Roosevelt's successor and would make a presidential run and would win. Taft would be nothing like Teddy. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
Similar to the Meat Inspection Act, the Pure Food Drug Act which also protected the public form adulteration of food and products that seemed to endanger the health of the public. Heightened public awareness of issue from careless food handling and processing and the increase of drug addiction. The Department of Agriculture's chief chemist would publish his findings of endangering preservatives in meat-packing. President Theodore Roosevelt passed this act which applied to shipped goods. -
Teddy Roosevelt
After President William McKinley was assassinated, VP Theodore Roosevelt took over and would be the youngest president to be in office. He would be the leader of the Rough Riders who marched into Cuba during the Spanish-American War. He added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. He implemented the "Big Stick" policy which shows naval dominance of the US. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for ending the Russo-Japanese war. He would shut down trust and be known as a trust buster. -
Espionage Act
The Espionage Act would be enforced by A. Mitchell Palmer, the US attorney general under Wilson Woodrow. The act would make it illegal to talk about information that was intended to interfere with the US forces or support the success of the enemies. Anyone who is found guilty would have a fine of ten thousand dollars and twenty years of prison. The act would be reinforced by the Sedition Act which would passed the following year and would impose similar punishments. -
Mustard Gas
Germans would shock the Allies on the western front by firing more than 150 tons of mustard gas against French colonial divisions. As World War I started, Germans began to invent chemical weapons to overpower the Allies in the war. More than 1,000 would be killed because of the new weapon, mustard gas. After the Germans bombarded the enemies with artillery, they shot chlorine gas at the Allies which would startle them but Germans were not able to advance any further. -
American Expeditionary Force
The American Expeditionary Force were the troops fighting in Europe during World War I. The force would be under the command of General John J. Pershing and would also fight alongside the French Army, British Army, Canadian Army, and Australian Army on the western front against the Germans. The force would also aid the French Army during the Aisne Offensive. Facilities in France would be made to train new soldier for the AEF. The AEF usually supported other units defending during the war. -
Zimmerman Telegram
The Zimmerman Telegram was a message intercepted by the US from Germany to Mexico. The message from Arthur Zimmerman to the German ambassador in Mexico would state that Mexico would join any future wars between the US and Germany in return for financial aid. Woodrow Wilson would learn of the message and would state to Congress that preparing ships against possible German attacks. Wilson would authorize State Department to make the telegram public. -
Charles Lindberg
Charles Lindberg learned to fly planes after quit college and became a barnstomer which were pilots who do aerobatic stunts and selling planes around the country. No one had crossed the Atlantic without stopping and Charles Lindberg wanted to be the first with the help people in St. Louis supporting him. Ryan Airlines would provided a modified plane for Lindberg that would help him on his journey from New York to Paris. He flew his plane the Spirit of St. Louis to Paris and would make history. -
Volstead Act
The Volstead Act would be vetoed by President Woodrow Wilson but Congress would pass over his veto. The Volstead Act would enforce the 18th amendment that is the prohibition of alcohol. The Volstead act would also lead to the creation of a special unit of the Treasury Department. Although the Volstead Act was strongly enforced it would fail to prevent the distribution of alcohol still and would also cause organized crime to rise. The 21st amendment would be passed and repeal this act. -
Douglas MacArthur
Douglas MacArthur was an American General who would command the Southwest Pacific during the second world war. MacArthur graduated from the US Military Academy and would help lead the 42nd division. He would also be the superintendent West Point and would implement many reforms to modernize the school. Herbert Hoover would make MacArthur chief of staff of the Army with the rank of general. Arthur was also awarded the Medal of Honor for the Philippines. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt, often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Roosevelt would
be elected to four terms in office, and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms of office. He was a central figure during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. FDR would create the New Deal program to redefine the role of the
government in Americans' lives. He was married to Eleanor Roosevelt. -
Glass-Stegall Act
The Glass-Stegall Act would be passed as an emergency measure during the Great Depression to counter bank failures. The act would prohibit commercial banks from participating in investments of the banking business. Carter Glass, a former Treasury secretary, was the primary force behind the act. Stegall, chairmen of the House Banking and Currency Committee agreed to support the act with Glass. Roosevelt would sign the bill. The act would receive critique and comments from bankers. -
Battle of the Atlantic
The Battle of the Atlantic would be like a contest between the Western Allies and the Axis powers for the control of the Atlantic sea routes. The Allied powers would seem to have three objectives which were, blockade of the Axis powers in Europe, security of Allied sea movements, and freedom to project military power across the seas. In the eyes of the British Prime Minister, the Battle of the Atlantic would be Germany's best chance at defeating the Western powers. -
Neutrality Act
The Neutrality Act signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt would state that American ships would be required to have a license to carry arms. The act would also restrict Americans from sailing on ships from hostile nations and put an embargo on the sale of arms to hostile nations. Although the act would state to stay out of foreign wars but Roosevelt would promote the change of the US neutral stance since we never what might happen. Roosevelt believes the law would not get in the way of world peace. -
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Transforming the West
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Becoming an Industrial Power
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Imperialism
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World War I
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The Great Depression
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World War II
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The Roaring 20s
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The Gilded Age
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Progressive Era
