-
Period: 50,000 BCE to
Beginnings To Exploration
-
Period: 50,000 BCE to
Beginnings of Exploration
-
3114 BCE
Maya's written language
The Maya's written language is absolutely nothing like the English alphabet we know, instead, it is written and made up of glyphs, objects, and symbols. The meanings of the written language are a three combination sequence which represents actions or objects (pictographs), and the symbols they use could indicate an adjective, a plural, or numbers. There are around one hundred different symbols in the Maya script and scribes that can be around maybe tree hundred to five hundred signs. -
476
The fall of the Roman Empire
The Romanian Empire was well known around the world at the time as they were one of the strongest empires out there. There are many reasons that the Roman Empire had its downfall ranging from economical issues, over-expanding it's military, overspending on military, and the several attacks on the empire during it's time (most being from Barbarian tribes). The Empire finally came to its end when Romulus, the last of the Roman Emperors was overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer who than ruled. -
1340
The Black Death
The Black death was one of the most devastating times in European history as the disease, bacterium Yersinia pestis destroyed the Euro population from the years 1347 to 1351. The disease came from black rats that came aboard merchant ships. The rats then spread on the ships and then was spread across Europe when the ships arrived. The Black Death or as some people call it the Black Plague, was responsible for over 25 million deaths around Eurasia which was about 30% to 50% of it. -
1428
Aztecs on Human Sacrifice
In the Aztec empire, human sacrifice were necessary as it was a religious ceremony. These sacrifices were most of the time people who were prisoners or chosen by people and were forced to be sacrificed. The Aztecs believed that it properly appeased the gods they believed in. There is no exact number to how many people were sacrificed and forced to be sacrificed. The religious ceremony took place where many gathered and many others were put to death by the "sacrificial knife". -
Apr 15, 1452
Leonardo Da Vinci during the Renaissance
Leonardo Da Vinciwas born on April 15th, 1452 and was known to be a genius around the time of the Renaissance and is best known today for his majestic art pieces like the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. Leonardo Da Vinci or "The Renaissance man" as they called him was a one of the smartest people to ever live and was he was supposedly connected to science and nature. -
1492
Amerigo Vespucci
Amerigo Vespucci is best known for his first name being used for the continents of North America and South America. Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian navigator and explorer who was the first (before Christopher Columbus) to recognize North and South America as two different continents that was unknown to other continents because they were scared of the earth being flat and did not want to explore. These continents were known as the New World. Even with Vespucci's discovery, Columbus got credit. -
1492
The Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange was a widespread of exchange of plants, animals, spices, cultures, human populations, technologies, and ideas between the continents of North America and South America, the continents of the Old World, and in West Africa in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Columbian Exchange was named after Christopher Columbus.Although goods were exchanged between the continents, so were deadly diseases that spread across these continents throughout the years. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
-
The Chesapeake Colonies
The Chesapeake Colonies were made up of the Maryland and Virginia. In Jamestown Virginia, where the first pioneers landed during their voyage for religious freedom, made their economy from their fortunes through the planting of tobacco. This tobacco planting was beginning to spread around and the Maryland colonies decided to join in the cultivation of tobacco. Political and religious matters differed from other colonies like the New England Colonies. -
Plymouth Colony
The Plymouth Colony was founded because of Puritans who wanted to seek religious freedom from the church of England an the Queens authority or to simply try to find a better way of life. The colonization of the Plymouth Colony survived when they met a Native American named Squanto and became a guide to the people. Squanto and his tribe shared with the Plymouth colony their knowledge of farming, fishing, and hunting. In return the colony shared guns and other weapons with the Native Americans. -
Royal Colonies
Royal colonies or also known as propriety colonies are colonies that are controlled directly from the king of England. The seven colonies that were under the royal kings authority and were known as the royal colonies were New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. There were also three propriety colonies which are Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Also there were 3 charter colonies Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. -
The Charter Colonies
The Charter Colonies were established in the 17th century and where the colonies Massachusetts (1628), Rhode Island (1636), Connecticut (1662), New York (1624), and New Jersey (1660) were all established as new colonies. Being charter colonies means that British colonies in America are governed by royal charter without direct interference from the crown basically meaning they are a colony that the queen does not interfere with. -
Triangular Trade
The triangular trade was a transatlantic slave trade that has gone on for more than three hundred years carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between the continents of West Africa (were most the slaves came from) South America and North America, the Caribbean Islands, and Europe. Imports and exports were coming around about all over the world. -
Puritans
The Puritans were a group of English protestants of the 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth the second as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate their own forms of worship. Puritans believed that god had formed an agreement with them that said that those who had remained to the church of England and to the queen of England would be able to change their sinful ways and somehow become pure to the heart. -
Navigation Act
The Navigation Act of 1651 was an act directly for Dutch for limiting their trade with the English Colonies. The act also made it to were all trades between England and colonies were to be carried by English or colonial vessels so they were to be checked. This act was the beginning of the result of the Anglo-Dutch war. England's government or "parliament" wanted to make sure that they could supervise the imports and exports they were receiving. -
Salem Witch Trials
In 1962 Massachusetts more than 200 people where accused of the participation of practicing the bible forbidden witch craft. There were multiple series of court cases during this time due to many false accusations on many people practicing witch craft. These court cases were more often than not had the defendant guilty and executed by death from hanging. If they were not found guilty, they were to be put under water anyways were they were drowned and if they survived they were a witch. -
Period: to
Colonial America
-
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was a series of Christian Revivals that swept Britain and its Thirteen Colonies between 1730 to the 1400s. The Great Awakening was considered the most important event for the American Religion. It started as a movement that altered religious beliefs, practices, and relationships between the American colonies. It broke the Monopoly of the Puritan church as colonists began pursuing diversity in religion. -
French and Indian War
The French and Indian War, or the Seven Years War was a war in North America and was a war between Great Britain and France. The war began in 1756 when the fighting between French and colonists merged into a European conflict involving France, Austria, and Russia against Russia and Britain. The French and Indian War was fought to decide if Britain or France would be the strong power in North America. The war was than won by the British and a treaty called The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1763. -
Changes in Agriculture (Industrial Revolution)
The changes in agriculture during the Industrial Revolution came with improvements of life as new inventions were being made to make the lives easier. Things like the iron plow that was a tool for farmers to make it easier to turn their soil. The Crank Churner which made it easier for people to turn their butter. And the Cotton Gin that made it way easier for cotton pickers to separate the seeds from the cloth. -
Acts of Parliament
The Acts of Parliament were basically rules or taxes civilians in the thirteen colonies had to follow. Acts like the Stamp act, sugar act, quartering act, declaratory act, townshend act, tea act, and the intolerable acts were forced upon the civilians causing them to act against and protest against them. Protests and boycotts like the Boston tea party or the Boston Massacre were all due to the Acts of Parliament. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary Era
-
Jackson Administration
The Jackson Administration was The spoils system was a method of appointing officials to the government of the United States of America based on political connections rather than on impersonal measures of merit. The Nullification Crisis came about in 1832 after South Carolina declared that the Federal Tariffs signed into law by President Andrew Jackson were unconstitutional. -
Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre was an event were Bostonian's gathered around and harassed British soldiers. Soldiers were aggravated and shot into the crowd killing a total of 5 people. Colonists took advantage of this scar in history though, using propaganda to make many around Boston outraged of the event that occurred. Due to this, Parliament repealed the Townshend Act but with the civilians feelings still strained and wanting no taxation without representation. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was another protest by the civilians of Boston. Some Bostonian's got drunk and decided to dress up as native americans even painting there faces and having feather on there head, and board British tea ships and dump three hundred forty two chests of tea into Boston Harbor. The British in response decided to close down the harbor and apply the coercive acts (intolerable acts). -
Henry Clay
Henry Clay was a senator of the United States who ran for presidency two years in a row losing both. During his running term he tried to beat Andrew Jackson (his opponent) by trying to use the second Bank of The United States against him but ended up back firing at himself because Andrew Jackson put the second Bank of The United States out of existence by de-funding it after he feared his opponents would fund it. -
Free Black Communities
The Free Black Communities was successful and large in the north and mid-west. These communities received a bunch of discrimination and prejudice. These communities also had to compete with immigrants on looking for jobs to support for them and their families. Things like black churches were created as well due to all the hate and shade that was being thrown at these communities. It was not a pleasing community to live in but it was better than being a slave. -
John C. Calhoun
John Caldwell Calhoun was the former vice president of the United States and served under John Quincy Adams and continued under Andrew Jackson. Some people called Calhoun a war hawk because he encouraged the nation to go to war against England in 1812. John C. Calhoun was also South Carolina senator, and used the argument of states' rights to protect slavery in what is known as the Nullification Crisis of 1832-1833. At the end of his senatorial career, Calhoun opposed the Compromise of 1850. -
Period: to
The Constitution
-
Shay's Rebellion
Shay's Rebellion was a post war rescission which lasted six months in the state of Massachusetts, was started because farms were being seized by the national government making farmers very unhappy. Daniel Shay, leader of this rebellion would join and lead revolutionary war veterans who were also upset with the seizing. Many leaders knew the rebellion cause fear across the land and knew it was time to change as they were worried the United States may not have survived -
Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention was a gathering for a purpose of writing a new constitution or revising the existing constitution. The two plans: Virginia Plan (large states) would have a 2 house legislature, upper and lower house, and would be represented by the people. New Jersey Plan (small states) is a modified version of the Articles of Confederation, single legislature, executive elected by congress and less power to judiciary. Connecticut Plan: bicameral legislature senate, modern day. -
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania, found and named by the man William Penn, and was home to the religious group known as Quakers (not the oatmeal). A Quaker is a religious society that was founded by George Fox and members of this society were devoted and demanded to have nothing else besides peaceful principles in their lives with everything and everyone around them. Quakers religious beliefs said that most "friends" believe in continuing revelation, or the belief that truth is directed to individuals of god. -
The Great Debate
The Great Debate was between Federalists and Anti-Federalists. Federalists supported the constitution, wanted a powerful government, opposed the bill of rights, wanted checks and balances. Anti-Federalists wanted a not so strong government, state rights, they supported the bill of rights, and republicanism depended on informed populations. At the end of the debate, the Federalists won. Federalists made the constitution the law of the land, and guaranteed individual rights and liberties. -
Election of 1788
The Election of 1788 was the first ever presidential election that featured candidates George Washington, John Adams, Samuel Huntington, and John Jay. With George Washington basically being seen as a god-like figure and being everyone's favorite, he wins easily with John Adams finishing second who becomes the vice president. With the first election also came the first cabinet being based on the Prime minister's system and being important part of running the United States government. -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was a weak but replaced the U.S. constitution in 1789. There were many problems with the Articles of Confederation as it was very weak and quickly written, this caused it to be short on funds, have no central government authority, congress was not able to get anything done, and states did not comply to it. The Articles of Confederation would not last long as the United States' new constitution. -
Three Branches of the government
The three branches of the government are the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial. The Executive branch is where the electoral college system was created and the college would be then chosen by legislature. The branch was made for the elite not the common man and believed a 4 year term with no limits on re-election should be allowed. The legislative branch holds the Congress, the House of Representatives, and the Senate allowing them to ratify treaties. The Judiciary branch ran the jury. -
Period: to
The New Republic
-
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was started because of the United States government applying a twenty-five percent tax on all whiskey. This made farmers around Pennsylvania and Kentucky furious as whiskey was earning them a huge economic profit. Farmers decided to revolt as six thousand farmers gathered and marched down to attack Pittsburgh. To stop this rebellion, president George Washington marched his army down to Pittsburgh to put it down. This was the first test of the new United States constitution. -
Bank of the U.S.
The first Bank of the United States was created because of the debt the United States held after the Revolutionary War and due to the fact that many different states had a different form of currency. The bank was built in Pennsylvania, where at the time was the nations capital. When the bank was up and running it was making loans, allowing depositories, and allowed investors to invest privately. The bank was not yet constitutional but became chartered in 1791. -
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights created on December 15, 1791 was a bill created to protect the rights of the people of the United Sates. Ten constitutional amendments were enforced with the 1st being, freedom of speech, 2nd right to bear arms, 3rd no quartering troops, 4th search and seizure limitations, 5th the right to remain silent, 6th speedy trial, 7th trial by jury, 8th no excessive punishment, 9th power to the people, and the 10th power to the states of the United States. -
Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana
Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana who's real full name Antonio de Padua Maria Severino Lopez de Santa Ana y Perez de Lebron, was a Mexican army general and a dictator politician. Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana fought to defend away the United States while they were trying to Expand their territory out west. Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana would later become so overconfident during the battles of the war and was surprised when Sam Houston came in and absolutely annihilated him and his army later capturing him. -
Election of 1796
The Election of 1796 happened after George Washington did not want to serve another term starting the culture of only serving two terms. The election candidates were John Adams and Thomas Jefferson (republicans versus federalists). John Adams wins presidency and Thomas Jefferson wins vice president because no one else ran for it. The end of George Washington's presidency came along with his farewell address, stating two terms were enough, avoid conflicts, and to have no permanent alliance. -
XYZ Affair
The XYZ Affair was when the United States sent out three diplomats to meet three French diplomats to discuss the Jay Treaty as it caused problems as it limited French trade. This caused the French to start seizing United States' ships to express their anger with the treaty. Word got out and an undeclared naval war began. With the U.S. having a very weak naval force, the navy would be created and would be tripled. But negotiators from France would ask for 10 million dollars and an apology. -
Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening was about religious revival during the early 1800s in the United States. The Second Great Awakening was said to be extremely because it led to establishment of reform movements to injustices and suffering like the temperance movement, suffrage for women, and the abolitionists movements. The Second Great Awakening was led by powerful preachers who held large revivals throughout the American Colonies and drew the attention of many people. -
Period: to
Age of Jefferson
-
Election of 1800
With the election of 1800 coming, John Adams was seen as weak as many events were unfolding around him. Yet, John Adams decided to run a for a second term against a familiar opponent in Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson would win against John Adams... sort of, because he tied with another running candidate, Aaron Burr. The election would now be turned to the House of Representatives where a deal would be struck making Thomas Jefferson the official president of the United States. -
Thomas Drew
Thomas Stevenson Drew was a man who worked many jobs such as a paddler, schoolteacher, farmer, railroad speculator, and governor of Arkansas. But Thomas Stevenson Drew was also an anti-abolitionist which means that he was the opposite of what an abolitionist was and wanted to chose to support slavery. -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was a purchase made by Thomas Jefferson for 15 million dollars. The reason Thomas Jefferson wanted to buy such a huge amount of land was because he wanted a nation of farmers. Land was sold for three cents and acre and Jefferson would send Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the new land that was just purchased. Lewis and Clark started in Saint Louis making their way up the Missouri River and meeting a girl named Sacagawea. -
Hamilton versus Burr
The Alexander Hamilton (who was the Federalists leader) versus Aaron Burr (Vice President) duel was an illegal duel between two American politicians who hated each other. The results ended up as Aaron Burr putting Alexander Hamilton to death. -
Changes in Transportation
During the Industrial Revolution, there were changes in transportation that would make things a lot more simpler. New inventions like the turnpike (which is an expressway with a toll charge), the steamboat, canals, and more railroads were being produced to make the way of getting goods and people around at a much faster pace than ever before. These new inventions made it easier for businesses to ship their goods to places faster and at an efficient pace and also made it easier to get around. -
Embargo act of 1807
The Embargo Act of 1807 was the United State's reaction to impressment by the British. The Embargo Act was a law passed by Congress forbidding all exportation of goods from the United States. Britian and France had been continuously harassing the U.S. and seizing U.S. ship's and men. The U.S. was not prepared to fight in a war, so President Thomas Jefferson hoped to weaken the British and France by stopping trade. -
Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson who would be the 17th United States president
after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln after John Wilkes Booth shot him, he served presidency through the years
April 15, 1865 to March 4, 1869 and would be known to be a very racist president. He allowed confederate southern soldiers and military generals to promise their loyalty to the union under oath and let them go giving them their land and rights back -
War of 1812
The war of 1812 was started because many American citizens wanted to go to war with Britain. Even though the British was still the strongest army in the world at the time and had a way stronger navy force compared to the United States balloon rafts (expression) America still declared war on the British. The war of 1812 would last three years long with the final battle ending in New Orleans which Andrew Jackson defeated the British and ending the war as a draw. -
Mass Production during the Industrial Revolution
Mass Production during the American Industrial Revolution is what made it the "Industrial Revolution" as many inventions were being massed produced, chopping down prices to make life easier. Things like the printing press, and the cotton gin were blooming especially in the south with Landowners making their slaves use the cotton gin to produce cotton at a much faster rate than it would be hand picked. Factories also made it easier to mass produce these products as it made things faster than hand -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
-
Battle of New Orleans
The historical Battle of New Orleans was the final battle of the War of 1812 (which people thought was a stupid war) with Andrew Jackson defeating the British with a ragtag bi-racial army. Even though this battle was fought, the War of 1812 was basically over before this battle even occurred and with the American Victory the war had ended in a tie. It was considered to be the second war of independence making Andrew Jackson famous and Native Americans taking a huge loss. -
Missouri Crisis
The Missouri Compromise was an attempt by Missouri to come into the United States as a slave state. The Northern States went against this admission and wanted Missouri to come in as a free slave state. The South wanted them to come in as a non free slave state. The Missouri Compromise was brought to life to make sure Missouri became both a slave state and free state drawing 36 30 degree line. Land above the line were to be free and land below the line were allowed to have slaves. -
Adams-Onis Treaty 1819
The Adam-Onis Treaty of 1819 which is also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, or the Florida Purchase Treaty, was a treaty signed which stated Spain would hand over Florida to the United States for five million dollars and Spain also recognized the claims to the Oregon Country. -
Period: to
A Changing Culture
-
Mormons
A Mormon is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ and modern day saints and was found Joseph Smith, Jr in 1823. Mormons believed that Jesus paid for the sins on earth and that all people can be saved through his sayings. Mormons accepted Jesus' sayings though faith, becoming a baptist, and always trying their best to try to live their life like Jesus Christ himself. Mormons also appealed to farmers and traders and people who did very poorly in the industrialization revolution. -
MONROE DOCTRINE
The MONROE DOCTRINE written by John Quincy Adams was a speech. As it was stated by President Monroe in 1823, that the U.S. opposed further European colonization of and interference with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere. The MONROE DOCTRINE was written because the United States and Britain were worried over the possibility of European colonial expansion in the Americas. Britain feared that Spain would attempt to reclaim its former colonies which had recently gained independence. -
Period: to
The Age of Jackson
-
Stonewall Jackson
Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson was a southern confederate army general during the American Civil War and was one of the best confederate commanders falling only behind the infamous general Robert E. Lee. Stonewall Jackson died when he was accidentally shot by his own confederate troops during the battle of Chancellorsville and then dies a couple of days after. The death of Stonewall Jackson turned the tides of the Civil War since his leadership was so very great. -
Election of 1824
The Election of 1824 was a year that had four candidates running for the president position including John Quincy Adams (Democratic-Republican Party), Andrew Jackson (Democratic), Henry Clay (Democratic-Republican), and William Crawford (Democratic-Republican). The real match up was between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson though as Jackson was the one to receive the popular vote and Adams was the one to win the electoral vote. -
Age of the Common Man
The Age of the Common Man was a lead - up to the election of 1828. This was a time where Andrew Jackson and his supporters wanted revenge against his former opponent John Quincy Adams. The corrupt bargain is what led to John Quincy Adams becoming president after the House of Representatives elected him. -
Election of 1828
The Election of 1828 was the election Andrew Jackson swore he would get his revenge against his past opponent, John Quincy Adams. Jackson came up with new strategies like promoting his great military career his democratic value. Both Adams and Jackson would attack each other with rumors calling each other womanizers (people who abuse women) and Adams event went as far as to attacking Andrew Jackson's wife Rachael. It was a very nasty election but at the end Andrew Jackson would become the victor -
Growing Cities during the Industrial Revolution
Cities during the American Industrial Revolution were growing at a fast rate with people traveling up north, flocking these urban cities due to new opportunities the American Industrial Revolution gave. The first slums came around this time and so did segregation neighborhoods which separated colored people and white people. Crime also was increased as the neighborhoods got bigger as alcohol and racial tensions were now becoming a problem, soon being the first making of the police forces. -
Revivalism
Religious revivals and revivalism in 1830s was a time in the 19th century where the United States' citizen experienced a new interest in their religions. During this the market revolution was going bad since all citizens believed they should receive free will. Many people liked to receive direct preaching. It also increased spiritual interest or renewal in the life of a church society, with a local, national or global effect. -
Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was a network of people, African American as well as white, offering shelter and help to escaped slaves from the South. It developed as a convergence of several different clandestine efforts. The exact dates of its existence are not known, but it operated from the late 18th century to the Civil War The reason many escapees headed for Canada was the Fugitive Slave Acts. It allowed governments to apprehend slaves and to punish anyone helping the fugitives. -
Temperance Movement
The Temperance Movement was the movement against alcohol beverage consumption. People were drinking all day, getting intoxicated, and even sleeping or throwing up where ever they were even in front of the white house. Those who were leading the temperance movement wanted to prove that alcohol was an unpleasant experience to be around describing the effects on the communities people and the own persons personality. -
Election of 1832
The Election of 1832 featured 3 runner in Andrew Jackson (Democratic) re-running for president after winning the 1828 election against Henry Clay running another for his second time (National Representatives) or (anti-jacksons) and William Wirt (Anti-Masonic). The issues at the time were the second Bank of The United States which Jackson hated but Clay thought the Bank was what what lead him to be victorious. At the end of the election Jackson would destroy Clay easily being re-elected. -
Battle of San Jancinto
The Battle of San Jancinto was started by a surprise attack against Santa Anna's troops which Sam Houston set up. The Battle of San Jancinto was one of the shortest battles in the battle for Texas' independence that only lasted twenty minutes and resulted in capturing the dictator and military general Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. This battle is historically significant because a small Texan military force defeated a larger and more experienced army which resulted in the independence of Texas. -
Election of 1836
The Election of 1836 featured Martin Van Buren (Democrat) versus many other Whig representatives but the main Whig would by led by William Henry Harrison. This election was barely won by Martin Van Buren (Old Kinderhook "OK"). While he was president many things around the United States would be going down hill because of him and would later lead on to the panic of 1837, or a time where the United State's economy was plummeting. Martin Van Buren's name was now known as "Martin Van Ruin". -
Yeoman Farmers
A Yeoman Farmer was a small landowner (usually being a white family in the south because of the agriculture) who would farm on their own land without any slaves helping them. These people were honest, virtuous, hardworking, and independent. These same values made yeomen farmers central to the republican vision of the new nation. -
Period: to
Westward Expansion
-
Election of 1840
The Election of 1840 featured Martin Van Buren (Democratic) re-running for his second term which was a joke since no one liked him, against General William Henry Harrison (Whig). Many Whig candidates would spread rumors about Martin Van Buren. General William Henry Harrison would win in a landslide but would only live for one month during his presidency and vice president John Tyler would soon become president to take his place. -
Changes in Communication
Communication during the Industrial Revolution was changed too as things liked the telegraph were invented that changed the way people communication. The telegraph was created by Samuel Morse as to why they call communication the telegraph "Morse Code". It was easier to receive quicker news. Printing also became easier and cheaper due to it being massed produced. -
Election of 1844
The presidential election of 1844 was the election between the democrat, James K. Polk, and the Whig, Henry Clay. The important things that surrounded this election was the annexation of the Republic of Texas and the controversial issues of slavery. The 1844 presidential election led to James Polk being elected the 11th President of the United States. It was a close election where Whig candidate Henry Clay barely lost the election. -
Annexation of Texas
The Annexation of Texas which happened during the presidency of James K. Polk, and was also part of his three goals was a huge add on to the expansion of the United States. Although the annexation of Texas quickly resulted in being one of the main reasons of the Mexican - American war, there were also many other reasons like Americans bringing slaves into Texas when they were told not to, Americans also disobeyed the Mexican laws. -
Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Proviso was an attempt at a proposal to prohibit slavery in the territory acquired by the United States at the conclusion of The Mexican - American War. The proposed amendment narrowly passed through the House of Representatives but it was then defeated in the Senate. While it didn't become law, the Wilmot Proviso was did sharply dividing the Democratic Party and the nation over the issue of slavery. -
Bear Flag Revolt
The Bear Flag Revolt is still California's flag today. The grizzly bear on California’s state flag can trace its origins to a revolt that unfolded in 1846 during the early days of the Mexican-American War. Settlers from the United States came to believe through rumors that the Mexican government was going to launch a strike on California. They decided that they were going to strike first with John C. Fremont being their army officer during their revolt. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
-
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo or also called the treaty of peace is the treaty that was signed after the Mexican - American war was over, with United States being victorious.With the treaty being signed on February the 2nd of 1848, it is the oldest treaty still in force between the United States and Mexico. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The Seneca Falls Convention was t he first women's right convention that happened in New York, July 19 - 20, 1848. The ones who started the movements were Elizabeth Cody Stanton and Lucretia Mott who gather three hundred women and men. The Seneca Falls Convention meeting, the attendees drew up its "Declaration of Sentiments" and proposed that women should be granted the right to vote in the United States. -
Free Soil Party
The Free Soil Party was a breakaway faction of the Democratic Party and was largely absorbed by a republican Party in 1854. Its main purpose was to stop the expansion of slavery into the territories, arguing that free men on free soil comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery. The free spoilers were against the expansion of slavery but not the idea of slavery; their goal was to gain the land to the west, and keep the land free of slaves. -
Gringos
The word gringo originally came from some Mexicans who overheard Americans singing a song and overthinking that they were saying the word "gringo". The word gringo is now used this day to describe an American or someone who just isn't Mexican or a Latino. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 consisted of five different topics and five different bills. The of the first part of the compromise would set California as a free state. The second part of the compromise would let New Mexico and Utah decide to be a slave state. The third part of the compromise was that congress would abolish the sale of slaves but not in Washington D.C. The Fourth part of the compromise would claim that Texas would give up NM for 10 mil. The fifth part was the fugitive slave act order. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Uncles Tom Cabin written by Harriet Beecher Stowe was a novel that was written about the aiding or assisting of runaway slaves in crime free states. The book Uncle Tom's Cabin was an important part in the history of slaves as it would later have a major influence on the American public view on slavery and would also tighten the fugitive slave act. -
Election of 1852
The Election of 1852 was between running mates Franklin Pierce who was representing the democrats, and Winfield Scott who was representing the Whigs. Franklin Pierce would win the election making him the 14th president of the United States. During the election Winfield Scott allied himself with anti - slavery whigs but the Whig party would then begin to fall apart as a representative group. Franklin Pierce would serve through March 4, 1853 through March 4, 1857. -
Nebraska Kansas Act
The Nebraska Kansas Act was an act that would make Nebraska a free slave state and would make Kansas a slavery state. But southerners were afraid that both of the states would be free states and wanted to abolish the Missouri compromise, and also wanted a transcontinental railroad system. The 36 degree and 30 degree would be repealed because of this act. On May the 30th, 1854 the act was passed and popular sovereignty was also passed -
Bleeding Kansas
Bleeding Kansas or Bloody Kansas was a series of violent events over slavery. Abolitionists were the ones who would fund these movements. Pro slavery interest re-recruited the illegal voters. Anti-Slavery settlers establish antislavery government so there were now two government inside of Kansas. Congress now debated the issue with senator Charles Sumner to give crime against kansas speech and also the event of Preston Brooks attacking Senator Charles Sumner with a cane in front of congress. -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
The Dred Scott versus Sandford trial was a case in court that made its way up all the way to the Supreme Court Of The United States and was about Dred Scott's a former slave sueing his former master. The Supreme Court Of The United States stated that the ruled that slaves were not citizens and would not be able to sue anyone. The Supreme Court Of The United States also ruled that congress could not regulate slavery in neither the north or south. Tensions in the North were than further escalated. -
John Brown's Raid
John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry was an abolitionist movement by John Brown who was obviously an anti-slave protester but wanted to protest by violence. John wanted to initiate an armed slave revolt in Harpers Ferry, Virginia by taking over a United States arsenal. John Brown's arsenal at of 22 was supposedly supposed to be added on by more slaves joining his arsenal but did not happen. His arsenal which lasted two days was then taken on by U.S. Marines capturing Brown and later hanging him. -
Period: to
The Civil War
-
Neutral States in the Civil War
The Neutral States in the Civil War were slave states that stayed loyal to the Union during the war. The states that stayed neutral during this war were Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and West Virginia. Both the Union and Confederacy did not want the Neutral states to get involved with the Civil War because they were scared of who they would side with. During the War West Virginia also separated from Virginia because Virginia was a Confederate Sate. Neutral States were also known as border states -
The South during the Civil war
The South during the Civil War was known to have many disadvantages against the strong confident Union as the best things that were available to the Southern Confederacy were there tremendous military leadership experience, huge confidence in themselves as they compared themselves as the patriots of the thirteen colonies and hoped that they would find allies with foreign countries like Britain. But they had many weaknesses like clothing, railroads, low population, and very low industrialization. -
Armies in the Civil War
The main armies in the Civil War were the Army of Potomac, the Army of Northern Virginia, and the Army of the Tennessee. The Army of Potomac was the army that would be fighting for the Union and the Army of Northern Virginia and the Army of the Tennessee would be the armies that would be fighting for the Confederacy. General Robert E. Lee was the general of the Army of Northern Virginia, McClellan was the general of the Army of Potomac, Joseph Johnston was the commander of the Army of Tennessee. -
The North during the Civil War
The Union North during the Civil War was known to have most advantages against the Confederate South, having a larger population size (22 million people), having way more and advanced industrialization, the possession of having thirty thousand miles of miles of railroad tracks that ran around the North, Financing, 94% of people had clothing and 90% of people also had shoes and boots. The North did have some issues though like having bad military leaders a less experienced army and low morale. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by president Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Antietam on January 1st, 1863. The Emancipation Proclamation claimed that "all person held as slaves are, and henceforward shall be free" basically saying slaves should have gotten there freedom but it did not go down as it was supposed to. The Emancipation Proclamation actually only freed very few people and the states in rebellion did not care for Abraham Lincoln's orders. -
The Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg was known as the turning point in the Civil War and was also the battle with the most casualties (46,286) of the entire war. The battle of Gettysburg lasted three days long with the first day having the confederacy pushing and advancing into the Union Territories. The second day of the battle was a back and fourth fight between the Union and Confederacy with both sides trying their best to flank each other. The third day of the battle the Union devastates and charges up. -
Election of 1864
The Election of 1864 was between Abraham Lincoln who was trying to run for a second term in presidency against his former Union general who was displeased and hated Lincoln since he was fired by him, George, B McClellan. Abraham Lincoln was afraid that he would loose to George B. McClellan because of northerners being tired of the war and the democrats attacking Abraham Lincoln's setbacks during the Civil War. In the end of the election Abraham Lincoln would win easily. -
Freedman's Bureau
The Freedman's Bureau (for former slaves after the American Civil War) was a relief agency in a war-torn confederate south. Food, schools, and emergency services were provided for the newly freed slaves. The Freedman's Bureau confiscated the southern lands for their agriculture to give the new freed slaves and it was the main institution for reconstruction after the Civil War. It also gave many jobs so many people flocked to the cities but for low pay and intensive labor jobs. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
-
40 acres and a mule
40 acres and a mule is a saying which was considered that newly freed slaves after the Civil War would receive 40 acres of land and a mule that was taken by the Union forces after the Civil War. These newly freed slaves were now allowed to own or rent this newly taken land and were entitled to receive a mule since America had plenty to give out. The newly freed slaves also saw this land as another opportunity of freedom. But later the original owners were allowed to claim their land back. -
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment was added into the constitution for the main purpose of giving freedom to all of the slaves basically ending all slavery around the Continent. Abraham Lincoln and the radical republicans passed the amendment before the Civil War even ended. The 13th amendment was passed to the Senate on April the 8th, of 1864 and on February the 1st, of 1865, president Abraham Lincoln approved the Joint Resolution of Congress. -
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
The Assassination of president Abraham Lincoln occurred in a theater called Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., on the evening of April 14th, 1865. The one who assassinated Abraham Lincoln was John Wilkes Booth who shot him in the head with a Philadelphia Deringer at point blank range knocking him unconscious. John Wilkes Booth then made his escape by jumping off a balcony he shot Abraham Lincoln and running away not being seen for 12 days. Abraham Lincoln would die during the next morning. -
The Ku Klux Klan
The KKK or the "Ku Klux Klan" is a group of racist white people that made a white resistance group against the newly freed black slaves. The Klu Klux Klan went around the United States terrorizing and killing negros just because they disagreed with the newly added 15th amendment. The 15th amendment stated stated that universal male suffrage was given to everyone and was given to protect the black males for voting in elections. -
Election of 1866
The Election of 1866 was although not a presidential election but the off-year congressional election of 1866 was a referendum election for president through the racist Andrew Johnson. It was a decisive event in the early reconstruction era in which Andrew Johnson faced off against radical republicans in a dispute over weather reconstruction should be lenient or harsh over the loss of the confederate south. -
Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass was born in Cordova, Maryland as a slave who did not know who own birth date and would be an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer and statesman. Even through all the racial things that were happening around him he was a huge part of the civil rights movement. Frederick Douglass rose through determination and brilliance to shape the American nation. He was an abolitionist, human rights and women's rights activist. -
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment is entitled to grant all citizens of the United States citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" which mostly intended to be for the former slaves who had just been freed after the events of before and during the Civil War. The 14th Amendment was passed by congress on June the 3rd, of 1866, and was later ratified July the 9th, of 1868. -
Election of 1868
The Election of 1868 was between the fierce and famous military leader who won the Union the Civil War, Ulysses S. Grant who was a republican against Horatio Seymour who was a Democrat. The election of 1868 was said that political moderation and peace would be applied with whoever won the election. The election also showed that both the North and South were racist -
Election of 1876
The Election of 1876 had the republican Rutherford B. Hayes running against the democrat Samuel Tilden. During the election of 1876 the problems around the country was corruption, reconstructions, and problems with the economy. At the end of the election, Samuel Tilden would win the popular vote but the popular vote doesn't matter during the election when you don't win the electoral vote which made Rutherford B. Hayes the winner.
