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12,000 BCE
Bering land bridge
Over ten thousand years ago the Bering sea land bridge was the primary route of human migration of Asian natives to the North American continent. Known today as the Bering sea strait was a migration route for early Americans. During the last ice age, the land bridge and most of the Pacific ocean was solid ice creating a quick but dangerous way to cross into the North American continent. The bridge was about 600 miles long and in dangerously cold temperatures it was difficult for native to cross -
Period: 12,000 BCE to
Beginnings to exploration
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1350 BCE
Mesoamerica
Before the Columbus era, Mesoamerica what the start of agriculture in the North American and Central American continent. They were the advanced civilizations in the middle or central American colonies. In the early fifteenth century the Maya, Olmec, and Aztecs had similar cultural features that were established before Europeans entered the continent, they were also unique inhabitants of this region and focused on an agricultural industry. -
1200 BCE
The Olmec
The Olmec was the first civilization to settle in America they began their settlement on the gulf coast of Mexico. They were focused on agriculture, trade, and the ability to construct massive creations. These construction consists of things like the carved colossal heads that represented human head but they were worshiped then later influenced civilizations such as the Aztecs and Maya's. Also constructed and lived in Pueblo houses made of clay they were the first major building in the south. -
Jan 1, 600
The Maya
One of the ancient Mesoamerican civilizations that lived in modern-day southern Mexico. they were very closely related to the Olmec civilization and believed and practiced many things as they did such as the Olmec calendar. They were also known for the development of the hieroglyphic script which was the main form of writing in Mesoamerican civilizations. Also, they contributed to a large factor of art, mathematics and agriculture. -
Jan 1, 1100
The Crusades
The Crusades were a series of violent wars that took place in modern day Europe. It was a series of eight religious wars between the Christian faith and the Muslim faith to secure sacred holy land controlled by each one of the religious groups and lasted around 200 years. the Byzantine Empire/ Christians wanted to protect their land from the Muslims Turks so, In 1095, Pope Urban II ordered for a Crusade against the Muslim turks to maintain control of Jerusalem. -
Jan 1, 1300
the Aztecs
Organized in northern Mexico the Aztecs arrived there in around the early thirteenth century. In the capital city of Tenochtitlan which is now modern-day Mexico city, the Aztecs emerged as the dominant force in central Mexico and created a social, political, religious and commercial organization. In which they also Influenced many surrounding civilizations to there political and religious beliefs in the later fiftheenth century. -
Jan 1, 1350
The Black Death
The Black Death or the bubonic plague was a widespread deadly disease resulting in over one hundred million deaths in Europe and Asia. the plague came to Eurasia from sailors coming across the black sea and docking in Sicilian port of Messina. The people aboard those ships were either dead or in critical condition. The disease was spread by a bacteria called Yersina pestis. This bacteria was very contagious and were spread from person to person and even through insect bites and rodent bites. -
Period: to
English colonial societies
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john smith
In the early 17th century Jhon Smith was an English soldier who played a big part in the colonization of the Jamestown colony. The first permanent colony of English civilization. Smith was an English soldier so he was prepared for just about anything the new world could bring. The colony had a disagreement with the local native tribe, the Powhatan tribe resulting in a threat form the chief Powhatan which was resolved by the chief's daughter, Pocahontas who Smith had a discreet relationship with. -
Royal colonies
In the seventeenth century, there were eight colonies known as the royal colonies which included New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.. Theas colonies were once subjected to the rule of the king or crown and were ruled by the English monarchy. Later the king appointed a governor to each of the colonies as well a council, Later known as the upper house of the legislature as the lower house was elected as property owners. -
Plymouth Colony
The Plymouth colony was an early English settlement in North America and the first permanent American settlement. The settlers were a group of puritans That sild across the Atlantic on a ship called the Mayflower hoping to find religious freedom and build their faith on there new settled land. The colony struggled early on but then was saved by the help from a local native tribe and later became a treaty followed by a feist that became known as Thanksgiving -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was part of the original royal colonies and was the northernmost colony of the time. Like the Plymouth colony, the Puritans came to Massachusetts for religious freedom because of the belief that the English church was too hypocritical but they were still founder under the royal character. The Plymouth and the bay colony were very similar they were established in different locations by different people and the bay colony was more supplied. -
Caribbean Colonies
After Columbus, the British settled and colonized the Carribean islands. The British based their new colony on the crop of sugar cane that all Europeans loved. They used it to build the colonies and just about every else it was used in there tea, food, crop, and everyday life. The Europeans also brought over slaves to help harvest and play sugar cane, there was such high amount of slaves that they outnumbered the white Europeans. -
Navigation Acts
The Navigation Acts was a series of Acts passed by Parliment. Since the Colonies were making a lot of money and becoming wealthy by them selfs they didn't need the help from the European country's The Navigation Acts were made to maintain control of foreign and colonial trade in the colonies and allowed England to collect a taxes in the Colonies -
Salem witch trials
The Salem witch trials started in colonial Massachusets and was a series of trials conducted on people who are accused of witchcraft. There were over two hundred people accused of being possed by the devil and practicing witchcraft. A special court convened in Salem to hear the cases; the first convicted witch, Bridget Bishop, was hanged that June. Eighteen others were hanged and 150 more men, women and children were accused over the next several months. -
Period: to
Colonial America
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Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton was a very influential mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist who is widely recognized as one of the most respected English scientists of all time. He had a major impact on the enlightenment with his proposal of the three laws of motion and the idea of universal gravity. Newton ideas about the universe became the center of the Enlightenment period and his ideas also helped spur the American Revolution. -
Triangular Trade
The Triangular Trade was a trade route that was used in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and involved three ports over the Atlantic ocean, they included Britain, West Africa, and the American colonies. Africa to the Americas to transport slaves, the Americas to Europe to transport raw materials, and Europe to Africa to transport finished goods for sale. The trade was a key factor in the European and American success. -
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was the proposal of reasoning over religion. In the eighteenth century, the philosophical movement of science, logic, and reasoning was proposed to the people of Europe. People who respected and believed in solely religion and were part of the Catholic church were now being convinced and transferring to the ideas of the enlightenment, which erupted in a war with the church. Some countries whent as far as to take the Enlightenments ideas to change their country. -
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was a number of multiple periods of religious revival in American Christian history of the thirteen colonies. The great awakening was proposed by the people to convince those whose ideas were changed by the enlightenment and bring them to the belief of the Christian faith. The Great Awakening was sparked by the proposed ideas of an English evangelical minister by the name of George Whitefield who spread the religeious practices through the american colonies -
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave trade is also known as the Transatlantic slave trade and was the trade of African slaves from West Africa to the Americas by European slave traders. Slaves were needed to harvest the sugar, cotton and, tobacco fields of the plantation, and as it grew in size and population, so did the need for slaves in the American colonies. Slave traders used the middle passage of the triangular trade route to transport enslaved Africans to the American colonies. -
French and Indian War
The French and Indian war or also known as the seven-year war lasted from 1754-1763. The conflict between the British colonies against French over the trade settlements of ohio and french trade forts with native Americans sparked an unexpected war that lasted for seven years and came to an end by the treaty of Paris 1763. The British colonies were lead by General George Washington and the French were allied with the natives. The colonies took control of the land and the French were defeated. -
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin as one of America's founding fathers was also a major contributing factor to the enlightenment from his writings in the constitution. He proposed the ideas that supported the enlightenment and the spread of the beliefs. He also was the prodigious inventor of the lightning rod, bifocals, long arm, and the Franklin stove, all of which contributed to the success of the united states. He also signed the four key documents of American history. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
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Acts of Parliament
The series of several acts of Parlement was an initial spark to the American revolution. These acts were the work of Boston merchants who begin a boycott of British luxury goods, to regulated trade, and commerce in the colonies and were passed to help pay off the debt that the British government had incurred during the French and Indian War. The colonies wanted to break away from the British government and to do so they passed a series of laws that Britain did not obey resulting in war. -
Townshed Act
The Townshend Acts was a series of laws passed by the British government on the American colonies in 1767. The British parliament placed new taxes and took away some freedoms from the colonists these laws included New taxes on imports of paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea, while some were not even produced in the Colonies. The idea was for the British to govern and control the new American colonies. However, the British failed because of rebellion from American citizens. -
Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre was the mass killing of American citizens by British soldiers. Outraged by the Townshed act American citizens marched on to kings street and were stopped by British troops, the patriot mob started, throwing snowballs, stones, and sticks, although the troops were ordered not to fire their weapons there was one who was outraged and fired. Once the soldiers opened fire, the mob scattered, and when all was cleared it resulted in five colonists that lay dead. -
Boston Tea Party
Boston tea party was a raid on three ships that belong to Great Britain in Boston Harbor waters, and the raid consisted of colonist who was members of the Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawk Indians collecting and dumping about a million dollars worth of tea into the Boston harbor, to protest Great Britain's tax on tea. This was known as one of the most serious forms of civil disobedience in american history. -
Patrick Henry
Known for his famous speach at the Virginia Conference Patrick Henery wanted to show that it was important to convince the delegates to secede from Britain; moreover, to fight back against them. Henery's speeches were known to be very persuasive and inspiring, shown by when he said: “Give me liberty or give me death.” That quote helped start the revolution by giving the people the encouragement to go out and fight for there country. -
Battle of Lexington and Concord
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first battles of the American Revolution and had a significant impact on the rest of the war. When hundreds of British troops marched into Concord Paul Revere sounded the alarm and said the British are coming. Then British Army set out from Boston to capture rebel leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock in Lexington. When the British fired the first shot at Lexington it was later known as the shot heard round the world. -
Common Sence
When Tomas Paine published the book of common sense it was an instant best seller. It was indicated as the start of the fight for independence, it was written to influence the American people to no longer taking orders from England, and to establish a new democratic republic. Common Sense impacted a lot of people by its straightforward arguments and influential propositions. It gave Americans the courage to speak up and stand up for what they believe in. -
Articals of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was the first list of rules in the united states government and served as the first constitution. The articles were a list of documents, which favored the state's rights over federal power, which was inadequate after the Revolution when a strong central government becomes necessary. That is one of the biggest reasons the articles failed because the national government did not have the money or the power to control a nation. -
Period: to
The Constitution
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Shays Rebellion
Shay's Rebellion was where the colonist tested the new Articles of Confederation. In an armed uprising, shays rebellion was led by Daniel Shays and thousands of rebels in Massachusetts and rebelled for six months. Protesters had a common goal to prevent the trial and imprisonment of debt-ridden citizens from the revolutionary war. The rebellion play a key part in the rewrite of the constitution from the original Articles of Confederation. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was the congressional proposal of the United States government to admit northwest territory into the union and granted a bill of rights guaranteed to there territory. The ordinance divided the territory into new states to be governed by the US government and to be treated as equal to the original thirteen colonies. It was known to be the only successful thing to come from the Articles of Confederation. -
The Three Branches of government
In the united states constitution, it sets out how our nation is governed and creates a system that separates national powers between the three different branches of government, which are the Executive, Legislative, Judicial branches. Each branch gives a certain power to the house it is under, the Executive gives power to the President and his workers, Legislative gives power to Senate and the House of Representatives, and Judicial gives power to the Supreme Court and lower Courts systems. -
Virginia Plan
The Virginia Plan also known as the Randolph Plan was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. While James Madison was waiting to be assembled at the constitutional convention he wrote up a new plan for the US government. Madison proposed that the Virginia plan would change the colonies by creating an entirely new form of government rather than amending the Articles of Confederation just reconstrut it. -
Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention is known as a gathering of the congressional members to discuss and write a new constitution. During the Constitutional Convention in 1787, delegates debated major issues such as the makeup of the legislature and the effect of slavery on representation, and the number of representatives per state. It was a dispute between small states and big states based on population. For it to happen two-thirds of the States must call a convention to propose them it. -
Period: to
New Republic
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Election of 1788
The election of 1788 was the first presidential election held in the united state. In this election, George Washington becomes the first and only president to be unanimously elected by the Electoral College meaning he was voted on by the people and was the only one that was nominated even if he liked it or not. This new republic of the United States was conducted under the ratification of the new constitution that was radified early that year. -
The Federalist vs The Anti-federalist
The dispute between the two political parties at the time where there was the Federalist who believed in a Strong Central government, and the strong executive branch. Then the Anti-federalist who believed in states rights and there was no need for a strong central government. These arguments continued through the creation of the constitution and were not resolved until years later. -
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights in the United States is the first ten amendments that were added to the United States Constitution in 1791. These amendments gave rights to the citizens that the government can't take it away from them. They included freedom of speech, the right to bear arms, no troops in private homes, no unreasonable search and seizures, the right to plead the fifth, right to a speedy trial, tried to a jury, no cruel punishments, rights to the people, and rights to the state. -
Whiskey rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was a protest of the tax on liquor that was enforced by the federal government and made distillers, and farmers furious, because it raised the price of there beloved whiskey. The rebellion was lead under the command of the war veteran Major James McFarlane and took place in western Pennsylvania. It was also a chance for the colonist to challenge the Constitution under the presidency of George Washington but insted showed the strength and stability of the new government. -
The first cabinet
The Cabinet is the group of all the executive departments and consist of the president's secretary for each department. Washington held the first cabinet meeting which consisted of Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of War Henry Knox, and Attorney General Edmund Randolph. At the time there were 5 cabinet members but only 4 attended, Vice President John Adams did not attend cabinet meetings due to his selfishness and disagreement. -
Washington's farewell address
As George Washington's presidency came to an end he constructed a 32-page handwritten address that he proposed to his fellow citizens consisting of what he believed was the right and wrong for the new nation. He emphasized to his fellow Americans to avoid excessive political party spirit and, In foreign affairs, he warned against long-term alliances with other nations. Although it was a great speech following politicians did not listen and ignored just about everything Washington said. -
Election of 1796
The election of 1796 was the third presidential election in the US but was the first contested presidential election in the new nation and was the only one to elect a President and Vice President from opposing parties. Since Washington refused to serve a third term, Federalist John Adams (president), and Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson (vice-president) were voted into office by beating out Thomas Pinckney a Federalist and Aaron Burr an Anti-Federalist. -
Election of 1800
The election of 1800 was the fourth presidential election of the new states and was when Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated the incumbent president John Adams. Thomas Jefferson was the first president to be part of a different political party as from former presidents. As president, Jefferson proposed as a promise to the people, that he was to govern as he felt the Founders intended, based on decentralized government and trust in the people to make the right decisions for themselves. -
Period: to
Age of Jefferson
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Louisiana purchase
The Lousiana purchase was known as one of the biggest land deals in history, it consists of over 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River. Purchased for approximately $15 million from the French which translates to over a trillion dollars in today's money. The United States wanted to expand west and the purchase helped by doubling the size of the nation and adding some 13 more states and, also gave them the port of New Orleans, and total control over the mississippi river. -
Hamilton vs Burr
Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton were prominent American politicians who both played a big role in the United States government. However, the two had quite an unfriendly conflict so, on July 11, 1804, in Weehawken, New Jersey The two politicians held a dual, in which involved weapons to settle an argument over Hamilton own selfishness and lack of respect. When the duel was over, Hamilton would be faced with a deadly wound, and Burr would be wanted for murder. Hamilton died that day. -
Lewis and Clark
After the purchase of the Louisiana territory in 1803 Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, at the request of President Thomas Jefferson, led an expedition to survey the land West of the Mississippi. Their voyage lasted over two years and in those years the explorers discovered new ways of life, animals, food, and an understanding of the new land. Along the way, they came across a native tribe called the Shoshone and a young girl named Sacagawea who helped the explorers survive the expedition. -
Embargo act of 1807
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law passed by the United States Congress, signed by President Thomas Jefferson to prohibit trade with foreign ports. Jefferson passed the Embargo Act to prove to England and France of American neutrality saying that they don't need them and they can regulate there own trade, and manufacture their own goods. In the idea that the other countries would struggle due to lack of trade with the United States. But instead, the act had a devastating effect on American trade -
Steamboats
By the start of the industrial revolution, the invention of the steam engine was a big success and soon lead to the creation of the steamboat. Although the first proposed version of the steamboat was a failure as were many after that is took several years for inventor John Fitch to come up with a successful construction of the steamboat that he sailed down the Delaware river on. -
Yeoman Farmers
The yeoman farmers were independent farmers who lived and cultivated their own land for personal contributions. They were people of a similar background and had normal lives of agricultural farming. They were known for there Honesty, integrity, also were hardworking and helpful. There were one of the first Americans to demonstrate Republican ideas in the new world. -
War of 1812
The United States declared war on Britain in 1812 because of disputes like Britains reaction to American ship trade with France after they refused to stop seizures and American frustrations from British practice of impressment and British economic blockade of France. The war went on for over two years and finally came to an end in late 1814 with the Treaty of Ghent, which may have ended the war but didn't end the conflict, not even the conflict that started the war was resolved. -
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American Industrial Revolution
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Period: to
Cultural Changes
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Battle of New Orleans
The Battle of New Orleans took place directly after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent on December 24th, 1814, although the British invasion of New Orleans was to take over the most important port city the US had. Andrew Jackson led a small, poorly equipped force to a decisive American victory against 8,000 British troops to keep the city from British control. Afterward, many Americans believed the Battle of New Orleans had won the war of 1812. -
John c. Calhoun
John c. Calhoun a former vice president and member of the house, that had contributions to the civil war and played many different roles in American government. He was well known for his acts on states rights which influenced others to ideas that lead up to the civil war that took place in the 1960s even though Calhoun died in the 1950s. -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 by congress admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. The ideas of the compromise were to maintain a balance in the nation that is evenly divided between slave and free states, in this case, it was Missouri the slave and Maine the free. Also described that anything north of 36°30' parallel was considered a free state. In 1854, the Missouri Compromise was repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act and effects of bleeding kansas. -
Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening was a religious awakening in the United States and brought many Americans under the belief of the different branches of Christianity. Taking place in the nineteenth century the second great awakening was denying the terms and ideas of the enlightenment which was proposed in the eighteenth century. By proposing going back to what religious priest had done in the eighteenth century in the first great awakening when the country was just the original thirteen colonies. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
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Election of 1824
On December second, 1824 the tenth presidential election took place between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. This election was the first where all white men were able to vote instead of just rich white men. Also, all of the candidates in this election were from the democratic-republican party they were Andrew Jackson, John Quincy, Adam William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay. This election was won by Adams but Jackson won the electoral votes. Adams won over a tie that was decided by the house. -
Stephen F. Austin
Stephen F. Austin was known as the founder of Texas because during the westward expansion of America he brought thousands of American settlers into the Mexican colonization of Texas. By doing this it brought Mexico to disliking to new American settlement and being outraged about there laws on slavery, Austin was also part of after Texas was colonized by Americans it had to win its independence for Mexico that was resolved by war which austin played a big role in. -
Cotton Gin
The cotton gin was an American made product that greatly increased the speed of picking seeds from the cotton and straining it. Made by inventor Eli Whitney the cotton gin changed the manufacturing of cotton in America forever by making it more efficient and profitable for farm owners. It also had a big impact on slave labor by increasing production rates which made the demand for slaves increase because owners needed more slaves in the feilds to plant and pick the cotton -
Railroads
After the invention of the railroad transportation was changed forever. The railroads brought trains which brought a fast and easy way of transportation making travel time cut in half. They started making them in 1807 by the north but over time worked its way down to the south mainly to transport goods and sometimes people, and by the mid to late 20s transportation boomed and there was over thirty thousand moles of track in inustrial america -
American system
This system was the proposal of three main ideas to give the American people a thought of good feeling and a reliable economic plan and was proposed by Alexander Hamilton and Henry Clay and was approved by the United States Congress United States Congress. The three parts were a tariff that was used to protect American industry, the national banking system to regulate commerce, and the agricultural system for routes of transportation and trade through ports and canals. -
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson played a key part in American history and became the seventh president by doing so. In important aspects, he was a contributing factor in the war of 1812 and destroyed the second national banking system, he was also the founder of the democratic party. Also forced the Indian removal act of 1830 which happened based on his policies of naitve people and tribes cannot have settlement on american land which he implemented while serving as president. -
Election of 1828
The presidential election of 1828 was seen as a re-match of the 1824 election that involved John Quincy Adams of the New Republican Party who in this election was the incumbent as president and Andrew Jackson of the new Democratic Party who in 1824 won the popular vote as was known as the peoples' person. In the end, Andrew Jackson came out with 56% percent of the popular vote and 178 electoral votes giving him the presidency by a long shot. -
Lowell Mills
The Lowell mills located in Lowell Massachusetts were known to be home to about eight thousand women textile workers that operated the looms and other industrial machinery. These mills were factories and were operated to produce clothing book and other needed goods. The women who worked in the mills were usually young and single and became known as mill girls and later started the first women's rights activist. The Lowell system was implicated from this mill. -
Latter day Saints
The church of the latter day saints was the church of the Mormon faith. The church is involved with all religious Mormon duties and follows the holy bible and the book of Mormon. Founded by Joseph Smith the latter day saints was the original term of the Mormon faith then soon became known as the church of Jesus Christ. -
Abolitionist
Abolitionist were people who became very hated in the south because of there opinions on slavery, they were people who wanted slavery gone and abolished. they became a key role in the underground railroad the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the civil war. William Lloyah Garrison who wrote the anti-slavery newsletters and Jhon Brown who was the key part of the slave rebellion in the south were a famous abolitionist. Then came the 13th amendment and the abolishment of slavery. -
Joseph Smith
The name Joseph Smith became known in American history because of his contribution to the religious spectrum. Smith was the founder of the Mormon religion and started the church of the latter day saints. From starting the Mormonism faith and wrighting the bok of mormon at the age of 24 he brought thousands of americans to practice his new religion that is still quite popular in presant day. -
Indian Removal act of 1830
During the presidency of Andrew, Jackson Congress passes the Indian removal act and was approved and enforced by Jackson. was enacted for all native tribes to migrate west of the Mississippi so that Americans can settle the Indians land and take advantage of there resources. There were some Native tribes reacted to this by rebellion like the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Seminole, Cherokee but were defeated and moved to Oklahoma. For this reason, Jackson was hated by the Indians and is to this day. -
Trail of Tears
After president, Andrew Jackson passed the Indian removal act of 1830 thousands of American Indians were forced to migrate west on the trail of tears, which was the route the Cherokee tribe took from Georgia to Oklahoma. The route got its name from the number of deaths along the way and the devastation that the Indians felt while migrating to the new unknown land. From the eight hundred mile walk, there was about sixteen thousand who made the trip and around four thousand of them who had died. -
Anti-Slave Movement
The Anti-Slave Movement or abolitionism was the protest of abolitionist of the issues and opinions of slavery. Consisted of several battles and deaths people broke out in riots in the north and invasion in the south. The main goal of this movement was for the abolitionist to get justice for what they want and for what the slave want but can do anything about and that was the abolishment of slavery. -
Period: to
Westward Expansion
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Telegraph
The telegraph was the very first form of long-distance communication. created by Samuel Morse the telegraph revolutionized America in many ways of communication making it possible to contact someone in the range that the wire that was connected to it could be reached. Was transmitted by electrical signals that ran through a wire that was connected to other telegraphs, this signal was known as Morse code because of the inventor Samuel Morse, and played a big role in the civil war. -
Manifest Destiny
Was the proposed idea of Americans to expand the country from one ocean to the other, this was the goal of many American people of the time they believe it was their faith. The Louisiana purchase was the first step of the movement west and started a revolution of America to fulfill this duty to concern the west. This was firstin acted by presedent polk who based his whole campain and time in office to compleating this goal of manifest destiny. -
Free Black communities
The idea of free black communities in the North and in the Midwest was the start of southern discrimination. Even though for northern blacks who were not slaves still had to face discrimination and segregation of the southern whites because of the hate they had for the laws that were enacted by the north. In these communities, Blacks were still having to find jobs and the ability to provide for there families and for most, it was a major struggle having to follow through with there task. -
Election of 1840
The election of 1840 consisted of the incumbent President Martin Van Buren that was part of the democratic party and William Henry Harrison who won the election and was the first president under the new political party of the Whigs. This election became to be known as the first modern campaign due to the use of slogans, songs, campaign signs, and a battle like a campaign. The slogan that won the presidency for Harrison was Tippecanoe and Tyler too. -
Election of 1844
This election was based around the political ideas of the annexation of Texas and westward expansion and slavery, between Democrat James K. Polk, and Whig Henry Clay. During the campaign, Polk proposed a slogan Fifty-four Forty or Fight to discuss his ideas for the organ territory and the push west, turn out to be Polk won the election and became the eleventh president of the united states. -
The Great Migration
This was the start of American immigration from foreign countries in the 1840s Irish crop failed so when they ran out of alternatives to make food, and profit they decided to migrate to the united states hoping they would have success, and they did resulting in the mass of Irish migration that left a whole on Irish civilizations and culture in Ireland and neighboring countries. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
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Zachary Taylor
Zachary Taylor was one of the most important American war heroes because if it was not for his actions, guidance, and leadership skills in the Mexican American war part of America may be speaking Spanish today, he also established the American system. People thought that because of his leadership skills that he would be a great fit for the president. Taylor was elected as the twelfth president in 1849 although he only served one year as he died in 1850. Played as a key role in debates on slaves. -
Mexican American War
The Mexican American war was fought over the right to Texas land for the Americans it was one of the first battles fought on foreign soil or in this case Mexican soil the Americans won most of the battles resulting in a major gain of land lead by president James k Polk who wanted to achieve the goal of manifest destiny was not going to let the people of his country down. The American troops were lead by general Zackary Tailor who lead them to victory and the land of texas . -
California Gold Rush
When settlers came to California to settle on the new land there was a magnificent discovery, colonist James W. Marshall found a small gold nugget on his land in Sutter's Mill in Coloma California. After word got out about marshalls discovery people from anywhere and everywhere came to settle in this new land of California all for one reason to get rich. Over 300,000 people moved to California to mine the gold the land had to offer, the increase in the population brought California into the US -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
This was the treaty that ended the Mexican American war and gave the land of Texas over to the American union and was the peace treaty for American settlement and friendly disputes between nations. Signed on February 2nd, 1848 by the Mexican and the United States Republic the treaty gave over an additional 525,000 square miles of Mexican land over to the united states, coming from this were the states of Texas, Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, California, and New Mexico. -
James K. Polk
James Knox Polk was the person who completed the American goal of manifest destiny and was also the eleventh president of the united states and leader of the Mexican American war and advocate of the Jacksonian democracy. The expansion of the United States was possible because of the annexation of the Republic of Texas, the Oregon Territory, and the Mexican Cession which were all contributions from President Polk and help from Zachary Tailor in the war of Mexico and America. -
Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass was a runaway slave from Maryland and was the leader of the abolitionist movement and his speakings to abolitionist over the nation and became well known for his writings and books of slavey. Douglas was born into slavery but was able to escape and was able to teach himself how to read and write and became one of the most intellectual black males of all time, he played contributing roles in the civil rights movement and the abolishment of slavery. -
Compromise of 1850
When the compromise of 1850 was enacted by Henery clay and passed by Congress it brought America into a new view of states rights and the slave trade. There were 5 laws passed such as the fugitive slave act, abolishment of the slave trade in Washington D.C, the admission of California as a free state, and popular sovereignty. These laws were implicated by Clay to enforce the idea of free states and slave states for area gained from the Mexican American war. -
Election of 1852
This election was between former Senator democrat Franklin Pierce from New Hampshire and General Winfield Scott from the Whig party. After the compromise of 1850, the nation was deciding on what the new president will do to the newly admitted states and states rights. Pierce proposed that slavery issues will be resolved and the union will not perish giving him the sat as president by a long shot. -
Underground Railroad
The Underground railroad was where runaway slaves went to get to a safer place and be free from there masters. This route brought hundreds of thousands of slaves to freedom and was the reason Congress passed the fugitive slave law, so owners can try to get their slaves back. people such as Harriet Tubman who helped thousands of slaves escape to freedom was one of there reasons the underground railroad was so successful and why it was a key part of the civil war because of angry southerners. -
Bleeding Kansas
Bleeding Kansas was the series of violent affairs between people of the state of Kansas and neighboring states, on issues over slavery in Kansas. The civil disturbances were the fighting between anti slave followers and slave followers resulting in bloody and deadly conflicts. This conflict is for the same reasons of the civil war which started five years after this and some say was the first battle fought of the civil war. -
John Brown's Raid at Harper's Ferry
John Brown was a famous abolitionist proposed an idea of an armed slave revolt at Harper's Ferry Virginia. Brown Gathered a group of about twenty-two white men and proposed that they will raid the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, and he would provide escaped slaves with weapons to fight back hoping they would come and join him to conduct a revolt, agents the slave owners in Virginia, But Brown and his men were defeated in a matter of minutes and brown was sentenced to death by hanging. -
The North
The North is also known as the union in the civil war and were under the control of the newly elected president Abraham Lincoln. Who wanted to keep the union together over the conflict of slave states, but failed so decided to find a way to abolish slavery but by doing so the nation went to war. Under the ruling of general Ulysses s Grant, the Union army had the advantage in population, industrialization, and industry. Making it an almost unfair advantage but the south still fights and loses. -
The South
When the south succeeded from the union and brought with them eleven of the union states due to issues on states rights over slavery it broke out in a bloody civil war. The southern army called themselves the Confederacy under the leadership of General Robert E Lee. Although The south had fewer soldiers less ammo less money and less gear they had the strategy and the skills to fight which the north lacked and resulted in southern victory early on but faded when the north added slaves. -
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The Civil War
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Robert E Lee
Robert E Lee was The leader of the Confederate army in the civil war and a very good war general. Lee conducted his army through multiple victories and was able to give the south a fighting chance despite the major disadvantages that they faced. After years of fighting Lee's army was smaller tired and very low on supplies clothing and food and were not standing a chance against the north so in 1865 at Appomattox court house Robert E Lee surrenderd to the union. -
Battle of Antietam
This civil war battle was known as the bloodiest day in American history, this battle consisted of over 23,000 death to both the union and the Confederacy. The battle of Antietam held in Sharpsburg Maryland where Union troops defeated the Confederate troops but the Confederacy was able to flee back to Virginia resulting in a longer conflict. A few days after this battle Lincoln released the emancipation proclamation which freed slaves from there owners making the south revolt. -
Missouri
During the civil war, Missouri was a border state which made people ho lived in it have to be sent to fight for the union or the Confederacy, there were about 110,000 men fought for the Union and only around 40,000 that fought for the Confederacy. Congress admitted the Missouri compromise of 1820 making it a slave state but anything west of the 36-30 line prohibited slavery. -
Sherman's March to the Sea
Civil war general William Tecumseh Sherman of the Union Army conducted 60,000 soldiers on a 285-mile trek from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia, and was ordered to destroy everything they could. Shermans idea was to take over Atlanta and intimidate the southerners to give up and surrender the Confederate cause. He succeeded in September of 1864 and a few months later general Robert E Lee surrenders the Confederacy to the north to end the war. -
Wade Davis Bill
The Wade Davis Bill was constructed for southern states that had succeeded from the union and after their defeat in the civil war would want to be readmitted to the union they could. For it to be enforced states are required that 50 percent of that state's white males must take the loyalty oath to be readmitted to the Union. In addition, states who are readmitted were required to give blacks citizens the right to vote. But this bill never took effect because when broght to lincoln he vetoed it. -
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Reconstruction
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Election of 1864
This election Republican incumbent Abraham Lincoln defeated Democrat George B. McClellan, this election consisted of only the Union states and for the Confederate states were still on their own they had no vote in the election, giving the outright win to President Lincoln. As the country was still recovering from the war they wanted to keep the person who got them through it in office, and Lincoln came out with 212 electoral votes and McClellan ended with 21. -
The KKK
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Freedmen's Bureau
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Assassination of Lincoln
At fords theater in Washington D.C Lincoln was attending a play with his wife, during the play an actor that performs at the theater named John Wilkes Booth comes up behind Lincoln and shots him in the back of the head with a small dagger pistol. Lincoln eas brought to a nearby safe house where he was layed down on a bed then shortly after he died there. Booth got away but was killed a few days later in an old barn he was shot multiple times. -
Election of 1866
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Election of 1868
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Freedom Amendments
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The New South
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Jim Crow
