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476
Rome:Fall of the empire
In the late fourth century, the Western Roman Empire crumbled after a nearly 500-year run as the world's greatest power. After the Germanic king of the Torcilingi Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustulus, the last Roman emperor, many historians believe the empire began to fall. However, invasions by Barbarian tribes, economic troubles and overreliance on slave labor, the rise of the Eastern Empire, government corruption, migration and religion contributed to the decline of this powerful Empire. -
500
The Dark Ages
The Dark ages also known as the Middle Ages, refer to the initial five hundred years after the fall of the Roman Empire. During this period the population was declining because of numerous Barbarian invasions from northern and central Europe. Also lack of a central power led to the development of a feudal system. Furthermore, new religious movement called monasticism developed and expanded throughout medieval church.As a result the church is to blame for the spiritual darkness of the Dark Ages. -
900
Feudalism
Feudalism is the dominant social system that began in Europe medieval ages, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service.The emergence of the Medieval Feudal System of the Middle Ages affected all spheres of Medieval society: a land-based economy, the judicial system, the rights of the feudal lords under the feudal system and the lack of rights for the serfs and peasants. It had different forms of constitutional government and put everyone in their place. -
Period: 1430 to
Beginnings to Exploration
The Beginning of Exploration, also known as the "Age of Exploration", began roughly during the 1400's and lasted throughout the 1600's.It is the period of European exploration in Africa, Asia, and the Americas that was motivated by the driven desire for inexpensive spices, gold, and sources of wealth which sparked the global exchange of goods throughout the world. Portugal led the way of exploration and was followed by Spain, England, and the Netherlands, capitalizing their navigational tools. -
Jun 7, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
The Treaty of Tordesillas was an agreement between Spain and Portugal that aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers. The Treaty of Tordesillas impacted the world's settlements, culture and discoveries and it allowed Portugal to claim part of eastern South America. Although in the long run, Spain came out with the better end of the deal. They ended up getting a ton more land. -
1500
Amerigo Vespucci
Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian-born merchant and explorer who took part in early voyages to the New World on behalf of Spain around the late 15th century. Early voyages from Vespucci quickly spread throughout Europe and in 1507 an early map maker named the land mass that is present-day South America, "America" in honor of Amerigo Vespucci. In addition, The United States of America is names as part of the Americas, but it is not mainly named after the explorer. -
1500
The Colombian Exchange
The Colombian Exchange, also referred as the "Grand Exchange", was the widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, communicable diseases, technology and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres in the 15th and 16th centuries, after Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage. It was the exchange of goods between the Old World and the New world that impacted the production and way of living throughout the continents, specially the inhabitants in the Americas. -
Triangular Trade
The Triangular Trade is best-known as the transatlantic slave trade that operated from the late 16th century to the early 19th century. This system of trade carried slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean, American Colonies and the European colonial powers with the northern colonies of British nation. The first leg of the trip was sending European products to Africa in exchange for slaves, as a result it was later transported and sold to the Americas for wealth. -
Chesapeke Colonies
In 1607, the first permanent British colony was established in Jamestown in the Chesapeake Bay region by the Virginia Company. This establishment created The Chesapeake Colonies that consisted of Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Their economic product ran through the cultivation of Tobacco that saved the colony of Jamestown and spread its pattern throughout the other colonies. These colonies main purpose was mainly to be a base for English settlers who would come to the New World. -
English Colonization
The British colonization of the Americas began in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia and expanded its charter colonies throughout the North American continent known as the thirteen colonies. each colony grew distinct Motives and desires to colonize into the new world such as, religious freedom, escape from corruption, mark of a new territory and production of wealth. However, the British were late bloomers in the exploration age and settlement motives because they lacked sufficient navigational tools. -
Virginia Colony
In 1607, the first permanent British colony was established in Jamestown in the Chesapeake Bay region by the Virginia Company, a joint stock company that received a charter from King James I and sold shares to raise funds, and was named after Queen Elizabeth I of England. Jamestown was originally founded from a desire to gain wealth and to a lesser extent to convert he natives to Christianity. This Colony provided a source of fertile land and wealth to England in the form of cash crop, Tobacco. -
Salutary Neglect from 1607-1763
Salutary Neglect is a policy of the British government regarding its North American colonies under which trade regulations for the colonies were laxly enforced and imperial supervision of internal colonial affairs was loose as long as the colonies remained loyal to the British government and contributed to the economic profitability of Britain.This Enabled American Colonies to prosper by trading with non-British entities and to operate independently from Britain,both economically & politically. -
Period: to
Colonial America
The Colonial America Period was established by the English Colonial societies that came into the new world looking for religious freedom, land and the opportunity for wealth. The newcomers were governed by the laws of the European homelands which inevitably led to dissension, anger and rebellion during the Colonial America Time Period and the creation of the new nation of the Unites States of America was taking place as the colonies adapted their own unique societies and freedom of expression. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
The English Colonial Societies known as the thirteen colonies were the:The New England, Middle, and Southern colonies that shaped America History in exploration and lifestyle.The New England Colonies motives were to escape religious persecution from Europe and build a new foundation in America.The middle colonies also settled for religious motives but desired to gain wealth in their effort. Lastly, The southern colonies,known as the plantations, produced crops such as Tobacco and profited by it. -
Slavery : The Beginning
Slavery began in the 1600s, as a system in which people were bought and sold to do heavy labor of work in the American Colonies, specially in the South's plantations. They were brought by Dutch traders who had seized them from a captured Spanish slave ship and traded in slave transatlantic trade that grew heavily when the south plantations needed labor, also known as The Middle passage. Slavery is significant in the Development of the U.S, as it lasted through 89 years and led to the Civil War. -
Plymouth Colony
The second permanent English settlement in North America, was founded in 1620 by settlers including a group of religious dissenters commonly referred as the Pilgrims. Pilgrims settled in America for religious freedom but their settlement brought arduous conditions.Though more than half the original settlers died during that grueling first winter, the survivors were able to secure peace treaties with neighboring Native American tribes and build a largely self-sufficient economy within five years. -
The New England Colonies
The New England Colonies of British America consist of Connecticut Colony, Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations,Massachusetts Bay Colony, and Province of New Hampshire.They were the Northern part of the thirteen colonies and participated in the Triangular trade for colonial-economy.Their economy was based on fishing, whaling, and the building of ships along the coast, since their weather conditions made it arduous for farming.Their goal was to prosper economically than religiously. -
The Massachussetts Bay Colony
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was an English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century around the broad opening of Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost predecessor colony of the several colonies later reorganized as the Massachusetts Bay colonies .John Winthrop was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and a prominent figure among the Puritan founders of New England.The Puritan religion believed God wanted them to live biblically to set an example for sinners. -
Maryland Colony
The Maryland Colony was founded in 1633 by George Calvert, Lord Baltimore and other colonists, at Baltimore. This Colony was an original 13th colonies and was part of the Southern colonies according to the establishment. Motives for this colony was for the practice of the Catholic religion and served as a catholic but as people fled to this colony the divisions among them increased. As a southern colony its major economy came from its slave labored plantations that sufficiently produced goods. -
The Quakers : Founders
The Quaker are member of the Religious Society of Friends, a faith that emerged as a new Christian Denomination in England during a period of religious turmoil in the mid 1600's.The Quakers believed that all people were equal in God's sight.The state of Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn in 1682, as a safe place for Quakers to live and practice their faith. Quakers have been a significant part of the movements for the abolition of slavery, to promote equal rights for women, and peace. -
Benjamin Frankling (1706-90)
Benjamin Franklin was a statesman,author, publisher,scientist, inventor and diplomat.Despite his early beginnings, he started a successful printing business in Philadelphia and grew wealthy. being so deeply active in public affairs, he helped launched the first library, hospital and college.Being one of the leading figures of early American History, Franklin engaged during the American Revolution for independence and became a delegate to the convention that produced the U.S. Constitution, 1787. -
The Enlightment : America
The American Enlightment, or Age of Reason, was a period of intellectual ferment in the thirteen American Colonies in 1714-1818, which led to the American Revolution and the New American Republic. Enlightenment thinkers embraced the notion that humanity could be improved through rational change. Through this Age of Reason, the production of various books, inventions, scientific discoveries, laws, wars and revolutions marked history. It gave individual freedom and rights for the common people. -
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening, or the first Great Awakening, was as religious revival in the 1720- 1740 that occurred in Europe and British North American colonies.The revival was a movement among Protestant Christians who were reacting to a number of religious conditions in the colonies. After the Church of England as the reigning church of the country. Other religions were subsequently suppressed, causing a spiritual dryness among the people. This event was the most important event in American religion. -
French and Indian War
The French and Indian War,is also referred as the Seven years of War, was a war of conflict between Great Britain, North American colonies, Indian alliances and France. It began in 1754 in Fort Necessity and ended with the treaty of Paris in 1763.The significance of the treaty protected colonist from Indian attacks and protected Indian lands Furthermore, the war allowed Great Britain to gain great territory in North America, but left many political disputes which led to the American Revolution. -
Britians Financial Situation after " 7 years of War"
After the French and Indian War,The British was victorious against the French and Native Indians but had a great impact on the British Empire.This altered an economic situation between the colonies and Great Britain and changed the relations among the European powers,France and Britain.The cost was almost prohibitive,and by the end the British government faced bankruptcy, also limited profits from the East Indian Co.The Need to recoup costs was urgent, which led to its taxing American colonists. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary war
The American Revolutionary War, also known as The American War of Independence, was a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the thirteen Colonies on the North American continent. The war was driven by political disputes over British demands and led to overthrowing of British rule in the colonies. Important figures, documents and events took place leading to the declaration of Independence for a new nation, The United Sates of America, with the help of an European power, France. -
Acts of Parliement
The Acts of the British parliament were laws that were approved both by the House of Commons and the House of Lords in Britain and later were established in the 13th colonies. The 1st Act of Parliament was the Stamp Act which was passed to rehabilitate Britain's debt after the French and Indian War.The issues of taxation and representation raised by the Stamp Act strained relations with the colonies to the point that, 10 years later, the colonists rose in armed rebellion against the British. -
Declaratory Act 1766
After the "Seven years of War," Great Britain established a variety of Acts of Parliament to regain financial strength. However, Many of which bothered the colonist in North America and led to the American Revolutionary War of Independence. The Declaratory Act, was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act 1765 and the changing and lessening of the sugar act.Parliament repealed the Stamp Act because boycotts were hurting British trade. -
Townshed Acts 1767
As the Acts of British Parliament continued to reign on North America, The Townshend Acts was next on the list and It was introduced by Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles in 1767.The taxes that were imposed by the Townshend Acts of 1767 were important because they helped to reignite anger in the colonies against England. Just the year before, Parliament had repealed the Stamp Tax after heated protests.They imposed duties on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea imported into the colonies. -
1st Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies that met on September 5th to October 26th, 1774 at Carpenters Hall in Philadelphia,Pennsylvia,early in the American Revolution. Even though the Delegates were not ready to call for Independence, they were determined to obtain colonial rights.The congress created the Articles of Association, which formed a formal and united boycott of British goods and demanded that the intolerable acts to be repealed. -
Declaration of Independence
The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia on July 4th, 1776. Written by Thomas Jefferson with the contribution of John Adams and Benjamin Franklin. It was an announced declaration of independence from the Colonies from Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War to no longer be under British rule.The States would found a New Nation known as,The United States of America. -
Treaty of Paris 1783
The Treaty of Paris of 1783 was signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain, as it was a negotiation between the United Stats and Great Britain to end the Revolutionary war and recognize the colonies as a strong independent new nation.The Continental Congress named a five-member commission to negotiate a treaty–John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and Henry Laurens -- that will established the independence of colonial America from Britain. -
Shay's Rebellion
Shay's Rebellion is a series of protests in Massachusetts from 1786 through 1787 by American Farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgement for nation's debt. The Rebellion is named after Daniel Shays, a veteran of the American Revolution who led the rebels. Shay's Rebellion was one important event in the early years of US Government that affected debates over the Government structure. It proved the AOC insufficiently weak and there was a need to ratify them. -
The Great Debate
The Great debate in the drafting of the US Constitution had two sides of its lengthy political disputes: the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federalist supported the constitution, all power to the central government, and opposed the bill of rights. While the Anti-Federalist supported federal government, loose constitution, states rights, and Bill of Rights. However, The Federalist won the debate and made The Constitution the law of the land with a powerful central government. -
Three Branches of Government
The New structured U.S. Constitution created the three branches of Government, which was written in the first 7 articles by James Madison. For instance, Article 1 set up the legislative branch or congress, Article 2 created the judicial branch and Article 3 created the executive branch. The Federal government is composed of the distinct branch's powers and are vested in the U.S. Constitution, Congress, The President, and federal courts including the Supreme court to ensure separation of powers. -
Constitutional Convention
The constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on May 25, 1787. The Convention was intended to revise the Article of Confederation, but the chiefs among them, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, thought in creating a new government rather than fixing the Articles of Confederation.A total of 55 delegates representing 12 states attended the Convention. As a result, the US Constitution was born and marked among the most significant events in American History -
Period: to
The Constitution
The U.S. Constitution established America’s national government and fundamental laws, and guaranteed certain basic rights for its citizens with three executive branches and the Bill of Rights. It was signed on September 17, 1787, by delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, presided over by George Washington. After the first governing document, the Articles of Confederation, presented a weak national government, delegates established a strong federal government power in place. -
Virgina Plan 1787
After the Article of Confederation failed to resolve the colonial conflict known as the Shay's Rebellion, the need of a new ratified Constitution was urgent. The Congress came up with two constitutional plans, one of which is known as The Virginia Plan. The Virginia Plan was a set of fifteen proposals that the governor of Virginia Edmund Randolph presented to the delegates of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, on May 29, 1787, as a Large-State Plan for the new reformed government. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance, was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States passed July 13, 1787. It chartered a government for the northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory. In addition, the Northwest Ordinance also forbid slavery and involuntary servitude in its governing territory, thereby making the Ohio River a natural dividing line Between slave and free states. -
Election of 1788
The Election of 1788 is relatively known as the First quadrennial Presidential Election in the New Republic era. It was Conducted under the knew United Sates Constitution, after being ratified in 1787.George Washington was unanimously elected president of the United States versus John Adams. With 69 electoral votes, Washington won the support of each participating elector. No other president since has come into office with a universal mandate to lead, establishing the Executive branch. -
The Bill of Rights
The Bill Of Rights was written in 1789, by James Madison and was ratified 1791. The Bill of Rights are the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. They were written to protect the rights that the founding fathers wanted all US citizens to have such as guaranteed freedom of speech, press, assembly, and exercise of religion; the right to fair legal procedure and to bear arms; and that powers not delegated to the federal government would be reserved for the states and the people. -
Two Competing Forms of Government
After the US Constitution was put in place in 1787, distinct political disputes quickly became apparent.Washington and Adams represented the Federalist Party, which built tensions among those who resisted the new government’s assertions of federal power. However, Alexander Hamilton, Washington’s secretary of the treasury, was an ardent nationalist who believed a strong federal government could solve many of the new country’s financial ills. This created long lasting political debates in the US. -
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The New Republic
The New Republic, also the Young Republic, are the first years under the new ratified Constitution in the United States. The first election under the new constitution was in 1788 in which George Washington became the first president in the new nation, bringing forth governing roles that impacted the Political environment. Political Parties evolved as different points of views in the government expanded and created political issues. The whiskey rebellion presented power under the new republic. -
The Three - Tier System
The New Republic Era has established the new form of government known as The U.S. Constitution that represents guaranteed rights and liberty under its documents. In Addition to the first years of the republic, The Judiciary Act of 1789, officially titled "An Act to Establish the Judicial Courts of the United States," signed into law by President George Washington.The Three-Tier system is the federal court levels of U.S. District Court, U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and the U.S. Supreme Court. -
Free Black communities
The Free Black Community in the Early Republic were established in the north and south as they struggled to forge organizations and institutions to promote their burgeoning communities and attain equal rights in the face of slavery and racism. However, the liberty to be able to express themselves were determined where their community was established as they developed at the time the formation of the Union until the Civil War. They set standards to help their people grow in faith and persistence. -
Second Great Awakening
Earlier in History, the First Great Awakening marked history as a spiritual awakening movement in early colonization.Though it faded away, the upcoming awakening known as, the Second Great Awakening, took place in the early 19th-CE.It was a Protestant religious revival and its movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 lastly, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement.Leading to numerous social reform movements in U.S. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was a tax protest in the US during the presidency of George Washington. It was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the new formed federal government and it was intended to generate revenue for the war debt incurred during the Revolutionary War.However,Whiskey was the most popular beverage in America and the tax on whiskey made Farmers of the western frontier resist,leading to a rebellion. As the1st test of the Constitution it proved it to be strong and effective. -
Election of 1796
The United States presidential election of 1796 was the third presidential election. It was the first contested American presidential election and the only one in which a president and vice president were elected from opposing tickets. The elected president was John Adams, and the Vice president was Thomas Jefferson which despite their political differences demonstrated two parties collaboration for the future of its nation. Jefferson Declared "We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.". -
Kentucky Resolutions
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were political statements drafted in 1798 & 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.The Kentucky Resolutions attacked the validity of the Alien and Sedition Acts, the enactment of which were a reaction to the turbulent political climate of France during the late 1700s following the French Revolution. A compact among the states that led to the American Revolution. -
Jefferson: National Debt
Thomas Jefferson presidency involved the U.S. government's debt of more than 80 million dollars, a heavy amount in the post-revolution era. Jefferson's plan was to cut down federal taxes and concentrate on decreasing down the bureaucracy system. A backlash in improving the nation's debt was the Louisiana Purchase that doubled the size of the US, but the European war between Napoleon and British became a major vector for American economy. However,The Embargo Act of 1807 failed and made it worse. -
Industrilization: Changes in Transportation
Before the industrial Revolution, there was a time lag in almost everything that took place in the U.S main transportation system. The Industrial Revolution changed transportation methods greatly with new innovations such as Roads, River Traffic, Steamboats, Canals and Railroads. Effective transport network enabled the movement of heavy products and materials around in order to open us access to raw materials, breakdown local monopolies and help integrate economy where regions could collapse. -
Runaway Slaves
Slavery in America began when the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619 for plantation cultivation, labor and future heavy labor that brought numerous problems to America. Slaves constituted one-third of the southern population and most lived in large plantations where they were treated in the most discriminated cruel ways. The lifestyle of slaves motivated them to runaway to free-slave states for freedom from southern slavery. -
Temperance Movement
The temperance movement of the 19th & early 20th centuries was an organized effort to encourage moderation in the consumption of intoxicating liquors or press for complete abstinence.The movements ranks were mostly women & children who have been in terrifying situations involving intoxicated males.Temperance advocates encouraged their fellow Americans to reduce the amount of alcohol to reduce violence and ignorance.Leaving a large influence on American politics & society in the 19th and 20th CE. -
Changes of Agriculture in the Industrial Revolution
After the war of 1812, the agricultural society and economy were heading into a distinctive route that changes America's lifestyle forever. Agricultural base societies around the states began to transition into the powerful Industrialization culture. During the 18th century, after a long period of enclosures, new farming systems created an agricultural revolution that produced larger quantities of crops to feed the increasing population. These developments chnaged the employment and population. -
Steamboats
As the Industrial Revolution impacted America's way of living, population, employment, economic system, and figure the numerous transportation inventions changed the path of slow paced travel and economy production in the 1800s. Inventions such as the telegraph, Railroads, and Steamboats are one if the very few that revolutionized America's society. However, The Steamboat invention revolutionized transportation in America by allowing easy travel upriver with productions needed across the states. -
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The Age of Jefferson
The Age of Jefferson,known as the Presidency of Thomas Jefferson,author of the Declaration of Independence and the third U.S. president,was a leading figure in America’s early development. His plans as president led to purchasing the Louisiana Territory which doubled the size of the U.S. and allowed the Lewis and Clark expedition to mark history. Jefferson's Presidency paid the national debt, decreased military size and made an agrarian society but it also hurt the economy with the Embargo Act. -
Jefferson Administration 1801-1809
In 1801, Thomas Jefferson's presidential administration began after defeating incumbent President John Adams in the 1800 presidential election.He was the author of the Declaration of Independence and a leading figure in America’s early development.Jefferson's administration was simplistic and his attire attracted political criticism that spoke foolishly about him being the Third president of the U.S. During that time, he purchased the Louisiana Territory and Lewis and Clark westward exploration. -
Louisiana Purchase
During the Presidency of Thomas Jefferson, he attempted to issue a variety of plans that he believed would benefit the nation of the U.S. since Jefferson was a strong believer in a nation of farming and expansion, he heard about France's Louisiana Territory for sale and he couldn't let it pass by. President Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory in 1803 from France with a cost of 15 million U.S dollars, which acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River. -
The Embargo Act of 1807
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law passed by the United States Congress and signed by President Thomas Jefferson on December 22, 1807. It stopped American ships from trading in all foreign ports due to the fact that a great deal of American seamen were under British impressment. Nevertheless, this Act did more harm than good because it hurt the Nation's economy since the trade from European powers were prohibited.The Act led to the War of 1812, which was clear that unresolved issues were present. -
War of 1812
In the War of 1812,The 13 colonies in North America took on the European power,Great Britain,in a fight that impacted the future of the Young Republic. After British attempts to restrict American trade,the Royal Navy's impressment of American Seamen and America's desire to expand it brought forth a spirit of patriotism for the Nation's stability and respect. It's also known to be the 2nd war of independence from Britain and reflects the power of Americans as they uphold their independent nation. -
The Battle of Fort Mchenry
The National Anthem known today as " The Star Spangled Benner," is a fort in shape of a star, Fort McHenry.The Battle of Fort McHenry was fought September 13/14, 1814, during the War of 1812, where it successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from an attack by the British navy from the Chesapeake Bay. In addition to its significance, Fort McHenry gave birth to a Global known patriotic song, written by a British captive during the war of 1812, named Francis Scott Key. -
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The American Industrial Revolution
The American Industrial Revolution took place from 18th to 19th centuries that transitioned rural societies in America into an industrialized economical society. Prior to Industrialization, manufacturing was often done by people using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production which played central roles in the Industrial Revolution, which also saw improved systems of transportation, communication and banking -
Panic of 1819
The Panic of 1819 ,or The First Major U.S. Depression, followed a general collapse of the American economy persisting through 1821. It featured a widespread of foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing.It marked the end of the economic expansion that had followed the War of 1812.The Panic announced the transition of the nation from its colonial commercial status with Europe toward an independent economy and led to state banks for financial structure. -
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Cultural Changes
After the war of 1812, The United States began to evolved into an industrialized nation that changed the agricultural societies to a more advanced technological culture. Around 1820's The second great Awakening took place including the Educational uprising within the new culture. Industrialization affected the innovative society bringing a revivalism, suffrage, and political disputes such as Women's rights and slavery. Society's evolution also brought forth a diverse migration for the economy. -
Election of 1824
The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held October 26, to December 2, 1824 electing John Quincy Adams as the U.S. President. While its known as the Corrupt Bargain, Andrew Jackson won electoral votes but was not elected. The election was the only one in history to be decided by the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the U.S.Constitution after no candidate secured a majority of the electoral vote. -
Corrupt Bargain of 1824
The U.S. presidential election of 1824 was the tenth presidential election in which John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson ran against each other for the position. However, it was the first election where the decision was made by the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution after no candidate secured a majority of the electoral vote. Though Jackson won most electoral votes, he was not elected and his bitterness proclaimed it corrupt. -
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Age of Jackson
The Age of Jackson gave birth to modern democracy as Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States became the first candidate from the West to win the presidency in the election of 1828.Jackson believed in the will of the people and appealed to the “common man" but changed the way politics voted since the public outnumbered the elites.Though Jackson made positive impacts, he also played a negative roles such as personal attacks,Nullification Crisis, Indian removal act and bank wars. -
Election of 1828
The United States presidential election of 1828 was the 11th presidential election, featuring President John Q. Adams and Andre Jackson. Jackson and his chief ally Martin Van Buren consolidated their bases in the South and New York and easily defeated Adams as he was known as "The Common Man" for the people. The Democratic Party merged it strength from the existing supporters of Jackson, and its election of 1828 gave birth to the modern politic elections where candidates bash on each other. -
Second Party System
The Second Party System burst into the platform during Andrew Jackson's democracy age & presidential election of 1828 .The Second Party System is a name for the political party system in the U.S during 1800s. It arose with increasing levels of voter interests and partisan identification leading into the presidential election where Jackson contributed to its revolution. It is the first an only party system where two major parties remain on equal footing and reflect on shaping currents in the U.S. -
Jackson's Administration
The United States presidential election of 1828 was the 11th quadrennial presidential election won by "The Common
Man" Andrew Jackson. Jackson's Administration involved a variety of changes in our political system, economic system & population influences in our nation such as the Indian Removal Act. Jacksonian Democracy marked the transition of the First Party System to the Second Party System, expanding Democracy's electorate vote & political party that is relatively known in modern politics. -
Railroads
The Industrial and economic developments f the industrial Revolution brought significant social changes. Industrialization resulted in an increase in population and the phenomenon of urbanization, as a growing number of people moved to urban centers in search of employment. Richard Trevithick developed the first successful railroad system locomotive.The opening on the Baltimore and Ohio line began a railroad revolution for America. Railroads sparked a national revolution in the way people lived. -
Anti-Slavery Movement
As the political and social perspectives that teared and separated the U.S. states over slavery's cruelty, there were distinctively a pair of groups that reign common thoughts over the circumstances, Pro-slavery southerners and Anti-slavery northerners.Abolitionist in the 1830s through 1870s organized a movement that was the immediate emancipation of all slaves and the end of racial discrimination and segregations. They were successful & led to the revolutionary ends of slavery in the Civil War. -
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism is a 19th-CE school of American Theological and philosophical thought that combined respect for nature and self-sufficiency with elements of Unitarianism and German Romanticism. Writer Ralph Waldo Emerson was the primary practitioner of the movement, which became an organized group in the 1830s.They called for individual freedom and helped abolitionist movement of the time. However, in the 1850s its considered to have lost some of its influence following the Death of Fuller. -
Indian Removal Act
President Andrew Jackson spent years leading brutal campaigns against Native American Indians in Georgia, Alabama and In Florida that resulted in the transfer of hundreds, thousands of acres of land from Indian nations to white farmers. His determination led him to sign the Indian Removal Act, which gave the federal government the power to exchange Native-held land in the cotton kingdom east of the Mississippi for land to the west but The removal also created what known as the "Trail of Tears." -
Sam Houston
Born in Virginia, Same Houston became a lawyer, congressman, and senator in Tennessee.On April 21, 1836, Houston and his men defeated Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna at San Jacinto to secure Texan independence. He was voted the president in 1836 and again in 1841, then served as a senator after Texas became a state in 1845. He became the first President of Texas before he served as a US Senator and a Governor of Texas.His legacy reigns long after over the history of Texas and U.S. -
Telegraph
The Telegraph system was invented by Samuel Morse in 1837 and engaged significantly as a new military strategy during the Civil War & Presidency of Abraham Lincoln. It uses electrical signals, usually conveyed via dedicated telecommunication lines. It superseded optical semaphore telegraph systems, becoming the first form of electrical telecommunications.The telegraph gave Americans the chance to send and receive messages at an unprecedented speed and volume, and Lincoln usage for the Civil War. -
Election of 1836
The United States presidential election of 1836 was the 13th quadrennial presidential election between Democrat Martin Van Buren and other several Whig Party candidates led by William Henry Harrison. Buren defeated Harrison and destroyed the Whig Strategy by polling well in all sections of the country even though Whigs were able to make significant gains in Congress. This was the only instance in which the Senate has been called upon to perform this duty and marked a turning point in Politics. -
Frederick Douglas
Fredrick Douglas was a prominent American abolitionist, author & orator. Born a slave, Douglas escaped at age 20 to become one of the world's leading figures in abolitionism.Douglas wrote several autobiographies describing his experiences as a slave. He became a bestseller & powerful influence in promoting the cause of abolition due to his attacks of Jim Crow and Lynching in the 1890s Famous for his American ideals and persuasion through his words over slavery, racism & gave hope for his people. -
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Wesward Expansion
In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson purchased the territory of Louisiana from the French government for $15 million.To Jefferson, westward expansion was the key to the nation’s health; believing that the republic depended on an independent, virtuous citizenry for its survival, and that independence and virtue went hand in hand with land ownership, especially the ownership of small farms. This doubled the size for the country and by 1840,7 million Americans migrated westward,as Manifest Destiny. -
Election of 1844
The U.S. presidential election of 1844 was the 15th quadrennial presidential election, where Democrat James K. Polk defeated Whig Henry Clay in a close contest that turned on the controversial issue of slavery expansion through the annexation of the Republic of Texas. The election took place in the midst of a bitter congressional disputes over anti-slavery agitation that revealed how fragile the peaceful coexistence of free-soil and slave-soil interests within the United States really was. -
Annexation of Texas
The Texas annexation was the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845. The Republic of Texas declared independence from the Republic of Mexico on March 2, 1836. The annexation led quickly to war with Mexico in 1846. The victorious United States came away with control of the American Southwest and California through the Treaty of Guadalupe in 1848. -
Mexican American War
The Mexican-American War marked the first U.S. armed conflict chiefly fought on foreign soil. It pitted a politically divided and militarily unprepared Mexico against the expansionist-minded administration of U.S. President James K. Polk, who believed the United States had a “manifest destiny” to spread across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. A border skirmish along the Rio Grande started off the fighting and was followed by a series of U.S. victories. -
Suffrage : Women's rights
After the Civil War, women evolved greatly in the work environment, nursing, literacy & education as the nation fought the bloodiest war in American History.After the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 demanded women's suffrage for the first time, after nations distraction over the war.Amendments were pass for the rights of black people, while women remained under their labeling positon. Women's suffrage for quality was established nationally in 1920 as the 19th amendment, giving them their rights. -
Treaty of Guadalupe and future issues
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: February 2, 1848. Following the defeat of the Mexican army and the fall of Mexico City, in September 1847, the Mexican government surrendered and peace negotiations began. The war officially ended with February 2, 1848, signing in Mexico of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.The treaty effectively halved the size of Mexico and doubled the territory of the United States. This territorial exchange had long-term effects on both nations. Leading to the mex- American war. -
Oregon Trial
The 2,200-mile east-west trail served as a critical transportation route for emigrants traveling from Missouri to Oregon and other points west during the mid-1800s. Travelers were inspired by dreams of gold and rich farmlands, but they were also motivated by difficult economic times in the east and the diseases like yellow fever and malaria that were decimating the Midwest around 1837. -
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Sectionalism
During the 1850s, sectional differences within the United States, largely about slavery, grew wider as the country's leaders debated whether to allow slavery to expand into the western territories and as criticism of slavery intensified in some free states.The Compromise of 1850 had temporarily settled some of the sectional divisions,but it did not solve the problems of the existence of slavery in part of the nation. The North and South's sectionalism divided the nation leading to the civil war. -
California Gold Rush
The discovery of gold nuggets in the Sacramento Valley in early 1848 sparked the Gold Rush, arguably one of the most significant events to shape American history during the first half of the 19th century. As news spread of the discovery, thousands of prospective gold miners traveled by sea or over land to San Francisco and the surrounding area; by the end of 1849, the non-native population of the California territory was some 100,000. This led a revolutionary time in American history. -
Slavery : Sectional Crisis
Sectional Crisis in 1850s, sectional differences within the United States, largely about slavery, grew wider as the country's leaders debated whether to allow slavery to expand into the western territories and as criticism of slavery intensified in some free states.Compromise of 1850, Congress agreed to admit California to the U.S. as a free state; to allow slavery in the new territories of New Mexico and Utah; to prohibit the slave trade in Washington, D.C.; and to pass the Fugitive Slave Law. -
Compromise of 1850
Senator Henry Clay introduced a series of resolutions on January 29, 1850, in an attempt to seek a compromise & avert a crisis between North and South.created when new land were added to the U.S. As part of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was abolished.The south gained strength of the fugitive slave law, the north gained a new free state, California. Texas lost territory but was compensated with $10 million to pay for its debt. -
Fugitive Slave Act
The Fugitive Slave Law was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slave-holding interests and Northern Free-Soilers, Abolitionists nicknamed it the "Bloodhound Law" for the dogs that were used to track down runaway slaves.The Act was strengthened at the insistence of the slave states of the South by the Compromise of 1850, which required even the governments and residents of free states to enforce captures. -
Kansas- Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders.serving to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´. Kansas with slavery would violate the Missouri Compromise, which had kept the Union from falling apart for the last thirty-four years.The long-standing compromise would have to be repealed -
Bleeding Kansas
Bleeding Kansas is the term used to described the period of violence during the settling of the Kansas territory. In 1854 the Kansas-Nebraksa Act overturned the Missouri Compromise’s use of latitude as the boundary between slave and free territory and instead, using the principle of popular sovereignty, decreed that the residents would determine whether the area became a free state or a slave state. Proslavery & free-state settlers flooded into Kansas to try to influence the decision. -
Industrialization
after the war of 1812, the need of a revolutionized era took root known as the Industrialization. This changed the way of living, economy, education, transportation, and innovation among the nation.industrialization in the United States increased at a breakneck pace. This period, encompassing most of the second half of the nineteenth century, has been called the Second Industrial Revolution or the American Industrial Revolution. -
South : Military Leadership
Military leadership in the American Civil War was influenced by professional military education and the hard-earned pragmatism of command experience. The confederacy during the Civil War had large amount of experience and military knowledge than the North's Union.Jefferson Davis was named provisional president on February 9, 1861 on the confederacy section. Military leaders ignited a strategically force during the war against the Union for the fight for slavery's legacy. -
South : Robert E. Lee
Robert E. Lee served as a military officer in the U.S. Army, a West Point commandant and the legendary general of the Confederate Army during the American Civil War.In June 1861,Lee assumed command of the Army of Northern Virginia, which he would lead for the rest of the war.Lee and his army achieved great success during the Peninsula Campaign and at Second Bull Run (Mansassas) and Fredericksburg, with his greatest victory coming in the bloody Battle of Chancellorsville, but declined at the end. -
Neutral States : Civil War Era
The Lincoln administration regarded Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri as border states, critical because of their geographical positions and questionable in loyalty because of their strong ties to both South and North. Slavery existed in all 4 states, though its importance had diminished in Delaware and Maryland as their prewar economies became increasingly interwoven with the North's. -
North : Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses Grant (1822-1885) commanded the victorious Union army during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and served as the 18th U.S. president from 1869 to 1877. An Ohio native, Grant graduated from West Point and fought in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). During the Civil War, Grant, an aggressive and determined leader, was given command of all the U.S. armies. After the war he became a national hero, and the Republicans nominated him for president in 1868. -
Army of the Potomac
The Bloodiest war in the United States history was the Civil War that was fought over increasing disputes on Slavery among the Northern and Southern states. As the tensions between Northern Abolitionist and pro-slavery Southerners furthered their distance from each other, the states evolved into different sections that fought against each other. The Union army in the Northern section was known as the "Army of the Potomac," was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run. -
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The Civil War
In the Spring of 1861, The American Civil War was fought as a result of a longstanding controversy over state rights, westward expansion and slavery within the Northern and Southern states. Four years of brutal conflict among the north and south ended in Confederate surrender in 1865, the Civil War proved to be the costliest war ever fought on American soil, with some 620,000 of 2.4 million soldiers killed, millions more injured and the population and territory of the South devastated. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation, also known as Proclamation 95, was a presidential and executive order issued by President Lincoln during the American Civil War after the battle of Antietam. The Emancipation proclamation granted the freedom to the slaves in the Confederate states if the States did not return to the union by January 1, 1863. This brought a spirit of liberty among the colored population, but it didn't specify on the exact date the freedom and right for the salves were to take place. -
The Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg was fought from July 1st to July 3rd in 1863, and is considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War. On July 1, the advancing Confederates clashed with the Union’s Army of the Potomac, commanded by General George G. Meade, at Gettysburg. Ending with a Union victory that stopped Confederate General Robert E. Lee's second invasion of the North. However, more than 50,000 men fell as casualties during the war making it the bloodiest turning point.' -
The Gettysburg Address
During the American Civil War President Abraham Lincoln had been invited to speak at the dedication of the new cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, as the final resting place for soldiers who had died in the bloodiest battle of the civil way, Battle of Gettysburg. President Lincoln rose & spoke out a 272 word speech revealing poetic brevity of the importance the proposition "All men are created equal" brought to America's history. It has become an inspirational defense of liberty in the nation. -
Lincolns 10% Plan
After Union's victory from the bloodiest 4 year war known as the Civil War, the South's conditions, consequences and social society had to be reevaluated under the government & Presidential plans. President Lincoln issued his blueprint for reconstruction that included the Ten-Percent Plan, which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters swore an oath of allegiance to the Union.The Proclamation of Amnesty(Ten% Plan), was issued Dec 8th, 1863. -
Freedom Amendments : Slavery
During the Era of Reconstruction, the Union's victory in the Civil War lead to period of reconstructing the social, economic, and society principalities in the South. President Lincoln issues three slave amendments that would guarantee the freedom, equality, and citizenship for the black community among the nation. The Thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendment are the slave documentations for freedom, citizenship, and equality rights to votes. In Congress, they were passed by the Senate. -
The 13th Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment established the first of the 3 slave amendments to the constitution of the United States following the Civil War. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865. The Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. It clarified the freedom of slaves that the Emancipation Proclamation did not specify and permanently solved disputes. -
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Reconstruction
After the Union victory in the Civil War in 1865 gave 4 million slaves their freedom,the process of rebuilding the South during the Reconstruction period introduced a new set of significant challenges and changes in the nation.Though the racial views in the South remained after the war, the South was in economic ruin as the source of the profitable labor was taken away.As a result of the reconstruction,newly enfranchised blacks gained a voice in government for the first time in American history. -
White Resistance : Reconsturction brings White Resistance
After the Civil War,Radical Republicans in Congress believed former slaves would need support from the federal government to protect their new rights.Many white Southerners disagreed, often taking violent actions to intimidate African Americans and resist the new formed amendments to abolish them.Many White individuals resented the black community for rising to equality in the society, thereby White resistance created groups known as The Brotherhood and The KKK to punish blacks and social order. -
Panic of 1873
The panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that gave birth to a depression in Europe and North America that lasted from 1873 through 1879. In Britain, it started a two-decade of stagnation known as the " Great Depression" and weakened the country's economic leadership and strong commerce. when Jay Cooke and Company closed their doors, it signaled an economic collapse. Until events of the early 1930's new setting standard, the "Great Depression," reinforced the need for a perception gold standard. -
Jim Crow Laws
After Union Victory in the Civil War, the aftermath from the four years of bloodshed revealed an economic, agriculture damage,and distressful disputes across the nation over the outcomes that the war produced.The plans issued for the South's consequential actions originated hatred among the southerners over black individuals for their rise to equality to white men in America.Jim crow laws enforced racial segregation in the South between the end of the Reconstruction Era and The Civil Rights Era. -
Compromise of 1877
After the election of 1876, the lager disputed returns from Florida, Lousiana, and South-Carolina being the only states in the South with Reconstruction-Era Made the 19th president, Ruther Hayes, issue a compromise that would end the reconstruction. The compromise of 1877 was a purported, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed presidential election and pulled troops out of state politics to end the Reconstruction Era.As a result, this implied anger among the northern democrats. -
Minning
Mining in the United States has been active since colonial times, but became a major industry in the 19th century with a number of new mineral discoveries causing a series of mining "rushes." In 2015, the value of coal, metals, and industrial minerals mined in the United States was US$109.6 billion.the United Mine Workers (UMW) labor union has played a key role in United States coal mining. Strikes were very common, the rhetoric employed about exploitation was effective in mobilizing strikers. -
Canal Age
The Canal era in the United States represented a major phase of the 19th century economic rise known as the market revolution. Canals lowered transport costs, connected eastern and western markets, fueled economic growth, and in some cases generated waterpower for manufacturing.DeWitt Clinton successfully petitioned the New York State legislature to build the canal and bring a dream to reality. It Final completion was in 1825 and the canal's success led to an industrialization of Canal usage. -
Revivalism
the Evangelical Great Awakening, revival is seen as “a movement of the Holy Spirit bringing about revival of New Testament Christianity in the Church of Christ and in its related community.Revivalism is increased spiritual interest or renewal in the life of a church congregation or society, with a local, national or global effect. The word evangelical refers to the belief that all people must recognize their faults, repent of their sins and covert to God and impacted the religious social worlds.
