-
15,000 BCE
The Bering Land Bridge
The Bering Land Bridge was the pathway that early humans
traveled to reach from Asia to North America.There were three 3 main waves. The first wave was about 27,000 years ago and brought the Clovis Point culture, the second was 8000 years ago and brought ancestors of modern southwest natives. The last final wave was 5000 years ago where ancestors of Arctic natives came. -
Period: 1 BCE to
Beginnings to Exploration
Exploration and discovery to the beginnings of expansion. -
1000
The Dark Ages
The dark ages was known as a backwards time for Europe, because instead of advancing, they fell back. There was no higher learning and the economy was extremely weak. Europeans were completely dominated (educationally and culturally) by the catholic church. -
1200
The Crusades
The Crusades were religious and political massacres fought by the Catholic church in hopes of gaining control of the Holy Land, Jerusalem from the Muslims and stopping the spread of Islam. The Crusades were relatively unsuccessful and mainly known for the knowledge, military, and trade gained form the missionaries. -
1346
The Black Death
This horrific event transformed Europe completely. The black Death, also known as the plague, killed nearly half of Europe's population. This led to a shortage of workers, this shortage was the foundation to the beginnings of a merchant society, thus a new economy. -
Jan 11, 1450
The Colombian Exchange
The Colombian Exchange (named after Columbus) was the transfer of goods, diseases,culture, and ideas form the old world to the new world. The New world was the Americas and The Old World was Europe, Africa, and Asia. The old world benefited most form this exchange because while they got resources, the New world received many new diseases they were not immune to. -
Jan 11, 1500
The Renaissance
The Renaissance was cultural movement. It was a time of revival for literature, art and learning that began in Italy and moved throughout Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries. Many classical ideas of Rome and Greece were reborn and new ideas in technology were advanced. -
The Reformation
The Reformation was the splitting of the Catholic Church. It was began by Martin Luther, who writes the 95 Thesis about the power of Indulgences. The Reformation was continued on by John Calvin and many others. -
Tobacco
Tobacco was the cash crop that saved Jamestown. It came from the Caribbeans and was a very praised product. Once the colonist got their hands in the tobacco seed it was a major product to Europeans. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
Settlement of England colonist in the New World. -
John Smith
John Smith was a soldier and adventurer. He is known for the establishment and government of the Jamestown colony-the first permanent English settlement in North America.He created a treaty with the natives, established trade. With the help of Pocahontas, they were the reason the colonists survived two winters. -
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was the governing document of the Plymouth colony. It is of importance because it was the first governing document, and it made the settlement legal. . It established a temporary government for that colony. Only male passenger signed the contract. -
Navigation Acts
The Navigation Acts were acts passed onto colonies that limited trade with Dutch. It required that all goods be shipped on English or Colonial American ships. The design was meant for England to regulate trade and collect taxes in the colonies. -
Carolina
Carolina was founded for three reasons: as a buffer between Spanish and Florida, To make money (closely tied with Barbados, settlers from West Indies in Caribbean), and as a storage colony (colony set up for a colony). -
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution was the over throw of King James II by Charles' Daughter and husband, William III.They wanted to overthrow Kings James II because of his desire for a Spanish styled government, new taxes, and wish to ally England with Catholic France. King James II was the first Catholic monarch in over 100 years, and the last Catholic monarch in all. The outcome was the English Bill of Rights which has a huge impact on colonial government and future problems. -
John Locke
John Locke, known as the Father of Liberalism, was an important philosopher in the time of the Enlightenment. He believed that all people were equal, and had the right to defend life, liberty, and possessions. He is known for his idea of a social contract, and his ideas which later became the focal contributions for our government. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials were trials held in Massachusetts. It began with the ministers daughter ad spread to many others in town. They were accused of witchcraft. By the end of the trials, dozens were dead and hundreds were accused. -
Period: to
Colonial America
-
John Edwards
John Edwards was an important philosopher and minister during the Great Awakening. He preached that they were a consumer orientated society, and warned sinners they were going to hell unless the repent and ask for mercy. -
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was a reaction to the secularism of The Enlightenment. It was an outbreak of religious revivals led by ministers in the American colonies. In this period, many elite American universities were founded and changes in colonial American society occurred. -
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a time period in which ideas of science and reason traveled across the Atlantic Ocean. In this time period, people questioned biblical beliefs, new technologies were invented, and new social ideas came about. -
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade carried slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between Africa, the American Colonies, and Europe.It was a new source for goods for Europe in the 1600's. It was led by Spain, Portugal, and Holland. By the 1700's, Britain was the largest power. -
Seven-Years War / French and Indian War
This war mainly involved England, France, and Spain, but involved every European great power and spanned over 5 continents. It began in 1765 and ended in 1763. It was a war fought over territory.The result is the end of French rule in North America,British control over new France (Canada), and eventually the Kings Proclamation. -
Treaty of Paris 1763
The Treaty of Paris 1763 ended the French and Indian war. This treat will end all of French rule in North America giving Britain control of Canada. This treaty altered maps completely. French will only have control of Haiti and other small islands. A tense relationship stands with Britain and frontier natives. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
Americans fight for their freedom against England. -
Stamp Act
The Stamp act was placed on American Colonies after the Sugar act. The Stamp Act put a tax on all printed papers, mostly affecting lawyers and printers. Angered by this, 9/13 colonies got together and met as the Stamp Act Congress sending representatives to England. Protests erupted over the Stamp Act. -
The Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre occurred in Boston, Massachusetts - the hot and most dedicated place for rebellion. It began when British soldiers were harassed by a patriotic mob. The end result was the Army firing upon the crowd. Only 5 colonist died, was mainly American Propaganda. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea party occurred when drunk Bostonian (members of the Sons of Liberty) decided to dress as Indians and board 3 British ships. They dump 340 chests of tea into the Boston Harbor. This was in retaliation to the Tea Act. -
Dunmore's Proclamation
Dunmore's Proclamation was made by John Murray offering freedom to slaves after the war had they agreed to fight on the side of British during the American revolution. -
The Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson, this document declared the colonies as united and independent against the British, writing down all their grievances. It was completed on July second and signed on the fourth. The two reasons for it being written was to declare independence and gain allies (Spain and France). -
Battle of Saratoga
This was a battle during the American Revolution. It is of importance because it was the turning point in the American Revolution. Receiving a major victory, the Americans gained the support of the French, committing their troops and navy. Along with the French, the Spanish and Dutch joined as well. -
Treaty of Paris 1783
This treaty ended the Revolutionary war. The Treaty of Paris recognized The United States as independent and sovereign. It granted fishing rights to the US off newfound land. It established a northern border with Canada. It promised to restore loyalist properties and gave both nations access to the Mississippi River. Some of this treaty is not honored. -
Problems With the British-Mississippi River
The Treaty of Paris 1783 granted both nations access to the Mississippi River. The problem was that The US was to receive the frontier land to the Mississippi River, but the British still had their troops there. This was because the Americans did not honor the Treaty of Paris of 1783 by withholding loyalist property. -
Period: to
The Constitution
Americans go through two different governing documents and the process it takes to finalize the last one. -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederations was the first governing document after the Revolutionary War. The Articles of Confederation was very weak, congress could not get anything done. There was no central authority. They were unable to tax and to get anything done all 13 colonies had to agree on it first. -
American Virtue
American Virtue in the late 18th century was the Americans celebrating their freedom from England by changing their ideals and culture away form England. . They celebrated the ideals of Republicanism (representatives-Roman and Greece, involved everyday citizens). They had state constitutions and educated their citizens.They instituted their Republican ideals into their culture by having unique furniture and architecture, and even questioned turning Greek into the new language. -
Shays Rebellion
Shays Rebellion began when creditors seized farms from in debt farmers. It was led by Daniel Shay and consisted of 4,000 revolutionary war veterans.The rebellion was put down but that didn't stop the idea that the Articles of Confederation needed to be changed. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was the process of new state admission into the US. This also made the Ohio River the dividing line between free and slave sates. It also stated the amount of governors and legislatures needed etc. It was also one of the only good things to come out during the time of the Articles of Confederation. -
Constitutional Convention
This convention consisted of the founding fathers who got together in Philadelphia to discuss the problematic Articles of Confederation and the need for a new form of government. -
The Great Debate
The Great Debate was a series of protest for and against The Constitution. The Federalist were for The Constitution and opposed the Bill of Rights. John Jay wrote "The Federalist" which supported The Constitution.The Anti-Federalist supported less federal government and states rights. The end result will be the Federalist winning and The Constitution becoming the law of the land. -
Election of 1788
The election of 1788 was the first election under the new constitution. George Washington ran for election along with John Adams. Basically everyone knew that Washington would win, and because there were no running mates at the time, second place received the position of Vice President. -
Period: to
The New Republic
-
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights guaranteed peoples individual rights and liberties. They are the first ten amendments. It was written by James Madison who first introduced 39 but narrowed it down to 10. The Bill of Rights was supported by the anti-federalist who supported states rights. -
The Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion occurred in Pennsylvania and Kentucky when a tax was placed on whiskey. Whiskey, at the time, was economically important and learned large profit. Upset, 6000 farmers revolted and attacked Pittsburgh, but they revolt was soon put down by Resident George Washington. The importance of this rebellion was that it revealed the strength of the Constitution. -
Jays Treaty
This treaty is where the US and Great Britain sought to resolve all problems remaining from the revolutionary war. Britain agreed to vacate forts. This enraged republicans, they saw federalist as pro-British. -
Pinckney's Treaty
Pinckney's treaty was an agreement between the US and Spain. In this Treaty they outlined that the US could navigate the Mississippi, use New Orleans, and they also set the boundary with Florida. -
XYZ Affair
The XYZ Affair happened during John Adams presidency. The XYZ affair occurred due to the problems Jay's Treaty caused such as limiting french trade. Thus, the French wanted concessions- $250,000 for each diplomat, a $10M French loan, and a public apology from John Adams. When the US refused, an undeclared naval war with France broke out. The XYZ Affair received t's name because those involved where unknown. -
Kentucky Resolutions
Thomas Jefferson was the author of the Kentucky Resolutions. The Kentucky Resolutions stated that states could nullify unconstitutional laws, and that the Constitution was a compact among the states - they could leave the union if they desired. States rights. -
Election of 1800
Running for the election of 1800 from the Federalist party was John Adams, and from the Democratic-Republican party was Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The end result was a tie between Burr and ]Jefferson.The winner was to be decided by the House of Representatives. A deal is struck where Hamilton persuades the house to vote for Jefferson (winner) as long as he does not undo federalist policies. Coming out of this election is the 12th amendment which requires separate ballots for VP & pres. -
Period: to
Age of Jefferson
-
The Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase occurred during Jefferson’s presidency. The US paid less than 3 cents per acre. Jefferson decided to buy the land quickly in case Napoleon from France backed out of the deal, therefore there was no time to amend the Constitution. This land purchase secured the Mississippi river and doubled the size of the US. -
Embargo Act of 1807
This act prohibited American ships from trading with Great Britain and France. (Mainly GB) This act was very unpopular at sea ports (NE) and hurt the economy. Britain’s upset over this policy and gives guns and supplies to the natives for them to cause problems for the US. (Tecumseh will raid American settlements.) -
War of 1812 (-1815)
Many wanted to go to war with Britain (who had a very powerful navy) due to the impressment of American sailors, Britain giving guns to natives, and the blockade of American ports. Fighting on land first, Britain will take our capital and burn the White House (in response to our attack), but the Americans will retaliate and beat them in the water at the Great Lakes. The “final battle” of the war was an American win at New Orleans. The result of the war was a draw, and did not solve any issues. -
Francis Scott Key
Francis Scott Key was an American poet who wrote the The Star Spangled Banner, which began as a poem, and later became our national anthem. It was written during the battle at Fort McHenry in which he described the battle and Americas willpower to persist. -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
-
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
The Adams-Onis treaty ceded Florida to the US from Spain. It also stated Spain's recognition of the US claim to Louisiana (defined the boundary). -
McCulloch v. Maryland
McCulloch v. Maryland was a landmark supreme court case. It gave the federal government implied powers (which was a federalist idea that the Constitution was meant to change)-this led the south to more radical views of states rights. The US bank, because of the economic depression, taxed. McCulloch, of Balitimore, did not pay and was sued by Maryland. The end result was that the government had the right to interstate commerce. -
Temperance Movement
The Temperance Movement was a social movement where people would abstain from consuming alcohol. Consumption was at an all time high, it was a usual to drink all day and drunks loitered everywhere. It was a dramatic movement to remove alcohol, and some states even banned it. Many women supported this movement due to physical abuse that occurred while husbands were drunk. -
Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening began in 1800 and picked up in 1820. It had to do with religious romanticism-making religion look good. It was a emotional and supernatural movement. Many in the movement rejected secularism, which was the separation of religion and government. The revival of religion sparked the belief in free will and direct preaching. New advancements in print will help get the word of the bible out. -
Education
As education in the early 1800's increased, new colleges were created. Pursuing a higher education was encouraged and receiving a actual grade came into play. Textbooks and instruction were brought to education as did attendance. The only backlash was that while kids were being taught at school, no one was working the farms. (labor issues). -
Cotton Gin
The cotton gin, created by Eli Whitney, was a machine that became majorly used in the south. It was able to more quickly remove seeds from cotton. Because of this machine, slavery increased marginally, and the south became widely known for its production of cotton. -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise came about when Missouri wanted to apply as a slave state. The problem with this was that it would upset the perfect balance between slave and free states. The compromise decided that there would always be a 1:1 ratio between slave and free states (Maine broke up as a free state). It established an imaginary lone (36* 30*) which stated that below the line was slave state and above was free. -
Period: to
Cultural Changes
-
Election of 1824
The election of 1824's nominees were Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams, William Crawford, and Henry Clay. the results were Jackson winning the popular vote but not the electoral vote, and Adams winning the election due to the "corrupt bargain". This bargain was between Henry Clay who convinced congress to vote for Adams and in return he would become the secretary of state. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
-
Election of 1828
The election of 1828's nominees were Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams. Having lost his first time running, Jackson's new strategy was to promote himself as a "common man". This election was very messy and consisted of personal attacks between Jackson and Adams. Despite he bad publicity, Jackson wins overwhelmingly. -
Spoils System
The spoils system occurred first during the presidential term of Jackson. The spoils system is when people are appointed to jobs due to the relationship with the president, who looks for specific political views, support and "friends". Basically hes replacing the bureaucracy with his supporters. -
Indian Removal Act of 1830
This act was put into place by Andrew Jackson. This gave the president power to exchange Indian land. Indians were removed from their land and relocated to a designated Indian territory. A few tribes agreed to the relocation peacefully but most resisted. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Nat Turners rebellion was the strongest and largest slave uprising. Between 60 and 80 slaves rose up against their master killing 55 white people. The end result was the the strengthening of south militias, and "Slave Codes" prohibiting slave preaching, reading or writing, and testifying in court. Also, an assault on a white person became a capital offense. Although these laws were put into place, this rebellion left an imprint on the south. -
Election of 1832
This election consisted of 3 parties, the democratic part-Andrew Jackson, the National Republican party (anti-Jackson party)-Henry Clay, and the Anti-Masonic Party-William Wirt. Henry Clay tried to use the national bank against Andrew Jackson, who, hated the bank because he felt it favored the rich. Despite his tactics, Jackson explains why he vetos the bank in a speech so well to the common man that even his opposition support him. The end result was Jackson destroying Clay in the election. -
American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS)
The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) was an abolitionist group (waanted to rid the US of slavery).They wanted to stop slavery and give African Americans freedom and equality. -
Telegraph
During the early American industrial revolution, advancements in communication were made. Along with news being able to spread faster, communicating to and fro became easier due to the telegraph. Invented by Samuel Morse, "morse" code was used to send electrical signals messages across a wire. -
Election of 1836
Martin Van Buren (Old Kinderhook-Jacksons VP) barely won the election of 1836. With becoming president, he inherited the US bad economy, and was blamed for The Panic of 1837, where he gained the name “Martin Van Ruin”. -
Battle of San Jacinto
Two mistakes were made for this battle to lead to a Texan victory. It began when Sam Houston surprise attacked Santa Anna (who was taking a nap- mistake 1). Because Mexican forces were dived, (mistake 2) the Texan army was able to defeat the Mexican army in less than 20 minutes, and had Santa Anna captured. -
Iron Plow
America underwent an economic revolution. In agriculture, one item that was invented was the iron plow. It was made by John Deere which allowed farmers to cultivate crops more efficiently. -
First Police Forces
As urban growth and immigration increased as did racial tensions. Crime and tensions increased and the need for police forces came about.The first was in Boston (38') and followed by the NYPD (45'). -
Election of 1840
Martin Van Buren will run for reelection against Whig party General William Henry Harrison. The run for president is filled with rumor spreading about Van Buren by the Whig party. Harrison promise to bring the economy back and wins in a landslide. Harrison only lasts a month and is replaced by VP John Tyler. -
Period: to
Westward Expansion
-
Election of 1844
Running for president were nominees Henry Clay, Whig who was against slavery, and James K. Polk, democrat who only wanted one term to make manifest destiny a reality. Winning the election, James. K. Polk had 3 goals: to annex Texas, settle the Oregon Border, and settle the Mexican border. -
Lowell Mills
The Lowell Mills were factories where single young women were the labor force. These young women were housed there (homes payed for already). The pros were earning more money but the cons were he horrible hours and conditions. -
Edgar Allan Poe
Edgar Allan Poe was an american writer in the 1800's. He had a very bumpy life, but at the age of 20 he had written two books of poetry. -
Irish Immigration
The Irish migrated to the US due to a potato famine in Ireland. They accounted for 1/3 of immigrants and were highly despised by Americans. -
Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Proviso was a proposal to ban slavery in the land acquired from Mexico after the Mexican-American War. It caused a political firestorm, and was defeated in congress. This will cause Whigs and Democrats to split themselves into pro and anti-slavery factions. (regional parties). -
Mexican American War
The Mexican American War began in 1846 and lasted two years. It began due to the US wanting to annex Texas and disputes over the border arose. The US believed the border was at The Rio Grande and Mexico believed the border was at The Nueces River. It officially started when Mexian dispatch attacked Zachary Taylor who was sent to dispute the border. -
Zachary Taylor
Zachary Taylor was a soldier in the United States Army during the Mexican-American War before becoming the 12th president of the United States. He was the one sent to dispute the territory border and was attacked by Mexican dispatch. He ran for election n 48' as a member of the Whig party, though he claimed himself a no party man. His political views were mostly unknown yet he was still elected president. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo officially ended the Mexican-American war. It settled the border dispute (obviously the Rio Grande), seized over 1/2 of Mexico's territory, and led to increased problems with slavery. -
Election of 1848
Running for president were Lewis Cass, a democrat, and Zachary Taylor, a whig who claimed to be a no party man, and former President Martin Van Buren. Zachary Taylor wins the election becoming the 12th president of the US. -
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a leader in suffrage (right to vote) for women. She believed in equal rights, and shocked other women when she first suggested for them to vote. She wrote the Declaration of Sentiment which stated that all men and women were created equal. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
-
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of The Scarlet Letter, was an American novelist and short story writer in the 1800's. Most of his writing had Puritan inspiration, often with moral messages or deeply complex. -
Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay introduced compromises to fix the conflict between the N & S. It included Cali entering as a free state, NM being divided into 2 (will decided on slavery issue), settling Texas border issue, and stronger fugitive slave laws. The Compromise of 1850 was 5 separate bills stating: Cali a free state, NM and Utah will decide on slavery by popular will, Texan debt is taken over by the federal government, slavery is banned in Washington DC, and the strengthening of the Fugitive Slave Act. -
Fugitive Slave Act
The Fugitive Slave Act was a part of the Compromise of 1850. It created commissioners for returning slaves. It stated that slaves had no right to trial, and that whites in the North can be jailed for refusing to help. It basically required the return of runaway slaves. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
This act is created because the south was afraid of 2 new free states that were entering-Kansas and Nebraska. The south wanted to get rid of the Missouri Compromise 36* 30* line and wanted a transcontinental railroad going through the South because of how underdeveloped the they were in comparison to the North. And that is what the act did. When it was passed it caused complete polarization. Kansas entered as a slave state and Nebraska as a free state. -
Bleeding Kansas
Bleeding Kansas were political skirmished fought between 54 and 56 over whether Kansas will enter the US as a free or slave state. The fire was sparked when pro-slavery and anti-slavery people settled in Kansas during the voting to increase their votes. Two separate governments were established and the actual violence began when Charles Sumner gave the "Crime Against Kansas" speech was given. Pro-slavery vigilantes attacked abolitionist, and vice versa. 200 deaths total. fate left undecided. -
Election of 1860
The democratic party was divided and the republican party had Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln had very few political enemies, and held a moderate approach to slavery (wanted to stop its spread, not slavery altogether). Lincoln will win the election because of the division in the democratic party, and it will be the first time a regional party won. -
Crittenden Compromise
The Crittenden Compromise was a proposal to re-institute and extend the 36* 30* line to the Pacific Ocean for new states entering the US.President Lincoln shot down the idea because he favored the Constitution amendment protecting slavery in the South. -
Trent Affair
The Trent Affair occurred when the Confederates sent diplomats to Europe, and the USS San Jacinto intercepts RMS Trent. The CSA wanted tensions between Europe and the US but tensions quickly dissolved when Lincoln released the diplomats. -
Period: to
Civil War
-
Fort Sumter
The was the first battle during the Civil War, it took place at a South Carolina fort. The south needed to make a show of force so they attacked before the ships arrived to resupply the fort. Lincoln needed to let the south attack first to declare them in state of insurrection (rebellion). -
Twenty Negro Law
The Twenty Negro Law was constructed after the Confederacy started its own draft and income tax. The law stated that men who owned 20 or more slaves did not have to be drafted. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was ordered by President Abraham Lincoln and declared all states in the Confederacy free unless the war ended by January 1, 1863. This proclamation stopped Britain from entering the war on the Souths side. This only applied to the states in rebellion, so the border states were allowed to keep their slaves. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
-
Gettysburg Address
The Gettysburg Address was a speech given by Abraham Lincoln months after the battle of Gettysburg. The purpose was to honor soldiers who had died in the battle, and to encourage people to preserve the nation. It was Lincoln's most famous speech. -
Lincolns 10% Plan
As apart of the reconstruction plan, Lincoln proposed that if a states wanted to rebel against the US, the state could be put back into the US once 10 percent of voters in a former Confederate state take a U.S. loyalty oath, then they could form a new state government and be readmitted to the Union -
Robert E. Lee
Robert E. Lee was a army Confederate soldier. He will become the leader of the Army of Northern Virginia, and defeat the Union at the Second Battle of Bull Run. After that, Lee really didn't have any victorious moments, he retreated at Gettysburg, and will surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. -
Election of 1864
The election of 1864 was between republican re-elect President Abraham Lincoln, and democratic nominee George McClellan. Lincoln was actually afraid he would not get elected again due to the attacks made on him by the democratic party about his setbacks during wartime. Lincoln was able to get a boost after Sherman's capture of Atlanta, and was able to win the election fairly easily. -
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant served in the US army during the civil war and was a general. Because of him, the Union had control over most of Tennessee and Kentucky. He seized Confederate strongholds and railroads, and captured most of the Mississippi River after the battle of Vicksburg-winning the battle. He would eventually command all Union armies in 64' and forces the Confederates to surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. Grant will later become the 18th president of the United States. -
13th Amendment
The 13th amendment stated that slavery or involuntary service would be allowed in the US. The 13th amendment formally abolished slavery in the US. -
KKK
The KKK, founded in 1866, was a form of white resistance. It extended all over the south. They resisted equality and rights to African Americans. -
Election of 1868
Running for president from the republican party was Ulysses S. Grant who served in the army during the Civil war, while the democrats nominated Horatio Seymour. Many conflicts arose when African Americans voted during this election. Ulysses S. Grant will win the election. -
14th Amendment
The 14th amendment stated that those born in the US were citizens, are subject to its law, and cannot be denied their rights and privileges guaranteed int he Constitution. -
15th Amendment
The 15th amendment stated that people cannot be denied their right to vote based on the fact that they were one slaves, their race, or color. -
Compromise of 1877
After the disputed Presidential Election of 1876, Congress declared Republican Rutherford B. Hayes the winner, but Republicans promised to withdraw remaining troops from Southern states. This marked the end of Reconstruction.
