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15,000 BCE
Bering Land Bridge
The Bering Land ridge is the theory of how people were able to travel to the western hemisphere of the Earth, who considered the first to set foot in the land of America. The theory indicates that East Asia was connected to North America which was the immigration of mammals that many are now extinct. This also was the same time as the Ice Age which is set to kill many humans. There are present sediment cores that give more support and ideas of the Bering Land Bridge. -
300 BCE
Mayan Caste System
The first two top structures of the caste system was the king being first following the nobleman and priest. They were the ones to dominate the laws, temples and tax collection. A big advantage they had was they were able to read which allowed them to have the amount of control they had at that time. The middle of the pyramid will be considered the merchants who trades among other city states. At the end of the pyramid were farmers, peasants and slaves. which owed debt, omitted a crime -
Period: 300 BCE to
Beginnings to explorations
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475
Dark Ages
The Dark Ages was a time where the Catholic Church was in power during Europe maintaining a feudalism power during the medieval time. This time period set a hold back in technology as many was shut down by the church and science was not well accepted. The significance is the time period did not accomplish any technology development. This also leads to the Crusades the battles for Christianity, which later turn out to unsuccessful . -
1300
The Renaissance
The Renaissance was after the dark ages, which brought a drive and increase in science, technology, art and the start of the printing press. Art and music was taking a different route during this time era such as the success of Michelangelo, and Leonardo DaVinci introducing the art of realism. Architecture was highly influenced by roman culture and brought a rebirth of the European culture. As new technology was increasing during this time, the printing press grew and set the rise in books. -
1347
The Black Death
The black death was a plague that spread across Europe for four years. There are many claims in what caused the plague but it is known that it came form Eastern and Central Asia. A factor of the spread is the increase during trades being first caught by rats that traveled in cargo ships. The significance is the high death rates that this disease brought due to the many interactions across Europe. Later this plague will create a better immune system for the Eastern side of the world. -
1487
Exploration
Portugal and Spain were the first tow country to take the step to explore to the western hemisphere (the new world). The drive for the exploration was the rumors for gold, glory and the need to spread religion. Spain settled in Latin America and created missionaries as the main purpose for settlement was to convert Native Americans. Portugal settled on what is now known as Brazil and developed a mass production and exportation of sugar. The conflicts were solved by the Treaty of Tordesillas. -
1492
Colombian Exchange
This brought a connection after the exploration of the New world and the Old World. The trading system was named after the Spanish exploration of Christopher Columbus. The trade brought more benefits to the Old world than the new world. The old world brought new foods such as tomatoes, pineapple and potatoes and the spice of chocolate. The new world received new diseases form the Europeans that brought a decrease in the Native American population. The new world also received horses. -
Period: to
English Colonial Society
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Colonial Economy (Upper South)
The upper south economy was mainly based on cash crops, such as tobacco. An example of a specific society is Jamestown, Virginia being the first successful society. This economy led to high usage of slaves due to the mass labor required in the cash crop plantations. They also settled in widespread areas and made the society focused more in commerce instead of family closed based. This factors made distinctions between the south and the New English colonies. -
Virginia
Virginia is known for a great soil fertile which John Smith established the colony. The rise in Tabasco production started to rise in Virginia. At first the reason for establishment in Virginia was due to the rumor of gold, but gold was never found. The Head right system was created granting large amount of acres in a small amount of cost to persuade settlement. Slaves were highly needed in the cash crop plantation which they received form the Caribbean Islands. -
Plymouth Colony
This colony was settled by the Puritan who were searching for religious freedom from Europe which were being prosecuted. They are known for early settlement and the self government they had developed in an early time for America. The Mayflower Compact was a social contract in a small civilization. The Native tribe called the Squanto tribe helped the Puritans in survival of agriculture and hunting. Puritans also had the advantage of the Squanto translating between other tribes. -
Caribbean Colonies
The main cash crop for the Caribbean Islands was sugar canes. Portugal became known for dominating this area and became the largest sugar exporter. The plantation of sugar needed heavy labor. The slave trade was then made in of slaves to work in the plantations who were given by African leader tribes to the Europeans. The Caribbean colonies also traded slaves with North America as now slaves were highly needed. The slaves kept in the Islands were also known as storage slaves in preparation. -
Navigation Acts
The Navigation Acts made a regulation of foreign trade to the English colonies and Europe. English colonies had a restriction of shipping specific goods to England . This had a negative affect on the English Colonies not being able to choose who they are willing to trade with the countries of their choice. This also gave dominance to Great Britain in in controlling the North America trade system, being the only one to benefit. The result in this is that England received more money and jobs. -
Triangular Trade
The Triangular Trade was a three way trading route involving the Americas, Europe and Africa. The colonies were forced to sent raw goods to Europe, while Europe would manufacture them and sent them to the Africa. The manufactured goods were traded to Africa in the exchange in slaves which were then sent to the Caribbean Islands. This trading route in the Atlantic ocean took control on the English Colonies in how they are able to obtain money in a way it would not over rise to Great Britain. . -
The Enlightenment
This event was an age of reasoning, that started in Europe but was brought with them by the founding fathers to the English colonies causing a huge impact. This brought a rise in technologies causing a scientific revolution, interest in education and the separation of religion response in nature. The enlightenment ideas also made an influence in the start of the french and Indian War and the American Revolution and a new way of governing. It also introduced the beginning of Romanticism. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem witch trials started in Virginia in a Puritan colony. The rumor of witches spread by three teenage girls who claimed they have been cursed by a slave that worked in their home. This rumor was taken seriously and it became a court case bringing the teenage girls who were coursed. The result of this rumor was that many colonist were killed if there were accusations of them being a witch. Most who were killed were people who didn't go to church slaves and even a dog. -
Acts of Union (1707)
Conflicts were caused during the settlement era between the English and Scotland due to Scotland benefiting from trade than the English. This was the start of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. were the parliament from the United Kingdom had gathered to developed this treaty. Now there was a regulation in trade as both Britain and Scotland had joined the Union. -
Conflicts with Natives
Natives fought for their land as it was being over taken by the English settlers. The English colonies did not bother to interact with Natives Americans and instead they push them out to the west of Northern America. Some Native Americans were captured to work as slaves and to replace the need for indentured servants. Other colonist in the English colonies such as the Puritan did have temporarily a bond with Natives, but most settlers did not. Thi is the beginning for the decreased in Natives. -
Period: to
Colonial America
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The Great Awakening
After the Enlightenment had occur The Great Awakening was a religious outbreak in the 13 colonies that increased the interest in religion. George Whitfield's point of view for example, was that anyone can have the direct contact with God and therefore we are all equal in God's eyes. This mindset brought a downfall on religious leaders control over society. It also made a political influences promoting more of a democratic system of government to be for equality and for the people. -
French and Indian War
This conflict started with France and Britain over the expansion in the North America. France had claimed land over the Ohio Valley river and France had allied Native Americans which will allied during the war. George Washington was the commander during the war and is the reason where he gets respect for being president. The war ended by the document called Treaty of Paris 1763 France loosing the Ohio River land forcing them to move and settle north while, colonies being able to expand west. -
Founding Fathers
The founding fathers caused a great impact to the U.S government being now what is know as a Democratic-Republican. They were highly influenced by the enlightenment ideas, to establish a foundation in a system they wished to govern. They are also the main authors of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. One on going conflict the founding fathers had a hard time agreeing on was if the government should be a strong central government or if the states should receive more power. -
Treaty of Paris (1763)
The treaty of Paris brought an end to the French and Indian War. This document brought peace between France and Britain. Britain received dominance in the land of North America. France on the other hand had to give up their land they obtain from North America and even some part of Canada and settled more towards Canada. The ending result impact was that British colonies had lost any foreign military threats and also a long term impact on the fact that the English language is the main language. -
Period: to
Revolutionary War
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Militias
The English colonies Militia were unexperienced American soldiers who fought against the control of the British government. This made Americas military force very weak compare to the British military. Every town-center had their own group of Militias. The importance of militias is that even though they were not a strong force of military they are the start of independence and a distinction of the British government. The militias are also during the American Revolution fight against the British. -
Coercive Acts
Due to the American's Boston Tea Party the British government had established four more acts. The Boston port act was made to close down the ports of Boston until they had paid the tea that was lost. The Massachusetts government act prohibited town meeting in Massachusetts to prevent from more plan to rebellion. The administration of justice act stated that British soldiers were immune to be prosecuted from any crime done in America. The fourth one was Quartering Act which involved for search. -
Olive Branch Petition
Since the British colonies had a history of acts of rebellion such as the Boston massacre, protest against being taxed and the battles of Concord and Lexington. The founding fathers had created a document in hope to bring peace between the British king and the colonies. The King however, rejected the Olive Branch petition. This document is important because the rejection of the king made it very clear to the colonist that there was no turning back and revolution was the only result. -
Battle of Bunker Hill
This battle was fought in Massachusetts on the loss of the Americans against the British. The American army was not strong enough to defeat the British army compared to the America's militia. It will still bring a form of confidence for the American colonies to improve their strategies a drive to become independent. -
Common Sense
Common Sense was written by Thomas Pain during the pre era of the American Revolution. The importance of this pamphlet was the push and the rise for wanting independence in which Pain argued. The Pamphlet states that the Britain monarchy should be overthrown and the discrimination the colonist have to face in the unfairness. This gave an affirmative forward step for the colonist to go to war and fight for freedom against the British King leading to the American Revolution. -
Articles of Confederation
This was the first document to govern the Unites States. It became ratified due to the weakness of the government system. It was mainly based on no federal government strength instead they wanted the states to obtain that power. It had no executive branch therefore the president could not do much and enforce laws. levying taxes was optional for the states, which many states opted taxes. The outcome on this was that the government was in huge debt since sates had individual currency. -
Massachusetts Constitution
Created by John Adams in Massachusetts Bay, It consisted of a preamble of common wealth for individuals. The document was made as a social contract that people had a say in. The Declaration of rights promised individual freedom and admitting "amendments" to protect them. This can be compared to the Bill Of rights. Lastly, the Frame Government created balance in government having two branches the senate and the house of representatives. The importance is that this influenced the constitution -
Period: to
New Republic
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Treaty of Paris (1783)
The Treaty of Paris ended the American revolution war against Britain and officially declared America a free nation from Britain. It was an agreement between Britain, The United States and France. The document was signed by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and John Jay. The treaty of Paris granted new territory to the United states, which was the borderline of Canada. The U.S and Britain also agreed to not accept British creditors to regain access on recovering on debts they might have. -
Shay's Rebellion
It was lead by Daniel Shay and the rebellion took place in Massachusetts were a violent outbreak lost control. The purpose for this rebellion was due to government taxation collection upset farmers. In Massachusetts many farmers lost their farms due to the rise in taxes causing bad harvest and an economic depression. Once they decided to revolt the federal government cannot take hold of this case and could not be taken down. This was an eye opener that the government system (AOC) was too weak. -
The great debate
It has been established that the Articles of Confederation was a weak government system needing to discus how the constitution would work. Federalist were in favor of the constitution wanting to restrict the power of the people. hey were for strong central government and therefore did not agree in the bill of rights. The leader for this political party was Hamilton. Anti federalist were oppose of the constitution fearing it could take away their rights and were for the Bill of Rights. -
Northwest Ordinance
This event is the process of emission of new states.These new states had to go to a process in order to officially be part of the Union and to gain political rights. At first these new territory did not have way of having a say in any political rights since the population was so low. After they had reach a population of 60,000 people they were allowed to participate in voting terms. This event is important because it establishes in how new states are able to join the U.S nation. -
Period: to
The Constitution
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Judicial Branch
The Judicial branch is part of the three branches that provide balance in the U.S government. The role for the Judicial is to clarify laws that are being violated by the constitution. It is also based off of three level of court the district, circuit and the highest the supreme court. The supreme court has the authority to check on the actions of the legislative branch and congress when compromising for laws and state if they are constitutional. The importance is that it sets boundaries ofpower -
Federalist
Federalist were one of the two first political parties had a perspective of a central government, meaning the government will have more power over the states. An example of a federalist was Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. Federalist were also against the constitution and believed the states should never have more power over the states. They agreed in the government being in control of money production, which Alexander Hamilton created the The First Bank Of The United States. -
Republicanism
Republicanism had a different meaning as how we think of Republicans to this recent time. The leader of this political party was Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. There views in government was less central government control and states rights. They had denied many ideas form Federalist such as the ratification of the constitution in fear states will loose their power. Thomas Jefferson was also against the idea of a the National Bank of U.S as he believed it only benefited the rich. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion started over the announcement by the Federal Government in taxing the whiskey production. Farmers in Pennsylvanian did not agree on the tax because they will loose profit on their whiskey production. The farmers started protesting on a violent manner thinking they will have the same result of Shay's Rebellion. However, George Washington took military action and stopped the protesting. This event's significance is that the government has more power and can handle disorder. -
Bill Of Rights
The Bill of Right is followed by ten amendments written by James Madison which construct the constitution. The bill of rights were meant to protect the rights of the people and cant be violated by the government. A conflict that the Bill Of Right brought to the Constitution was the Federalist and Anti-Federalist. Anti-Federalist believed in states right and the government power should be less than the states. Federalist believed the Government power should be over the states. -
Jay's Treaty
The United states and Britain signed Jay's Treaty in hopes to ending both countries issues against each other. This conflicts were from the American revolution and were never resolved. Jay forced Britain and the U.S to become neutral with each others. The U.S did not agree on this conflict because the document was more in favor with Britain. Britain had been granted with additional rights such as restricting Americans in having access on the trade marks of Britain. -
Election of 1796
George Washington had left his presidency leaving behind his Farewell Address. This caused the U.S to have a second election for a new president becoming either Thomas Jefferson or John Adams. John Adams had won this election with 71 votes and Thomas Jefferson winning with 68 votes. Alexander Hamilton had tried to persuade in South Carolina to have a Thomas Elected, but New England's votes for John were greater making john Adams being our second president and leaving Thomas as vice president. -
Kentucky Resolution
This compact was a result after Congress had passed the Alien Sedition Act in 1798 discriminating immigrants trying to get to the U.S. Since the U.S was in risk in getting to war with France Thomas Jefferson thought it was best to define immigrants as enemies. Kentucky and Virginia legislatures opposed the law considering it to be unconstitutional. When Thomas Jefferson became president he took down the law. This event proof the self judgement by the states limiting the power of central gov. -
Patrick Henry
Patrick Henry lead the American colonies to the American revolution. He was against the stamp act and the Townshend act which he strongly agreed to be independent against the British. He is well known for the speech of "Give me liberty or give me death". His famous words brought the beginning and rise of the colonist and had influenced the ten amendments for the bill of rights. He did however was against of the constitution as he thought he the constitution will gain too much power. -
Nature
Industrialization grew in the U.S in the 1800's the effect on this is that people were more likely to live near cities due to the having factory jobs. The green hills and the nature environment started to go away since industrialization kept growing in the North. Movement were created to stop industrialization and to head back to nature, but that movement did not became successful. The creation of parks was set to give a stop in time for people to go away from the fast city life. -
Election of 1800
This was the third presidential election between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. The election ended as a tie between Jefferson and Aron Burr. This caused for the House of Representatives to vote. Many Federalist voted on Burr, but Hamilton made the turning point in tossing rumors for Burr causing him to loose the election. Burr and Hamilton decided to dual, which caused the death of Hamilton. Burr's name framed resulting for his votes for the House of Representatives to drop; Jefferson wins. -
Period: to
The Age of Jefferson
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Second Great Awakening
Due to the fact of the War of 1812 leading to industrialization society had grew farther apart from religion once again. This awakening had been highly influenced by Methodist and Baptist religion, giving the influence in spreading the philosophy of salvation and the need of good deeds. the affect form the Second Great Awakening is prison reforms in the idea of the system in jails and prisons and how they work. This movement also influenced in the need to banned alcohol and slavery. -
Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson bought the land that contained the Mississippi river and the Rocky Mountains by negotiating with Napoleon ruler of France. Napoleon made the offer to gain money with a war with Britain so he agree to sell the land in the U.S. Many criticize Jefferson for not having a process for the action of buying the land. He took full central gov action which was something he claim to not stand by. The significance in this is that it was the start for the U.S to expand to the west. -
Embargo Act of 1807
This act was created by the Congress and was supported when Thomas Jefferson decided to sign this act. The United Sates decided to stay neutral between the war of Britain and France. Both France and Britain denied trade from the U.S since they were neutral. The United States relied heavily in exportation and lost two countries to trade with. Britain also decided to take American ships into impressment.This gave a negative affect on the U.S bringing the economy down and conflicts with Britain. -
Era of God Feelings
After the war of 1812 Americans had increased in patriotism. The Federalist party had a grown a bad reputation in the United states being seen as betrayers soon this political party became unpopular and unwanted. The Democratic-Republican party at that time became the only political party in the U.S which means there was no bitter personality politics. Another positive outcome in this event was that president Monroe appointed people with different views. -
Technological benefits of War of 1812
The technology that the United States possessed over brought an increased in the economy and is the lead for the Industrial Revolution later on. One technology created benefited the agriculture in the south. The cotton gin was a machine that gave a faster production of cotton, increasing the slave population. Rail roads also improved to have a faster trading system in the U.S and also steam boats near canals. Lastly factories were growing making manufacturing popular in the North. -
Francis Scott Key
Francis Scott key was a prisoner during the 1812 war between the United Sates and Britain. He was sent to jail for not taking part of the war on the U.S side, which he gave the reason for not wanting violence and his religious beliefs. He witness the battle and the success of the U.S finally taking the win. He wrote a poem that contains three versus called the Star Spangled Banner which is now today's national anthem of the U.S. -
Cotton Gin
The cotton gin was a machine invention to take out the seeds of the cotton by a great amount. The effect on this was that the cotton production and slavery increased. The southern states became huge supplier of cotton globally but it was mainly Britain were the cotton was being exported. Since slaves were highly needed on the plantations this gave more of a reason for farmers to deny the abolition of slaves . -
Period: to
American Industrial Revolution
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Yeoman farmers
Yeoman farmers were considered middle class farmers. The had a decent farm and was mainly a family based labor and had a perspective in a Republican Nation. They relied of planters and even had rivalry among each other, but planters looked down on yeoman farmers as a lower class. Yeoman's formed militias to catch run away slaves during the woods. There job was to watch over any form of slave rebellion. -
Greek Revival
Greek style building became extremely popular during political buildings. The architecture represented Republican-Democracy political ideologies in the United States. It made an increase in Nationalism and a nation highly supported in a democracy government. Building that choose this style of architecture are colleges, buildings and state capitals. -
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
During the presidency of John Quincy Adams he decided to take military force to Spain in Florida, and it establishes a border form the U.S and Mexico. It was a force of action for Spain to give away Florida to be part of the United States. This treaty also ended the western expansion for Spain in the U.S. Spain did not receive money for the land that was given to the U.S and is known as Spain being kicked out and the end of success for Spain in settling in the U.S. -
Immigration slums
During the American Industrial Revolution, there was an increase in jobs for National markets. The increase in jobs brought a massive population growth due to job opportunities in the cities. This However, has a negative impact for the lower and middle classes. The majority who worked in industrialization lived in poor conditions defined as slums. Slums involved in crowed areas where people mostly lived being bunched by many families. The result in this was an increase in diseases and harsh life -
Missouri Compromise
Many new sates are being added to the U.S but as this action grows the question rises in which states are to be free and which are to be slaved. The Northerners wanted the congress to decided which states should be slaved, but the south wanted popular sovereignty among the states. Congress than decided to create the Missouri Comprise setting a 36 30 division in which sates are free and salved. This was only a temporarily solution, but soon the tension form North and South will continue to grow. -
Abolitionist
The abolitionist movement was more supported in the North of the United states. Abolitionist believed and fought for the end of slavery to be banished from the southern states. This movement however was a gradual process, as rumors set out in how badly slaves were treated in the South. An example of this news is the book of Uncle Tom, stating the mistreatment in slaves. While this moral keeps growing t sets a division between the North and South that starts to build tension. -
Period: to
Cultural Changes
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Mormons
The founder of the Latter Day Saints religion (Mormon) was the man called Joseph Smith who claim to find golden tablets that were sent to him by God for him to only read. During this era Mormons were constantly being prosecuted forcing Mormons to escape and the need for expansion in the West of the the United States. In 1844, Joseph Smith had been murdered by an anti- Mormon mob in a prison. The next following leader was Brigham Young who moved and build a society for Mormons to live on. -
Election of 1824
The candidates for this election was Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay, but soon the election involved only with Quincy and Jackson. Jackson was in the winning role due to his success in the popular vote being giving to Jackson, but Quincy won the electoral college. This was seen as corrupt bargain, many believing that Jackson should of one on his first time running for president. However Jackson's tries a new strategy in his next election of 1828. -
The Age of Common Man
The rise in the common rose when Andrew Jackson was running for president in 1828. In the past politics were meant for the upper class and the educated people hooping they would know how to improve the government. All of this turned around with the presence of Jackson as he was a self-made man who did not have the best education and rich background. People felt they could relate to him and is still the main priority in today's society to get the likes of the common people. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
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Labor changes
During the Industrial Revolution many workers demanded improvement for their jobs. Many workers pushed for movements to introduce better wages, restructure the amount of work hours and safer labor condition, as many would die form harsh and unsafe conditions. Protest occur demanding the need to banned child labor and for the industry to provided help for those workers who are injured and health care. -
Free Black Communities
There were free black communities in the north and south of the U.S. In the North free black communities were segregated by the white people. Many dealt with discrimination and prejudice and were even blamed for taking white jobs away causing them to compete in finding jobs. Southern free black communities were mostly located around water resources. Free blacks became to increased, but were also treated poorly and lived in very low class neighborhoods. Both regions were seen lower. -
Change in communication
New inventions for a greater expand in communication rose during the American Industrialization. The new printing system was born creating a great source in a faster news spreading. The increase in newspapers and magazines, and more people were aware of what was going, while being in a far location.Telegraphs facilitated communication from far distances, by sending a Morse code. It was a machine that was more reachable to the middle and first classes, and created telegraph cables. -
Trail of Tears
The trail of tears was created by an act of Andrew Jackson called Indian Removal Act 1830. This forced Indians to leave the area of east Mississippi River. The Cherokee is known for fighting this movement by taking this conflict tot the supreme court. John Marshall did agree with the Cherokee in having to move from their land, but Jackson still demanded they had to. The ending was the Trail of Tears causing many Natives to die from starvation and desert weather moving west. -
Personal Attacks
During the election of 1828 on the between the election of John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. Andrew Jackson was personally attack by bringing that her wife lived in bigamy never appropriately ending her past marriage. She later dies form a heart attack and Jackson blames the rumor for the caused of her death. Quincy was accused of having a relationship with a high school girl and in having a pool table in the White House. This reflects on modern election attacking each candidate. -
Nullification Crisis
Congress had decided to raise import taxes to the states, this affected greatly on the south if the U.S as many relied in importing textile clothing. John Calhoun found this to be unconstitutional as it affected South Carolina which was his state. He resigned and instead decided to support South Carolina to oppose taxes. The debate considered if South Carolina could take this action. The ending result was done by Henry Clay whic created a compromise for South Carolina to only pay a portion tax. -
Whig Party
The Whig party was named after the British Party was created by Andrew Jackson. This political party stood for ideologies of Jackson's democracy which was for the common people. They were made to protect the United states economy in tariffs and opposed of the idea of a National Bank. The minority population usually supported this party due to the views of the people's benefits. This election created a big impact during the election of 1836 when winning the popular vote gaining more attention -
Zachary Taylor
Zachary Taylor was a Confederacy general who later gain the presidency in the United States. At first he is known as "old rough and ready" as he was the leader of his military during the Mexican and American conflict. He is known for battling in south of Buena Vista taking over a large Mexican military Troop. he later becomes president, but seems to be in the middle when it comes to slavery. He supported the North in abolition, but supported the South in maintaining slavery. -
Panic of 1837
The panic of 1837 was an economic depression that lasted for five years. This was caused when Andrew Jackson opposed the idea of the second National Bank but many take the blamed for Van Burden who was president at that time . Many of the upper class withdrew their money form the national bank causing a depression in the U.S economy. This resulted for many people to be unemployed and lost in currency. This situation did not recover until the Tariffs of 1842 was created. -
Western Frontiers
After the Louisiana Purchase the U.S had grown as a nation, leaving the expansion of the West open for Americans to settled. The border of the United states ended on the North of Texas being an independent country at that time. The west seemed a valuable area due to the gold found in California being known as the Gold Rush. Beaver fur was also found in the west causing it to become highly demanded as a fashion trend. Natives became homeless as they were constantly being thrown out of their land. -
Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglas had a motivation to end slavery which was he was considered an important black abolitionist. He was a slave himself that learned how to read and write, but later was one of the few that ran away from slavery and was successful form it. He gave speeches and wrote books about his slave life which gave a rise in attention from the North having a more bad perspective in ending slavery. He become an important figure in the rise of the abolitionist movement in the U.S. -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny meant the exploration and settlement in to the west of the United States. They were influenced by the Democracy of Jackson seeing the need for the people the right to expand west and be individual. The fur trade became highly demanded by the upper class especially beaver fur which was only found in the west side of the U.S. Hunting for beaver became very popular that it soon became extinct which people moved to silk . Another impact was the removal of Native American. -
Period: to
Western Expansion
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Mexican American War
The United states president James K Polk supported the removal of territory of Texas to be part of Mexico. Americans had a strong desire to expand west, but being claimed by Mexico . The Mexican-American ended by the victory of the United States when they took military force attacking in Mexico City. The U.S obtain much more land such as Texas, New Mexico, Idaho and California by threatening in taking military action. Texas decided to be a country as the North did not want a slave state. -
Seneca Falls Convention
This convention is known for the women movement in New York. It was lead by Elizabeth Candy Stanton and Lucretia Mott launching women suffrage movement fighting for their rights. In this convention many women argued in the discrimination for their social and civil rights religion and the conditions they were set to live in. Most of these women were Abolitionist and men also supported this convention. The significance for this is that it lead a step closer for women in the future to obtain rights -
California Gold Rush
The gold rush was a huge news spreading across the U.S. Many believed this was a chance to get out of poverty and to make it rich. One the word got out of gold being found in California an increase to the west spread wildly. The start of mining became popular in this time period and the support in industries grew as providing tools, food and etc. The Chinese were one of the immigrant heading to California. The were highly discriminated and were put on the worst mines, facing racism. -
Industrialization vs. Agriculture
The North had progress in industrialization during the pre civil war era. Their economic activity was highly reliant in manufacturing of clothing and weapons. Another major advantage they had was railroads and steam boats facilitating trade transportation. The South still maintain to keep agriculture such as plantations of cash crops and cotton. New technology was establishing such as the cotton gin giving an increase in cotton production. The result in this was the demand for more slaves. -
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president in the U.S. His presidency involves in many risky and hard decisions when the South decided to secede form the Union (North). Lincoln had created the Emancipation Proclamation giving the South a chance to reunite to the Union, in return they will be able to keep their slaves. If the Proclamation was denied by the South, the government will completely take away their slaves and only the border states will keep their slaves. He also created a south embargo. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
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Gringo
Gringo was a miss heard word by a song that American soldier sang as they marched. The song was called "Green Hills We Go", but was misinterpreted by Mexicans as the word Green goes.. sounded like Gringo. Mexicans in Texas start to label white Americans soldiers as Gringo. The significance of this word is that it is still use to this day to describe a white person mostly and American. -
Popular Sovereignty
This phrase was used in the believe that the peoples decisions should be a way for laws to be passed and set a stronger voice for the people. Popular Will was practiced in the Kansas-Nebraska act leaving congress to decided for the two states to choose weather they will be a slave state or a free state. The North did not agree on this due to the fear that many state leaders were farmers and southerners and were more prone to allow slavery in their states, slavery expanding. -
Fugitive Slave Act
The South was loosing many slaves due to many running away at night to reach the North where they would be declared free. This act required slaves to be return back to the south. Northerners were force to obey this law and turn in runaway slaves or they would be fined and considered breaking the law. A more negative side with this act was that black northerners that were never slaved in the south were still taken as slaves which caused a huge a dilemma in the North. -
Uncle Toms Cabinet
Uncle Tom's Cabinet was a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It hooked attention to the North on the terrible lifestyle slaves faced in the South. Most Northerners were now persuaded by this book in abolishing movements bringing people out of a neutral perspective in slavery. The South responded in writing a book called "Aunt Philli's Cabin or Southern Like It Is", which counter Uncle Tom's Cabinet. It talked about how the slave life was not so bad and in fact slaves faced benefits. -
Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana
Santa Anna was the president of Mexico, but soon was seen more as a dictator than a president.Texas was part of Mexican territory, but the population was 1/10 Mexican citizens making the rest being American. Americans soon complained about the Mexican government wanting to rebel. Santa Anna took military action in Texas defeating the Texas on a battle in the Alamo. Americans take their revenge winning the next battle with Santa Ana, by forcing a treaty giving Texas independence. -
Nativist
The Nativist became a political party that claim to be the true Natives of America. They were against immigration and even blamed them for the problems that the United States were facing. The were specifically against the immigration of poor Catholics from Germany and Ireland. This group soon became a political party name the "Know Nothing". It was a secret organization to end and against immigration. This political party soon ended in 1860 due to people not knowing very well and lost interest. -
Lincoln's 10% plan
After the end of the Civil War Lincoln had a lenient plan to readmit the Southern states back in to the Union. Lincoln's plan required an oath of 10 percent of the states to end slavery and will be regain their citizenship. However, general from the Confederacy will be denied this opportunity and will be banned from any political position offered. This is also known as the beginning of the reconstruction of the South. Their government will be changed and will have to abolish slavery. -
Confederate States of America
This nation was created when the southerner states decided to secede from the Union. Their new form of government was structure and believed in the loose Article of Confederations. However, their new form of government was about the same, but only protected in keeping slavery. The president for the Confederacy was Jefferson Davis, but his presidency lacked in leadership. A reason for the confederacy being allowed was the president of the Union of Buchaman who did nothing to the stop the states. -
Neutral States
Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland were the few states that did not stand on the seceding from the Union and created the border between the south and North. Lincoln after he passed the Emancipation Proclamation which the South had denied, he allowed the border states maintain their slaves during the civil war. The South tired in influencing the neutral states to join the Confederacy, but failed as they stayed loyal to the Union. This benefited more to the North as they had more states. -
North
The North during the Civil war had many advantages against the South but also weaknesses that caused looses during the Civil War. The North had more states part of the Union than the south did, giving them a greater population. They also advanced their technology in industrialization, manufacturing weapons and clothing and build railroads to facilitate transportation in trade. However, the Union faced a conflict during the Civil War. Their military leadership by general McClellan. -
South
The South's weaknesses during the civil war was the lack of supplies for weapons, clothing and food due to the blockade of the North as a punishment for succeeding the Union. This also cause for Great Britain to dropout as the South's ally due to the war centering more on slavery. Britain was known for ending the slave trade and if they allied on a country who supports slavery Britain would have a bad impression globally. A Strength they had was good military leadership which gave them a chance. -
Women at work
The Civil War greatly benefited and impacted women. Many of their husbands were not able to keep the business running due to many males fighting in the military. This caused women to have more dominant roles by taking over small businesses, teaching jobs and even nursing jobs. At first these careers were commonly for males, but soon start to be taken over by women. The significance in this is due to the Civil War women will fight for more rights and will later receive more freedom from them -
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American Civil War
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Emancipation Proclamation
The proclamation agree to give the Confederacy states a chance to reunite the Union without any harm punishments and will be allowed to keep their slaves. The deadline for the Confederacy states to re join the union was on January 1, 1863, if the deadline passes Abraham Lincoln will end slavery in the United States. Overall this proclamation did not persuade the states to be part of the Union as the Civil War still continued. However, it did give a switching point in narratives to slavery. -
Slave Code
Due to the up rise of slave rebellion, owners feared that black slaves will over rise in the future. To prevent this from happening, southern states created slave codes for owners to follow. This caused a huge limitation for slaves to gain access of weapons and were prevented from receiving education. Slaves could not have any gatherings if a white person did not allow or was not with them. This also allowed for owners to split slave families not considering their marriage. -
Conscription Act
The Conscription is commonly known as the draft. This was an action needing to do for both the North and the South due to the huge amount of lost soldiers. The qualification to enter into the draft was that you had to be a male at age 20 years old to 45 years old. Immigrants were also required to enter into the draft Many Americans were upset over this act and caused riots to opposed. Some even blamed African Americans for the reason of the Unions lost in battles. -
Appomattox Corthouse
This was a battle that lasted in a short amount of time. The South's general Robert E Lee had surrender in Virginia giving the victory to the North. This war was a great turning point for the North and was the close finish line in ending the Civil War. The Civil war was not officially claim to end until the Palmito Ranch battle finally declaring the victory to the North. The significance of this battle is the eye opener that the South had lost power and were soon to rejoin the Union again. -
Former Slaves
Former slaves faced many discrimination despite the fact that Lincoln had declared to abolish slavery from the South. The reconstruction era was a time the rebuild the society of the South and its government. Former slaves struggled by discrimination and in the denial to receive individual rights. Movements such as the Freemen's Bureau were created but he North to protect former slaves and help them receive and education and to look for jobs. However, black codes were created to limit rights. -
Freedom Amendments
The 13th amendment was the start of declaring all the slaves in the United States to be sent free. Even though blacks in the South were free many still faced discrimination and denied many of their rights, by states creating black codes. The 14th amendment was released to grant every former slave citizenship, in hope to not face any more discrimination. However former slaves still received many threats that avoid them to vote. The 15th amendment was release to protect former slaves to vote. -
Scalawags
During the South's reconstruction they faced many corruption politically and discrimination in the reconstruction. Scalawags were Republicans in the South, which many saw them as traitors of the South. Southern Democrats believed they were controlled by the government and who received wealth by manipulating the black votes. Scalawags however claimed that this process was the quickest way for economic improvement for the Southern region. This caused a separation on the South between each other -
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Reconstruction
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KKK
During the reconstruction era the South grew more hatred due to the social and political change of slaves being free. White resistance increased as they saw that blacks needed to be kept inferior and limit them from reaching the same level of social class as a white person. In Tennessee the group Ku Klux Klan grew in power with violence often putting the lives of black in danger due to racial hatred. The importance in this is the denial for change that the South needs to face. -
Sharecroppers
The South had a 6 percent of national industrial output. Most the South's economy came from rice, tobacco, sugar and cotton. Due to the over production cotton prices, given eh result of many farmers loosing their jobs and selling their farms. farmers became tent forced t pay rent of their harvest. This lifestyle for farmers was a 70 percent of the population of the South until the 1900's. Te significance in this the push for the south to start industrializing as the agriculture was falling. -
Compromise of 1877
In 176 Samuel Tildan(democrat) and Hayes(Republican) were running for president .The electoral votes of the states of Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina were given to Hayes by the House of Representatives despite Tildan having the popular vote.Most considered this election to be corrupt, and at this point many Southerners hated the reconstruction plan. The result in this was the removal of federal troops form the South. This gave the rise of suppression of southerners blacks.
