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Period: 30,000 BCE to
Beginnings to Exploration
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476 BCE
Rome
In the fall of the empire there were numerous factors causing the destruction of the Roman Empire. The biggest external factor of the many raids and invasions against by the barbarians -
1348
Black Death
The black death was responsible for the death of more than one third of Britain's population. It consisted of a plague, spread by fleas having Yersinia pestis bacterium.The disease would be pass to rats as transportation on merchant ships, and then the rats would past the disease to humans.However, it effected the economy by being the biggest demographic in European History.This change the social structure in a religious way.Many believe the plague was god punishing people for their sinful ways. -
1401
The renaissance
Realism & renaissance era , was a point in time when Europeans started to learn and embrace the values of the Greeks and Romans. Things such as new views in politics, astronomy, and arts were introduced. Realism gave paintings an more realistic look. This was done by studying anatomy , measuring proportions and giving the art human features and forms. This was mainly used when paintings within Christianity were being made -
1492
Exploration-Columbus
Christopher Columbus played an important role in this era . He went on four voyages trying to find a shorter route to Asia. On his journeys he discovered the world was actually round. He died thinking he had actually found a shorter route to Asia -
Jun 7, 1494
Exploration
The Treaty of Tordesillas was a treaty that defined the division among Spain and Portugal .A lot of confusion was made about the new land that was being claimed.The division was created by a line in the Atlantic ocean. The way it was divided was east of the line was Portugal and west was the Spaniards land. -
1521
Aztecs
Human sacrifices were a major part of the reign of the Aztec Civilization. In the process of sacrificing a human they would rip the hearts out of the chosen one, decapitate them, and skin them alive. This was done to repay the gods for the sacrifices they made when creating the world and sun. Usually the person that is a sacrificed is tended to be a great warrior who fought bravely and is good looking. Children could also be used as a sacrificial offering. -
English Colonization
The Roanoke Colony, was the first attempt in founding a new English Settlement in the New World. Story has been told that John White who was the leader of the colony, left to go get supplies and when he manage to get back everything and everyone had vanished. The only thing that was left behind was the word "Croatoan" carved on a tree. Till this day its been a mystery, myth has been told that either they joined the Croatoan Natives or they were killed by the wanchese tribe , nobody knows. -
Triangular Trade
The triangular trade was a trade between three regions. Also known as the slave trade. Raw goods were sent to Europe, Manufactured good were sent to Africa and slaves to America. -
Issues
Conflicts with the Natives were cause because The English thought they were superior to the Natives and seen the Natives as "wild savages". However, this why the English did not want to mix with them. While the English took land from the Natives, tension begin to increased between the two groups. The Natives believed the land was not owned by anyone , but the English was trying claim the land for themselves. Which created a lot of conflicts and problems. -
Period: to
ENGLISH COLONIAL SOCIETIES
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New France- Fur trading
Mainly located In Canada french colonist had high demands for beaver pelts and other fur felts. Very soon Natives begin to be a huge part of this trade. The french would have good relations with the natives so they could trade alcohol and guns for the exchange of fur. -
Chesapeake colonies
The first slaves in Chesapeake were from Jamestown , Virginia. It all started from a ship carrying twenty men from Africa to be brought to America with the intentions of replacing Europeans weak labor force. At first the slaves were equal to indentured servants but as time passed and the indentured servants would oversee the slaves at work which eventually changed things. The work was over the cash crop of Jamestown which was tobacco. -
Plymouth Colony
The Puritans a.k.a the Pilgrims was the first to inhibit the Plymouth Colony. They left England because of their religious rights, also they desired to "purify" the church of England. They came to America by sailing upon the Mayflower . The Mayflower Compact, was one of the most important American historical documents that was written on the ship before they landed in New England. Mainly because in this document it mentioned governing by consent, instead of monarchy. -
Colonies Economies - Lower South
Agriculture and farming is what the lower south economy was solely based on. Tobacco, cotton and indigo was the south main cash crops. Mainly because their land was very fertile and workable. This is what cause slaves to be used mainly in the south, to do things such as plant and pick in the fields. -
The Enlightment
The Enlightment is what made people think as individuals. It involved science and technology and proved reason & science are the causes of things. Benjamin Franklin was the face of the enlightment, but some other important people were Sir Issac Newton and John Locke. It first started in England and flourished to America literature, art , and religion . -
Caribbean Colonies
The two main Caribbean colonies are Barbados and Jamaica . The crash crop of the location was sugar, following in Spain, France , and Holland fighting for the Caribbean colonies. African slaves were force to work in harsh conditions by the Europeans because the whites did not want to do it. During this time the whites were the minority, it was not that many of them. Slaves did NOT have no rights during this period of time. -
Navigation acts
The Navigation acts were laws to control trade between England and its colonies. It enforced that only England could carry goods from colonies to other places. However, colonies must send certain goods to England for processing and distribution. The English Parliament pass these acts in the 1650's. Its main purpose was to make sure England benefited from colonial trade. -
Quakers
A group of colonist of colonist who were very open minded and believed in equality for everyone was known as the Quakers. Their main reason for coming to America was freedom of religion. Here they led simpler lives, had loose religion practice, and were pacifists. William Penn was the leader of the Quakers , they settled in Pennsylvanian which was named after him. -
Salem Witch Trails
In this event 200 people were accused of doing the "Devils Magic" while 20 was actually executed. Elizabeth, and Abigail started having outrageous fits.These fits involved screaming, throwing things, and converting themselves into strange positions. And not to long after another little girl by the name Ann Putan started to experience the same fits.The girls went on a rampage accusing many, causing pain and lives Not to long after the trails the girls were caught & had been lying the whole time . -
Period: to
COLONIAL AMERICA TO 1763
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Salutary Neglect
A term to which British Crown avoided strict enforcement of parliamentary laws that were force to keep American colonist obedient. This fueled the colonies to have the American Revolution. -
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was act of secularism. This was a point in time were everyone became religiously and emotionally involved. It made people consider others feelings and emotions. Elite Universities like Princeton, Brown, and Rutgers are all universities that were founded during the great awakening. -
Slavery - slave rebellions
One of the most serious slave rebellions in the colonial period was the Stono Rebellion it occurred in 1739 in South Carolina. 100 African Americans killed whites and tried to escape to S. Florida. Th participants were executed and the uprising was crushed.The main form of rebellion was running away even though there was no where to go. -
French & Indian War - George Washington Role
George Washington was the general leader of the militia , he was sent by the governor of Virginia. He led his troops to the Ohio River Valley towards Fort Duquesne where he first encountered french troops. He was captured but manage to put up a fight and defeated the french. -
French & Indian War - Great Britian
The seven year war which was the French and Indian war was a fight between England and France for the control of certain lands in North America. The upper Ohio River was one of the disputed territories , while the border between the french and British possessions were not well defined.The British prevailed and won , after the battles of with the French. Following the Treaty of Paris 1763 , which stated that the British gained Canada and French territory. -
Tea boycotts
Their economy took a beating, after the British won the French and Indian war.Leading to the need of money. A plan was made to put taxes on the tea by English. Colonist was not amused by the tea act that had been instated on them, which granted a monopoly on tea sales ,so they decided to boycott. The Boston tea party was an infamous event that occurred . -
Treaty of Paris 1763
This was the document that ended the French and Indian war a.k.a the seven year war. Resulting in the English victory the treaty states that they will gain all of Canada nearly all of the modern United States east of the Mississippi. Small islands off of Canada and Haiti is what the French maintained. -
NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION
The French and Indian war caused the British economy to become low , so they imposed taxes upon the colonist without asking the colonist. The colonist cried out for help with the" No taxation without Representation " they used it to protest against the Stamp Act of 1765. The Parliament had no one to represent the colonist , so the colonist declared they had no right to tax them. -
Boston tea party
The Boston tea party consisted of a raid of three British ships at the Boston Harbor. In this event Drunk Bostonians dressed up as Natives and dump more than seven hundred chests of tea into the harbor as a protest against British taxes on tea and the monopoly granted . Not to long after the intolerable acts were made. -
Lexington
This was a battle against the redcoats v.s. the militias. The colonist wanted a self government which resulted in this battle. Marching into Concord the British were meet by a well trained militia. Its known as the " shot heard all around the world" for the intentness of the fighting between the colonist and English. No one knows who fired this first shot. -
Battle of Bunker Hill
This battle is known as the first great battle of the Revolutionary war. In June 1775, the battle was fought near Boston. After the Americans ran out of gun powder the British drove the Americans from their fort at breeds hill to Bunkers hill. -
Olive Branch Petition
This was a letter to King George the third from the members of the Second Continental Congress stating this was the last attempt by the moderate party in North America to avoid an independence war against Britain. This expresses hope between the colonies and great Britain in reconciliation. -
Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine was the author of " Common sense" he was also a philosopher during the Enlightenment. He is still admired and is influenced by others in today's society. His book inspired the colonist. He had an idea that the colonies should set America up as an independent democratic, and republic away from England. -
Battle of Saratoga
The battle of Saratoga is known as the turning point of the American Revolution. It was very significant because it convinced the french to give the U.S. military support. It ended the British threat in New England by gaining control over the Hudson River, lifted American spirits, and most of all , showed French that the American had the potential to defeat Great Britain ( their enemy ). -
Massachusetts Constitution
The Fundamental political document of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts was the Constitution of commonwealth of Massachusetts. Consisting of a House of Representatives and senates was the General Court of Massachusetts ( Massachusetts legislature) . Their responsibility was to make laws for Massachusetts . -
Articles of Confederation
This document was not a national court system to interpret the laws , nor was their a strong central government to enforce the laws. The leaders feared a strong central tyrant government , resulting in the Congress and National Government not having enough power. The articles of Confederation was the first written Constitution of the United States -
Period: to
The Constitution
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Treaty of Paris 1783
This was a Negotiation between the United States and Great Britain This recognized American independence and ended the Revolutionary war. It gave America its independence from Britain. Now the U.S could have his own government and laws and any loyalist that had land taken away it was returned to the united states. British promise to remove all troops as the new nation began to expand. They respected the U.S to let them fish in the waters off of Canada. -
Shays Rebellion
Broken out in western Massachusetts in 1786, Shay's Rebellion was an uprising led by, Daniel Shays. This event was caused because of the Articles of Confederation they could no longer stand it. The Shays followers succeeded in shutting down the court system by protesting the forecloses of farms and debt. -
3 Branches
In the Constitution, three branches were established and written . The Legislature Branch , which was basically what made the laws of the country. It consists of 2 house legislature , with a senate and the House of Representatives. Then there is the executive branch their job was the enforce the laws made by the legislature. And last there was the Judicial Branch their job was to interpret the laws. -
Northwest Ordinance
The decision of how to organize the western lands that it controlled was the Confederation Congress. To make sure the that the land in the Northwest territory was settled in a peaceful and orderly way the Northwest Ordinance was passed. it determined the pattern of how the rest of the west would be settled. To apply to congress to become a state , there was a rule to have 60,000 people in territory. -
Virginia Plan
Virginia delegates proposed the Virginia Plan for a Bicameral Legislature.. While waiting at a quorum at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. This was the first document to suggest separations of powers by having a judicial,executive, and legislature. The Virginia Plan favored the larger states because of the fact they would have a much greater voice . While the smaller states favored the New jersey plan. In the end the two sides found common in the Connecticut plan. -
ANTI Federalist
Anti- Federalist are people who did not like the Constitution, they seen the Constitution as giving to much power to the federal government. Some known Anti-federalist are Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, George Mason, Richard Henry Lee, Robert Yates, James Moore, and Amos Singletary. -
Election of 1788
The first quadrennial presidential election was the united states president election of 1788. It was conducted under the US. Constitution which was ratified in 1788 , Elected VP was John Adams, and the Electoral vote was won unanimously by George Washington. -
Period: to
New Republic
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Bill of Rights
These were the first ten amendments in the U.S. Constitution . James Madison wrote the Bill of Rights , an anti-federalist in 1789 . The Bill of Rights directly declare that all power not directly declared to the congress by the constitution, can be decided by states or people individually and it also guarantees the rights and freedom of people. -
Whiskey Rebellion
This was the first event to test the new government ( US Constitution ) . In this event farmers of America protested after a tax on liquor was placed on the States. 6 Thousand threatened to attack Pittsburgh. However , George Washington , the President at the time got rid of the mob and enforced newer laws. -
The First Bank of America
The Central Bank was The First Bank of the United Stated, charted by the United States of Congress for a term of twenty years. Promoted by Alexander Hamilton with the support of George Washington . The Central bank was to improve and uphold the nations credit, and better the handling of the financial business of the United States , under the US Constitution. -
Cotton GIn
In 1793 , Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin. Doing work of several man , the cotton gin removed seeds from cotton balls at a rapid speed. Slave trade was outlawed in the US 1808 , but Southern Plantations needed more labor in the fields which caused an illegal Slave Trade. -
Pickneys Treaty
Pickney's Treaty was the treaty between Spain and the United States, established by San Lorenzo , giving the U.S. right to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans and to transport goods on the Mississippi River. It established the boundary of Florida, Use the ports of New Orleans , and The United States could navigate Mississippi. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
The congress made the Alien and Sedition acts after the XYZ Affair , When the French asked Adams to apologize and give ten million , on the account of the strict trade between them because of the Jays Treaty. The alien act made deporting ( mainly french )people increased , and the acts also made it more challenging to become a citizen. Meanwhile the sedition act, prohibited citizens from saying rude or negative things about the president or the United States. -
Election of 1800- Thomas Jefferson
Adam lost some of his followers after the XYZ Affair. An advantage was given to Thomas Jefferson the Democrat runners up for the election due to a division between the federalist. James Hamilton made sure that the House of representatives voted for Jefferson even though Jefferson tied with another Federalist , Aaron Burr.. -
Period: to
Age of Jefferson
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Marbury vs Madison
Marbury sued James Madison, to gain his promised commission, after Jefferson refused to deliver commission to the judges appointed by James Adams . The Supreme Court stated that Madison needed not to deliver the commission because the Congressional act that birth the new judgeship violated the judiciary provision of the Constitution , therefore unconstitutional. -
The Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana purchase for 15 million dollars ( 3 cents an acre) from the land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains from Napoleon. He was interested in this territory because it would give the US - Mississippi & NOLA . The price was cheap , He did no want Napoleon to sell it to someone else so he bought it hastily. Jefferson use loose construction to justify the purchase , because the constitution did not give the federal government power to buy land. -
Lewis and Clark expedition
Commission by Jefferson , Meirwether Lewis was to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Joining him was his fellow army buddy William Clark. On their journey , they mapped their route, wrote about it in their journals - things they saw new species of animals and plants. Native people became their allies. Along their Journey Sacajawea helped them through their journey to the great divide. -
war of 1812
The Impressment of Americans sailors by the British was an outrage cause by Americans because of the war between the US and Great Britain which was known as the war of 1812. The war consisted of several sea battles and frontier skirmishes. Andrew Jackson led troops , the future president at the time. Ending the war with the treaty of Ghent , however Jackson defeated the British at the battle of New Orleans, not knowing that a peace treaty had been placed. -
Battle of New Orleans
This was the war of 1812 last battle. Andrew Jackson troops at New Orleans repelled a large British Invasion Force. Only eight American soldiers were killed , while 25 hundred British soldiers were killed or captured. The treaty of Ghent ended the war of 1812 two weeks before the battle , neither side knew. This made Jackson more popular then before. -
Changes in Transportation
During the IR transportation increased drastically . The many ways of transportation were modern paved roads , steamboats, canals , and railroads . This helped with making exporting and importing goods cheaper and faster . -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
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Greeks Revival
The start of Greek Revival was during the peaceful feel Good Era . Found in all region of the country, it was the first true naturally style in the United States . Strong associations with classical traditions and democracy made the style gain its popularity . The Greek revival demonstrated all levels of building , from high to low and was very easy to adapt to . -
Panic of 1819
America's Economy went into a great depression after the war of 1812. The panic of 1819 was the first major financial crisis in the US , during the presidency of James Moore. It featured bank failures, Featured widespread foreclosures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing . Marking the end of the economic expansion that had followed the War of 1812 . -
Missouri Compromise
For Missouri to apply to become a state , that have to apply t be a allowing of slaves state. The number of free states would become less , so the North did not like idea of them becoming a slave state . To balance between slave and free states, a 36*30* latitude was a line to separate states to determine whether it was free or not known as the Missouri Compromise. Below the line states were slaves and above were free. -
waltham system
The Lowell- Walthman System was created in the textile mills of Lowell , Massachusetts in the 1820's . Few skilled workers were needed in the production process because factories used as much machinery as possible. Most of the workers were young and single farm women. The work conditions were bad and they worked longer, but the women got paid more. -
Slums
The rapid growth population in the cities caused the slums during the IR . the income of people came from the better standards of living and better jobs for working class . The slums was know as dirty, crowded and over polluted . -
Temperance Movement
Drinking hard liquor was very common before the temperance movement . However it was a problem because men would get drunk everyday and become drunkards. They would waste money on liquor and neglect their families . Bad mannerism would be shown and abusive ways would come also . This movement began in the 1800 's and fought to ban alcohol throughout the U.S. This is what lead to the 18th amendment in 1920. -
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Cultural Changes
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Period: to
Age of jackson
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Corrupt Bargin
Andrew Jackson became the bitter thinking there had been some activity between presidential candidates involving deals between John Q Adams and Henry Clay to throw the election, to be decided on by the house of representatives , in Adams favor , this was after John Quincy Adams won the election. The accusation became the rally for Andrew supporters , though never proven. -
Parks
After the war of 1812 , their was a period of peace and prosperity , during the Era of Good Feelings . One political party and increase of sense Nationalism. During this time Changes were made of Architecture and Nature . Parks were so natural and was a get away place for peoples fast pace lives ad gave a closer sense of nature . -
ELECTION of 1828
After initially losing the election of 1824 , Jackson thought of a new strategy. He interrupted his humble origin (common man) , democratic values ( everyone should vote ) and military career. He tried to jeopardize Adam by using personal attacks on him , calling him a womanize and talking about , Rachel , Adams wife . Doing these things caused Jackson to win Overwhelmingly. -
Canals
The canal was use as an artificial waterway allowing passages of boats or ships inland or to convey water through irrigation . This helped people trade along waterways which made it so significant . -
Inauguration party
More than 10,000 people showed up at the inauguration of Jackson. It transformed from a celebration into a riot. The common man were allowed to vote , so this made people so excited. It used to be only rich and well born people allowed , but the movement westward with new laws and foundation of democracy made it to where poor people became allowed to vote. Whether you were rich or poor every one who was moving west believed in the same things and wanted the same rights. -
Joseph Smith
Joseph Smith was very much hated by the Christians , He was also the leader of the Mormons . The two religion groups did not get along , because of their different beliefs . Mormons engaged in polygamy and multiple marriages . Mormons moved west and were victims of persecution . -
Telegraph
The telegraph contributed in being a system that transmitted messages from distance along a wire, by creating signals by breaking and making an electrical connection. This is so significant because it was the first mass communication in the United States. -
Nat Turners Rebellion
Nat turner was a priest for slaves. One day Nat turner saw "visions" and decided to attack whites him and 70 other slaves killing about 55 whites. This is known as the slave rebellion which took place in Southampton County, Virginia , in August 1831. This was one of the largest slave rebellion of the many , in the United States. Turner was captured and executed and hundreds of slaves were punished. This contributed by playing a big role in the Antebellum slave society. -
Defunding the Bank
Andrew Jackson did not favor the bank of the United States , he felt as if the bank bank only influenced the rich and not common man. In hopes to win the presidential race , Henry clay pushes the charter early, by four years . His strategy was used to make Jackson loose votes , but recharter bill was vetoed by Jackson. Reelected Jackson , removed all federal deposits from the Bank and moved to state banks , to complete his plan of ending the Bank of the United States. -
Iron Plow
John Deere is the creator of the Iron Plow . This was created to benefit farmers when plowing large areas of land -
Martin Van "Ruin"
"Van Ruin " became Martin Van Buren nickname because he so happened to be the president at the time of the panic of 1837 . The cause of the Panic of 1837 was Jackson he is the one to blame because he got rid of the national bank and passed the specie circular. -
The Trail of Tears
The trail of tears was a devastating act in the removal of the Cherokee Indians . It was while Andrew Jackson was president , natives went to court to sue for their land back . When the natives won , Jackson acting as a racist , refused to enforce the decision leading to him forcing them to leave their land. The relocation of the Muskogee , Seminole , Cherokee , and Choctaw from their land in the southeastern parts of Us killed thousands. -
Election of 1840
In the election of 1840 , William Henry Harrison (Whigs) and Van Buren ran up against each other. Rumors saying Buren was a sexual pervert was spread by Whigs. This made Harrison gain votes , by having women support him and convincing their husbands to vote for him instead of Buren . Harrison did win eventually , but he soon died due to pneumonia . John Tyler , his VP becomes president. -
Second Great Awakening - Asylums
Asylums were made for mentally ill people , but originally they were placed with prisons with normal criminals . They notice how the mentally ill actions were different than the normal prisoners so that is when they decided to give therm their own prison , Asylums . The asylum were more of rehabilitation than a prison. Dorothea Dox was one of the main leaders in the asylum reform movement and advocated for the mentally ill . -
Abolitionist
Abolitionist in this era were abundant in the south . There was two different groups of abolitionist at the time . One was Gradualism - were ones that would gradually free slaves to Africa . Liberia- was the blacks that made it back . Liberia= Liberation . The last one was immediatism they wanted to END slavery . -
Manifest Destiny
This was the belief that America should have been from west to east coast , and the belief that everything should between the Atlantic and Pacific ocean should be territory of the US . James K. Polk presidential election was dedicated to the achievement of Manifest Destiny. Which happened in 1848 , after the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hildago and the Annexation of Texas . -
Antonio Lopez De Santa Ana
Santa was the dictator of the Mexican- American War . He was commander of the Mexican Army in the Texas Revolution in 1830s and the war of 1840s with the United States . He is also know as a political opportunist . He was a general who served 11 different times as a President . He took a (siesta) nap which caused him to be defeated . -
ULYSSES S. GRANT
The first president after the Civil war was Ulysses Grant . At Appomattox Court House , he was an union general that defeated General Lee , which ended the Civil War . Scams passed through Congress during his presidency , several . Also the Panic of 1837 came along (over speculation) followed in his reign. He was one of the many smart presidents the US has had . -
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Westward Expansion
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Battle of San Jacinto
Known as the turning part in the Mexican American war ,The Battle of San Jacinto . At Santa Ana's camp on April 21, 1836 their was a surprise attack by the Texas forces . Santa Ana's men were overrun in twenty minutes and very shocked. This led to Santa Ana and allowing his men to take a siesta (NAP). Santa Ana then was captured taking as a prisoner and force to sign an armistice of the independence of Texas . 1,500 dead Mexicans and 4 dead Texans wee the results in which the battle ended . -
Wilmot Proviso
David Wilmot a PA Congressman is the creator of thee Wilmot Proviso. This consisted of any new territories taken away from Mexico forbid any slavery. The bill fail to pass the Senate , but did pass the House of Representatives twice. It is such an Important document because it transformed the debate of slavery . -
California Gold Rush
Discovered by James W. Marshall and Sutter's Mill in Coloma , California was gold , and that is when the Gold Rush started. The news soon spread of the discovery , leading to men , women , and even children coming to California from the rest of the United States . Often facing substantial hardships , the " forty niners " early gold seekers traveled by California sailing boat in covering wagons across the Continent . -
Treaty of Guadeloupe Hildago
This was what ended the Mexican American war . From Mexico to United States ownership was given adding 500,000 square miles . This areas was made up of Arizona , New Mexico , Wyoming, Utah , and Colorado . On their quest for Manifest Destiny this was a huge thing for America . The land was disputed between both countries . -
Senecca falls
The Senecca falls convention for Women rights was held by Elizabeth Stanton along with Lucretia Mott in 1848. The location it was held in was Senecca Falls , New York . The rights of women was discuss on the second day by 300 women and 40 men . The Declaration of Sentiments was written which helped to get woman rights , among other gestures . -
Election of 1848
Three candidates were involved in the Election of 1848 , Zachary Taylor, Martin Van Buren , And Lewis Cass. Personality Honest and ignorant and winner was Zachary Taylor .His popularity came from being the hero of the Mexican American war. Voted by the North for being a Whig and by the south because of the many slaves he owned.Martin Van Buren participated in the Free Soil Party which made slavery an issue . Father of Popular Sovereignty was Lewis Cass . -
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman was a slave who risked her life leading the Underground Railroad , gaining slaves their freedom . She was born a slave on a plantation in Maryland , she was also a United States abolitionist and conductor of the Underground Railroad . She was a nurse and spy for the Union during the Civil War . She had a brave soul leading to her making 19 trips on the underground railroad and saving at least 300 slaves and giving them their freedom. -
Compromise of 1850
The compromise of 1850 involved 5 separate bills . The slave Trade in Washington was no longer allowed and the Fugitive Slave Act was amended. A territorial government was entered in Utah and Washington became a free state . It made the fugitive act law stronger , admission of California as a free state , and popular sovereignty in Utah & Mexico dealing with the question of Slavery . -
Industrialization- Immigration
In the population boom , Industrial Revolution played a big role. Immigrants came from all over Europe . The lack of food was a
factor for the Irish to immigrate , and because of potato famine during this time . To escape poor harvest and political turmoil was the reasoning for Germans . And better Economic opportunities was the reason the British and Scandinavians Immigrated to America. -
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Sectionalism
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Uncle tom cabin
The author of Uncle Toms cabin was an abolitionist by the name of Harriett Beecher Stowe. Her book help with the movement of Anti- Slavery, it was published in 1852. The book involved the feelings of North Abolitionist and talk about fugitive slave laws . It made whites more sympathetic to the south and increased the number of North Abolitionist . -
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The civil war
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Emancipation Proclamation
Written in 1862 after Gettysburg ,by Thomas Jefferson was the Emancipation Proclamation . It pronounced slaves in all confederate territories free . Some slaves did not get to be free for the fact they were on confederate land and the Union could not get to them . Northern slaves were not free either because Lincoln did not want to free them all because he did not have the Constitutional power to do so . This turned the Civil War into Liberation and weakened the South . -
Battle of Vicksburg
East of the Mississippi River , the union decided to take Vicksburg from the Confederate during the Civil War .This battle is so important because the capturing Vicksburg divided the confederacy , and proved Grant was a great military union general . -
Fords Theater
The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln was at Fords Theater . He was shot in the back of his head by John Wikes Booth, an famous American actor. During the Civil war times the theater was built in the year of 1863 . When the murder occurred His wife , Mary Lincoln was next to Abe Lincoln when John W. Booth assassinated him in the presidential box. -
Lincolns 10s plan
On December 8 1853 , the ten percent plan was a proclamation issue .The President that made it was Lincoln . Excluding officials and generals , this stated that Lincoln would restore and pardon all those swore loyalty to the Union with oath . And it stated that a government or state could be made by white loyalist reaching about 10 % of population when voting . -
Election of 1864
Abraham Lincoln and McClellan was the candidates of the Election of 1864. Lincoln focused on uniting the South and North while McClellan wants to end the war. Many citizens of the North was tired of the war also so they voted for McClellan, however Lincoln wins . Throughout the rest of this time was about Lincolns death . -
Freedman's Burea
This was a agency system to aid formal slaves in transitioning to freedom , by administrating relief and education . Congress pass this to help newly freed African Americans when finding jobs , education, homes and a way to a better life . It was shown to mean equality between blacks and whites , but sadly this was not the case . -
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Reconstruction
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John Wikes Booth
An actor and southern sympathizer , John W, Booth , fatally shot president Lincoln five days after Lee surrenders at Fords Theater in Washington .He was upset about the defeat of the south during the Civil War , he was a strong confederate supporter . He Murder Lincoln leaving the message ( Sic Semper Tyrannist) " ever thus to Tyrant " south is avenged . -
The 13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment was the right of abolishment of slavery . This establish that slavery was banned from the USA , no more slaves or slavery was allowed , now slaves can be free. African Americans could now do what they want legally .Well this was what it was suppose to be, butt this is not what happened . Hatred and racism from whites begun . Things like Jim crown laws , and white ignorance appeared and rained on black parades . -
kkk
The Ku klux klan was a white hatred group that was a secret domestic militant group in the US that spread throughout the nation . They hid behind white conical hat , mask, and robes . They went around lynching African Americans , Jews and other minorities. -
Panic of 1873
The economy started to plum-it during the presidency of Grant . The caused was to many railroads and factories being formed and existing markets could not bear it all . Nor could over loaning banks to those projects , over speculation , main causes, or much credit . This is mostly why the Reconstruction Era ended . This made people focus on providing for their families , which some how put African Americans on the back burner . -
Hoped to gain British Ally
The South had the largest cotton production in the world , before the Civil War. Making the cordial , British was where they exported their cotton to . Thinking the war was about Sectionalism , not slavery the British allied with the south during the Civil War , before the Emancipation Proclamation . Lincoln changed the course of the war , showing it was not about slavery. The British did not support slavery and had it abolished already s they backed off . -
Propaganda
Some Confederates were disappointed at the lose of the Civil War . They tried to salvage their pride by altering their history . Southerners supported building a more diverse economy by supporting the return of white conservatives powers, championing the expansion of their industries , federal troops and the KKK . They made poems , songs and statues to uplift their sad, little, baby spirits .
