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1500 BCE
Caste System
The Caste System in the Aztecs was a strict social structure that identified and divided people. The caste system started from lower class people and moved up to the highest class: Merchants and Artisans,Nobles, Council (part of royal family) , and the highest King or High Priest. For many High level priest they had to follow their own class system if not they would be punished with death. The lowest class were mainly farmer, slaves and poor people. This was made for people to not interfere. -
Period: 1500 BCE to 1485
Beginning of Exploration
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476 BCE
Fall Of The Empire
Toward the end of the fourth century,the Roman Empire fell after a long thousand year run of being one of the empires with the greatest powers. Many things slowly started happening during the end of the 500 years that causes it to crumble such as decline in morals and values,public health, political corruption,unemployment, inflation and urban decay. Most people believe that the empire fell because of the massive changes happening throughout time and dint allow people to adapt. -
1095
Crusades Indulgences
Indulgences for the crusades was believed to be a punishment from god because of your sins and wrong doing during your life. The sell of indulgences was basically to buy yourself into heaven and guarantee a spot for you there because people thought they were not going to be permitted into heaven because of their sins. Indulgences were set to be another way to another way to be a remission of the temporal punishment due to sin.Martin Luther was the first to speak out on this fake issue -
1347
The Black Death
The Black Death was a disease that spread throughout Europe after it made its way from Central Asia in 1337. The disease began when a ship that carried rats infected fleas and later went to infect the people in Europe. During these times cities were filthy and infection spread easily and quickly in a short period of time. Bodies were left in rivers or streets which made the disease outbreak.It went on to kill about 25 million people in only five short years.It went on to wipe out two thirds. -
1440
Printing Press
The printing press was made during the middle ages when ideas were problematic and inventions were not common. Towards the end of the middle ages an invention chanced the world. Johannes Gutenberg created what is now known as the printing press, who perfected the technique. When the printing press was created, it changed the world. Science, beliefs,culture and politics all changed when the creation was exposed.By the year 1500 the printing press was in every city because it was spread so quickly -
Mar 6, 1475
Michelangelo
Michelangelo was born March, 3rd 1475. He was a famous artist during the Renaissance age. He is most famous for the 'David" sculpture that he made him well known during this age. he was considered the greatest artist of all time and still hold the title. Another one of his well known art works was the Pieta and he did both the David and pieta before the age of thirty which proved how successful and talented he really was when it came to art. Michelangelo was also known as "il divino". -
1485
Herman Cortez
Herman Cortes was a military leader and explorer born 1485. He set to explore the new world at a very young age and later joined an expedition to Cuba. He failed many expeditions to Mexico. Cortes fought many warriors and set his goal to fight The Aztecs. He defeated the Aztec Empire to claim Mexico for Spain. -
1553
Calvinism
Calvinism was made from John Calvin who was a Protestant reformer in the 16th century. Calvinism was simply a movement in the Orthodox that was made by Calvin himself. Since Calvin did not agree with the Catholic Church he left which made him teach and influence the new practice know as Calvinism. Calvinism seemed to spread all over Europe where most people were Lutheran and seemed to stay with heir same practices and beliefs. Calvinism reached america at the end of the sixteenth century. -
Period: 1553 to
English Colonial Societies
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Headright System
The Headright System was created in 1618 in Jamestown , Virginia , it was refereed to a grant of land of around 50 acres given to settlers who settled in the 13 colonies. The Headright system was created to attract more pople to settling in Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Maryland. The Headright system seemed to be successful because the population increased in the British colonies. The main purpose of the free ancres was to settlers was to help the labor shortage. -
Mayflower Compact
The mayflower compact was the first movement to self government. Pilgrims who traveled t the new world on the Mayflower ship were the ones that wanted to establish their own authority and avoid possible mutiny, the pilgrims leaders signed the agreement called the Mayflower Compact.The Mayflower impact was in effect until 1691 and was the first attempt at self governance in america and its main purpose was to enforced. The pilgrims had obtained permission from the English to settle in Virginia. -
John Winthrop
John Winthrop Born on January, 22nd 1588. Winthrop was suggested to serve as governor of Massachusetts Bay which was a very puritan colony. During his time as governor he was focused on leading a large group of migrants of puritans from England to america. He was said to be the most prominent of all the founding fathers because of his good judgement and leading traits when it came to govern. He was governor from 1630-1634. -
Proprietary Colony
Proprietary Colony were colonies and land granted by the British as a form of license to rule for groups and independent people. They used these colonies to settle down in areas rapidly during times when prices were high.This land was the type of land that belonged to all the ruler and it was his prerogative to divide. These type of land were also made arrangements made in the Norman times for certain English countries located in the border.This was called a proprietary colony depending on class -
Nathaniel Bacon
Nathaniel Bacon was born on January 2, 1647 in Suffolk, United Kingdom. Bacon is most known for being the leader of Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 and for being a colonial leader in Virginia. Because of many disagreements Bacon had the rebellion started due to economic hardship, unsettled politics and frightening incidents. Bacon was a big part of the trade in the Indian trade and he seized some innocent Indians who he accused of stealing corn and many discriminated him after the incident. -
Salem Witch Trial
The Salem Witch trials began with young girls in Salem Village Massachusetts, who said to be possessed by evil spirits such as the devil. Several woman in Salem Village claimed that local woman performed witchcraft which caused the girls to be possessed. After many more reports over the local woman a court was set to happen and the first convicted witch was hung that June. Since Christianity was a major believe during these times all Christians believed that the devil gave people power. -
Period: to
Colonial America to 1763
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The Great Awakening
The great awakening was an era of renewal between political groups and religion that involved the Glorious Revolution in 1688. The great awakening was a way to prepare for the war that was going to come.This movement was all about religion and focused on a great emotion of prayer. The great awakening was caused when there seemed to be many arguments over religion caused by political groups. Believers and followers of the new religion realized that power was made by self governance. -
Adam Smith
Adam smith was born June 5,1723 in Scotland. Adams early years consisted of studying and attending college at the age of 14. He was focused on publishing and giving public lectures in universities as his professional life. In 1759 he published "The theory of Moral Sentiments" which talked about the sympathy between members in society. Later on in 1776 he published "An Inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations and it was all about the study over political economy. -
Samuel Davies
Samuel Davies born 1723 was a pastor and educator in Hanover County. He was involved in The Great Awakening with religion that involved the disestablishment of the church of England. Davies was also a poet and spread Gods word. He was also one of the first non-Anglican preachers. Later on his poetry caused hymns and published a book of his poetry. Davies went on to educate slaves and he believed that no one deserved to not hear or read the word of God. -
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic slave trade was trade path to trade slaves. The slave trade included Europe to Africa, Africa to the Americas and from the Americas back to Europe. It consisted of free black people living in their birth country and were then just randomly kidnapped to provide work and labor for the Europeans. All major European were involved with the Atlantic Slave Trade because they thought it would satisfy and improve their country. The slave trade came to an end over protest and resistance. -
Deism
Deism is simply a religion where the followers believe God made the Universe and everything in it. They believe the rest was made and created because of the people on this earth and evolution. They accept the the existence of god but they're no way involved in any other practices or religions other than. During the first tears it was created it was common for families involved in deism not attend any church because of their beliefs and didn't support any religious groups other than their own. -
Triangular Trade
The triangular trade was trades made from England to Africa, The Americas back to England, and African to the Americas. The triangular trade was needed for exports and imports and was very helpful because this way a lot of money was made.The trade also included the trade of slaves to trade for raw materials in the Atlantic to Caribbean and Americas. The purpose of the triangular trade was for goods to be traded for other goods instead of being bought or sold to save money and be resourceful. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
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Treaty Of Paris 1763
The Treaty of Paris was the end of the 7 years war between Great Britain and France. Since the British government was so interested on ending the 7 years war because of the great debt and how expensive it had been to maintain the war. The British Government realized he didn't want to keep paying for the expensive military presence. The treaty of Paris was made ans signed to end the highly expensive was and eliminated conflict,The treaty of Paris set the colonist to a path of independence. -
Taxation Without Representation
"No taxation without representation" was a slogan made by colonist/citizens from the 13 colonies during the 1750's. This was one of the major causes that cause the American Revolution. This protest started when colonist felt like they were not being represented like laws that has passed before without them knowing. The stamp act and the sugar act were examples of what made colonist mad and made them do such a big protest in hopes of this issue to change. Colonist viewed this unfair. -
Stamp act Congress
The stamp Act Congress was the first action against the British to protest against the Stamp act issued in 1765. Many colonist were not in support with the Stamp act and was later repealed based on economic problems and concerns from British citizens and merchants.The stamp act was passed by British Parliament to make citizens pay more taxes on papers they printed such as ships papers,legal documents,licenses and newspaper. The cost was not much but was made without approval of the legislatures. -
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson is most known as the author of the deceleration of independence and most importantly for serving as the third president of the united states during 1775-1783. Later on in 1775 Jefferson was then selected as a delegate to the Second Continental Congress. At a young age he was asked to draft what is now known one of Americas most important documents. He was also asked by George Washington to become the new first Secretary of state. -
Patrick Henry
Patrick Henry was born on May 29,1736 in Hanover County Henry worked as a lawyer a orator and patriot.Henry was best known as being a huge believer in right to bear arms and wanted to make sure every citizen has their rights. His protest including patriots carried out through the beginning of the revolution in Virginia. He served in public office for thirty years in the Virginia House of Burgeses committee of correspondence. He then was elect as delegate to the Continental Congress. -
Battle Of Bunker Hill
The bunker Hill was the beginning of the Revolutionary War 1775-83. The battle was fought between the British and the Americas and the British was the winner. Even though The Americas lost harshly this also brought a lot of confident boost for the rest of the war and made them fight harder throughout the Revolutionary War. This war lasted for a year ans was a big prediction and, strong message and idea of how the rest of the war was going to be fought to all the other colonist. -
The Decleration Of Independence
The deceleration of independence was written by third president of the United states, Thomas Jefferson when America gained its independence in 1776. The deceleration of Independence included the right to life in america and the rights the government are demanded to give us and how if they fail to protect them we can overthrow the government. "All men are created equal and are entitled to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" is he main idea and preview of what the main focus. -
Massachusetts Constitution
The Massachusetts Constitution was a model for the United states Constitution.It was also very similar to the way the constitution is now written, it was only four parts in the Massachusetts constitution. John Adams was the one to draft the Constitution followed by Samuel Adams and James Bowdoin to all be part of the drafting and writing committee.John Adams focused on history ad past events to write his own ideas and thoughts about the american government. Individual rights were also included. -
Articles Of Confederation
The articles of Confederation was the constitution made before the one we now have.Since the beginning of the American Revolution it was thought that a stronger union was needed and so was a powerful government to win the war.Toward the beginning off the American Revolution the government was very weak and not stable enough to last the end of the war and the urge for this to change increased.The main cause of weakness was the federal government given little power and a large amount to the states -
Battle of Yorktown
General Washington commanded a force of over 17,000 french and continental soldiers to start the siege known as The Battle Of Yorktown. The battle was against the British General Lord Charles Cornwallis. The battle was located in Yorktown, Virginia. Not long after battle started the British surrendered and the american revolutionary war ended. -
Shays Rebellion
Shays rebellion was given the same from multiple protest in 1786 and 1787. The Rebellion began when farmers were being charged taxes while there were bad harvest, economic depression which threaten them to loose their farms. Daniel Shay was the captain of the Rebellion and that is how the name was created. During the rebellion it consisted of killing man white people and even a family of seven. The Rebellion was spreading and Daniel Shay soon had a great following. He was caught and hung in 1825 -
Three Branches
In 1787 representatives met in Philadelphia to draft the constitution to divide the powers of the administrative branches. This was made to make sure no other branch had more power than the other and they would hold Check and balances to balance it out and for power to be limited and not being taken advantage of. This was made for things like dictatorship to never happen. he branches are known as the executive branch, legislative branch, and the judicial branch. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was an act of Congress passed on July 13,1787. The Northwest Ordinance created the Northwest Territory which was the first official organized territory in America. The Northwest Territory outlined the process for adding a new state to the union and still promising that it will be equal to the other 13 colonies. The Northwest Ordinance also protected liberties,education be encouraged, civil rights and most importantly for slavery to be outlawed. The ordinance attracted. -
Connecticut Plan
On July 16,1787 Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellesworth, delegates of Connecticut established a two house legislature. The Connecticut plan is also known as the Great Compromise and it was made because of the heated debate between large and small states representation in the newly proposed Senate. The larger states in the United States believed that their representation would have to be based depending on finance and defense ans small states would have the same amount of rights to be fair and equal. -
Federalist
The Federalist party was the opposing side of the Democratic-Republican Party. The federalist were made up of people who supported a strong national government. The Federalist was one out of two political groups in the United states and was made when George Washington administration and dominated the government. There were many strong political leaders who supported and followed the federalist party such as John Adams and Alexander Hamilton. In addition the federalist were apposite of democrats. -
Period: to
The Constitution
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Period: to
New Republic
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Washington's Precidency
George Washington was president of the United Stated between 1789-1797. His presidency served two terms and became the first president.His first great work was lead the colonist to victory and beat the British. Washington as the first president made sure to try his hardest ans tried to set an example to show how future presidents should govern and run the country.In 1796 Washington went back to Mount Vernon after declining a third term as president. -
Whiskey Rebellion
January of 1971 Alexander Hamilton who was secretary of the Treasury as the time made a new law and added taxes to Whiskey. Hamilton decided to add this tax out of no where because of the huge debt America seemed to be in after the revolutionary War. Surprisingly the congress passed this law and the news spread through Pennsylvania where citizens refused to pay the tax because they found it unfair especially the farmers who felt like the tax was targeting them especially in the hard time. -
Jays treaty
After the Revolutionary war Britain and the United States had high tension after was caused by three main issues, the issues consisted of exports overflowing the markets in the US. The frsnch revolution later on caused war between France and Britain and the United States started to have tension over their support on opposite sides. Jay later then requested Hamilton instructions for the Treaty and Hamilton agreed with the ideas Jon Jay recommended with the Treaty, The representatives signed it. -
XYZ Affairs
When Jays treaty was signed after Great Britain and France which led to resolve tensions and problems between the two. The XYZ was a political episode that lasted a year during Adams Presidency. Later American and the Republican of France led to the Quinsi War and the letters X,Y and Z were in the names of the french diplomats which stood for Hottinguer X, Bellamy Y, and Hauteval Z. Later on the diplomatic commission sent to France that nagotiated how the war got out of hand. -
Adams Presidency
James Adams was the second president of the United States and was also a great leader in the American Revolution. His first job was being a delegate to the continental congress and becoming the first vice president during Washington's presidency. He took office as president in 1987 and his second term was beat by Tomas Jefferson.One of Adams known thing he did was when he signed the Alien and Sedition Acts to give the government broad power to deport dangerous people. -
Period: to
The Age of Jefferson
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Judiciary Act of 1801
This Judiciary act was organized for the second time to reorganize the federal judicial brand. The legislative process in congress was a debate between anti federalist and federalist. The purpose of the judiciary act was to enlarge the national judiciary. Midnight Judges were then made to appoint new courts by the Republicans and was giving the name because it was known that President John Adams would stay up until midnight to complete the paper work before his term and he introduced this. -
Louisiana purchase
The Louisiana purchase was a purchase made from the united states an was approximately 828,000,000 square miles territory from France which doubled the size of the republic . In 1801 France had signed a treaty no one was aware of. The after math of the Louisiana Purchase was one of Jefferson's biggest achievements as president at the time. Later on after many years in 1812 the Louisianan territory was admitted in the the Union as a United States state. -
Embargo Act 1807
The embargo Act happened when Britain and France decided to impose trade restrictions on each other to weaken each others economies but they were only hurting themselves and putting their countries in bad condition without the right trade. Later on Thomas Jefferson decided to make the Embargo Act in 1807 as a help to the economy. The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law passed that prohibited the trade between neutral parties. Later on the Congress repealed the embargo in 1809. -
Madison's Presidency
During the election of 1808 Madison defeated the federalists and became the fourth chief executive. He ran on the Democratic-Republican and won the 1808 presidential election. He defeated all federalist and got nearly 70 percent of electoral votes. The embargo act and the War of 1812 were two things that happened during his terms in office. Madison was all up for the agreement with England ant the repeal of order in council and the Embargo that was proposed by him too. -
Panic of 1819
The Panic of 1812 was the fist major economic depression in American history. It happened out of no where and it hit hard and harsh. The panic of 1819 had many causes including bank loans, the war of 1812, and the move westward and all led to the panic. Since banks gave to loans to anyone and never knew if it was for sure for to repay, many banks closed. Unemployment, falling prices and manufacturing were all a huge issue during these times do to the economical crises happening in America. -
War of 1812
The United States declared war against Great Britain due to three main issues the economic blockade,the induction of Americans into the Royal Navy against their will and the British support of hostile Indian tribes. The major causes of the war happened when the french revolutionary war and the Napoleonic Wars. The embargo act was one of the main leads of the war. Americas interest were to hurt each other economically to defeat the enemy by blocking trade,After the war the Treaty of Ghent signed -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
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Era Of Good Feeling
The Era Of Good Felling was the name people called a period in the United Sates that was all about good moods and America seemed to be in good shape. This went on from 1817-1825.This era was followed right after the war of 1812 when the democratic republicans split in to northern-dominated republicans ans there was little to no fighting in political things. The United Sates seemed to be making more manufacturing and transport systems and America was in peace with British. -
Slavery in Upper South
Slavery in the Upper South was filled with Masters that owned less slaves and we in less violent involvement. The more the civil war approached the more slavery grew in the South and many slaves were brought in to Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana and because of so many slaves populating the area slave education was banned. When it came to planting it took greater toll on slaves that were treated harsher and it was the main purpose to being sold to move to the South. -
Slavery in Lower South
The Lower South was settles later than the rest of the Western Hemisphere but slavery had already been an institution that was well known because of the British colonies in the east coat because it was well known there and also in French , Spanish, Caribbean and Mexico. Since the soil and climate was very well it was perfect for planting of labor intensive crop like sugar,rice, and cotton and made slavery efficient for slavery. Slavery was spreading along the lower south because of labor. -
Irish Immigration
During colonial times the Irish started to migrate to The United states . In 1845 Ireland had its second largest wave to immigrants going to America. Ireland had many people leaving because of the high population of people starving in the country and killed a million people sue to the shortage of food and economical crisis.The population in Ireland -
Missourri Crisis
The Missouri compromise was effort made from the congress because of sectional and political rivalries that didn't agree with the request of Missouri in 1819 for slavery to be allowed. Even though all twenty two other states were slave free states they still wanted to make slavery legal and unbalance and may have had an effect on expanding slavery in America again. The effort for slavery to be in Missouri was defeated. -
Eastern State Penitentiary
The first real penitentiary in the United States was located in PA. These were prisons filled wit major and strict discipline with maximum control in attempt to reform wrongdoers and used the method in hoped of improving behavior. This system was based on the Quakers and believed that gods grace would reform the prisoners because the prisoners would go crazy and act out of control when placed in solitary confinement they were kept in there until they couldn't not take it anymore. -
John C. Calhoun
John C. Colhoun was a spokesman for the slave-plantation system in the South. When he was younger he helped the United States go into war with Britain and helped create the second bank of the United States, served as U.S secretary of war, and vice president. As a nationalist he was one of the main leaders who helped lead the war with Britain in the was of 1812. Later in 1824 he ran for president but it didn't have to take him a while to have to drop out of the race because of a partisan attack -
Andrew Jackson
The 1824 presidential election was the collapse of the republican-federalist political frame work. No candidate ran as a federalist for the first time. Andrew Jackson won in the electoral college with ninety nine votes but was followed by John Quincy Adams who was secured eighty four votes. Jackson did not become the sixth president despite receiving 43 percent on the popular vote and beating Quincy who only had 30. The house of Representatives were the ones who made the final decision . -
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Age of Jackson
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Cultural Changes
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Second Party System
The Second Party system was created in 1828, the party system is the first and only party system that is two major parties and it reflected and shaped the political and social cultural currents. The major parties included the Democratic Party led by Andrew Jackson and the Whig Party and mad by Henry Clay. This was made as a term to name the political framework existing in the United States. In each region the two political parties had equal support, the same two parties appeared in every state, -
Death Of Jackson's Wife
Rachel Jackson married Andrew Jackson at age 26 in March 1767 and passed away June 08, 1845.She passed away only days after his election and before his inauguration in 1829.She was said to have has sank into depression and had a lot o stress on her in 1828 and she later died at Heritage because of her heart condition and was reported, she had a sudden hear attack on December 22,1828. She had passed away right before he left to Washington. Andrew blamed his political enemies for his wife's death -
Mormons
Mormons was the name of the followers who followed the Church Of Jesus Of Latter Day Saints. This was one of the first religions that emerged i the religious scene and it was one of many and by the en of the 1840's Mormonism had been spread all over america, There were about 40,000 Mormons by the end of 1845.This religion had a relation to both society which emerged and to the evangelicalism that was such a dominant force in society.They isolated communicatarian groups. -
Free Black Communities
The Founders of the Black Free Community were the activities the newly freed slaves in the North. All the southern slaves were living a different life because they were under the shadow of slavery, they weren't able to have the same benefits and independence as the slaves in the North. Between all blacks in the area were trying to achieve the end to slavery and all planned escape routes and runaways in hopes to get to freedom and a safe place. Free people of color were also a huge contribution. -
Indian Act Removal of 1830
The Indian Removal Act was signed and made by Andrew Jackson who was president at the time on May 30,1830.He wanted territory and the territory belonged to the native Americans. Andrew led an expedition again the Creek Indians where Indians surrendered their traditional land to the United States which was about half of present day Alabama. Jackson led the Indian removal campaign and helped to remove Indians and did this with nine successful treaties.The Indians knew they were not strong enough. -
Thomas Dew
Tomas Roderick Dew believed in pro-slavery and always argued on why he believed so. He supported his believes with anti-slavery arguments and believed that slavery was not a sin. He mad many arguments that included religion and god and hot it tied with slavery not b=being anything wrong. He believed that owners of slaves didn't mistreat their slaves and treated them fairness and slaves would respond with a joyful obedience."Color alone here is the badge of distinction., he believed. -
Tariff Act of 1832
The Tariff act was enacted July 14 1832 and was written by a former president John Quincy Adams who has been elected to the House Of Representatives and was chairman. It was known as the protected tariff in the United States. The purpose of the tariff was to intend the protection of the industry in the north. Southerns were not happy with the tariff was the unrest and dissatisfaction lead to the nullification crisis, because of that a net bill was passed known the Tariff of 1833. -
New York Female Reform Society
The New York Female Reform Society was founded in 1834 by the women in the city. During this time woman were treated unfairly and believed they deserved better.One of the reasons this was created was to end prostitution because it wasn't completely illegal and 5 to 10 percent of women were prostitutes.Woman were led to doing this because this was one of the most well payed jobs at the time for women.The group of women goal was to prevent prostitution from happening.They prayed and reported them. -
Battle of Gonzales
The Battle of Gonzales was the first actin the military did during the Texas revolution. It was fought between Texas settlers and the Mexican army soldiers. This was known as the flash point of the Texas revolution. The Mexican army was staying in a small settlement in Gonzales and only a small canon was available to defend themselves from the hostile Apaches.The men of Gonzales ended up firing the canon towards the Mexican troops. The "come and take it flag' was created as a symbol. -
Telegraph
The Telegraph was first developed in the 1830's by Samuel Morse ans he made many other inventions. The Telegraph was made to send messages despite long distance to communicate. The telegraph worked by sending electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. The telegraph also had something called the "Morse Code" which consisted of many dots an dashes that translated to letters of the alphabet as another way of communication or secret communication with important people. -
Panic of 1837
The Panic of 1837 was one of many financial crisis that happened in the United States and lasted until the 1840's. Unemployment,profits, and wags went up during this horrible crisis. Banks collapsed and closed, businesses failed, prices declined and and many people were left unemployed.The panic was caused due to the prices of land, cotton and slaves rose sharply in these years. Everything seemed to be expensive and nothing was being old.The recovery happened a year later but things were bad. -
Trail Of Tears
The trail of tears got its name because this was a deadly pathway many Native Americans were forced to move and forced west. There were about 125,000 of Natives that lived on millions of acres in Georgia,Tennessee, Alabama and north Dakota. During the end of the decade there were barely any natives left in their territory. Native Americans had to leave because the federal government was forcing them to move for white settlers to have territory to grow cotton. Natives then made a deadly walk. -
Lowel Mills
Lowell Mills were one of the first systems used that changed the Industrial Revolution to be in the United States and because of it two factories were made. The Lowell system was made to have a domestic textile industry. Lowell wanted to rise jobs instead of making people loose their jobs when the factories were created.His inspiration came from his trip to Britain when he saw other textile mills. When he arrived back to America he designed his own and built it next to the Charles River . -
William Miller
William Millie was a farmer and served as a captain in the war of 1812. William was also a baptist preacher who was credited the beginning of the Adventist movement which was a religion part of the second great awakening. William wanted to combine both of his baptist and deism faith together, When William was asked to read the days sermon his friends stated that he seemed very passionate and how his beliefs might have been what they were also looking for. -
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Westward Expansion
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Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Joseph Smith Jr organized the church of latter day Saints. HE claimed he had a vision of go declaring specific tenets of Christianity to be abominations. This group of people who followed this religion believed and emphasized moderation,saving, hard work, and risk taking: moved from IL to Utah. He deciphered the book of Mormon from the golden plates given to him by an angel. The religion gained converts and set up communities all over only making the religion spread even more. -
Manifest Density
Manifest density was the name of an era during the 19th century, during this time aerica seemed to be in a very good place and this attitude helped fuel western settlements. The name was gained by the belief Anglo-Saxon Americans providential in America. The manifest density made people believe that settlers were destined was to settle and expand all over america.The themes were special virtues, remake the image of agrarian Americans and the passion to complete essential duties. -
Annexation of Texas
Only six months after the congress of the republic of Texas accepted the annexation of the territory and Texas was part of the United states on December 29th as the 28th state. The Mexicans were soon outnumbered when Americans went to go in settle in Texas . Texas first entered as a slave trade very soon after the annexation and caused many conflicts with the rest of the United States because of the differences and set of the Mexican-American War. Texas took the offer to be part of America. -
Mexican American War
The Mexican American war took place from 1846 through 1848 and it was the first conflict that made a war and was fought on foreign soil. One of the main causes in this war was the Manifest Density,westward expansion,economics, and slavery. Americans had believed that the manifest density was only made to conquer land. About a dozen people died when Mexicans seiged to the american fort along Rio grande. The treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo ended the war when both the Us and Mexico signed the treaty. -
Battle of Palo Alto
On May 8,1446 was the first engagement of the U.S-Mexican War. General Mariano Arista brought 4,000 man force to fight in the war and they traveled north to Mantamoros, crossed the Rio Grande to the west and headed east to place his army. On the fourth hour the fighting came to an end and Mexican forces had ran out of ammunition and withdrew and moved the edge of the field. Then continued fighting in the morning.Taylor who lead the war was seen as a hero and was later elected president. -
Free soil Part
The Free Soil Party's slogan was "free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men." This group opposed slavery expansions into new territories and states. They're believes are were that the governments could not end slavery in states where it was already allowed because it would restrict slavery in new areas. The group played a huge role in Ohio during the late 1840's , the Whigs nominated Zachary Taylor as president after the party because they like the influence. They were not abolitionist -
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Sectionalism
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California Gold Rush
The discovery of gold nuggets was in Sacramento in the year 1848 and it tarted the Gold Rush. The news about the gold all over California spread throughout Europe and America, people from sea and over land would travel just in hopes to get gold. There was about $2 billion worth of gold in California and was all gone by the year 1852. The gold rush was found by James Wilson Marshall , who was a carpenter and found flakes of gold in the american river. Even miners had difficulty finding the gold. -
Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The treaty of Hidalgo was written to end the Mexican-American war and ended the war when it was signed on February,2,1848. The treaty didn't only end the war but it also added 525,000 square mile to the United State territory and it made the Rio Grande American territory. This has still been counted as the oldest treaty still in force between Mexico and The United States.This treaty also affected Mexico because it halved the size of Mexico but still added territory to the Texas state. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The Seneca Falls Convention in the United States in July 1848. The convention was made for the social, civil and religious right of woman.In the meeting they discussed the resolution of woman's right and they talked about what they believe they deserve. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the one who wrote the woman grievances and demands and guaranteed the right to equality as U.S citizens. The group of women were feminist and believed that all men and women are created equal and deserve the same rights -
Tenant Farming
After the Civil War southern plantations were needed to find more working lands that slaved had farmed. They took advantage of former slaves to make there own farms. The people who worked as tenant farms were paid badly and were commonly paid between one third and one half of the profits made.When weather was bad which was very common , crops were really bad and profits were very low. The tenant farmers were very independent with their crops and it was common for many of them to rarely go debt. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 included five laws that passed in September of that same year,1850.California had requested permission to enter the Union as a free state and the ended up unbalancing the free and slave stated that already were part of the Union.In there was a seek to try and fix the problems that had happened when California requested permission to be part of the Union and because of the attempt to fix it the Fugitive Slave Act was later made the compromise was shown to Senator Henry. -
Bleeding Kansas
Bleeding Kansas was the term that was used to describe the violence and settling in the Kansas territory. This was one of the bloodiest war between 1854 and 1861 involved anti slavery and pro slavery. Bleeding Kansas had just furnished the newly formed republican party with much needed antislavery problem in the national election. Bleeding Kansas shaped the united states and the decades of the 1850s.The forces would lead a disintegration on the Union itself. This came to on the impact of slavery -
Kansas Nebraska act
The Kansas Nebraska Act was passed in the United States by the congress on May 30th 1854. The whole point of this act was to allow people to decide for themselves whether or not they would want slavery within the borders, this gave them the right to share their own opinions on how they felt about slavery. The anti slavery settlers had held another election and pro slavery settlers did not decide to vote, This caused for the establishment of twi opposing legislatures within the Kansas land. -
1st battle of Bull Run
The first battle of Bull run took place near Mananas Junction in Virginia and was the first major land battle of the American Civil War. Confederate troops had opened fire of Fort Sumter to star of the Civil War and both sides of the press were eager for the Union to advance to Richmond where the planned meeting was on July 20. Even though the confederate troops won they were very disorganized and this sent false hope to northerners who expected a easy victory. But it conflict came to both -
Harpers Ferry
Harper's Ferry was the main source of an assault by the armed band of a group of abolitionist led by John Brown. John Brown was the main lead and his life changed when he went to an abolition meeting and publicly announced that he wanted to destroy the institution of slavery. On October 16th 1859 Brown an his group started the raid but then word got out and his men were surrounded the same day and killed two of his sons and ten on his men. John Brown was found guilty and charged with treason -
Abraham Lincolnn 1860
Abraham was elected the 16th president of The United States and was the first republican to win the presidency. Although he only won 40 percent of the popular vote he still won over other three democratic candidates. The electoral split between Northern and Southern democrats was emblematic of the severe sectional split. During Lincolns campaign he said that he preferred a full term as senate. Lincolns platform stated that slavery would not spread farther than it had already been spreading. -
Critteden Compromise
What the Crittiden Compromise was basically an unsuccessful proposal by the United states.It was known as included six proposed constitutional amendments and four proposed congressional resolutions.When the crittendden compromise was proposed it was narrowly defeated in the senate but the senate never acted on his resolution. This was all propose by congress as a compromise to see whether slavery was permitted or not in the territories. This was only to see on specific territories. -
George Mclellan
George McClellan was an army officer and rail road president.McClellan organized the army in 1861 for Potomac. He was very liked by his men and everyone got along great. In 1862 when McClellan campaign went a mess after the seven day battle,he also failed to defeat Robert E. Lee in the Battle of Antietam that same year, because of this conflict Lincoln decided to remove him from command in the army and he also failed to be part of the presidential campaign against Lincoln. He served governor -
North vs South
The North and the South seemed to be very different from each other. The North had more smaller farmsteads than larger plantations with northern soil and very good climate. Many Northerners were working in agricultural pursuits and slavery had dies out. In the South there was fertile soils and warm climate which made larger plantations more common and grew crops like tobacco and cotton. Since the south was full of slave states they were free at the time and there were more blacks than whites. -
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The Civil War
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Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter was he engagement that opened the civil war. On December 20th 1860 South Carolina was taken from the union and South Caroline had asked for all property back. Sumter was only one of two forts in the South ad was still owned and controlled by the Union.Since they discovered that Lincoln was going to send supplies The confederate General decided to surrender because he was sure they would be beat in the war if required supplies were used. April 14, 1861 marked the end to the battle -
Battle of Vicksburg
The battle of Vicksburg is known to be one of the most successful campaigns of the union.The union made their way to Vicksburg during the summer of 1863 and were distinguishing themselves with shelling random targets and Calvary raids. In June residents of the area were hiding in underground caves and people were on short rations.The main effect of the battle during the civil war because the union had gotten full control over the Mississippi river and shut down trade, transportation and military -
Emancipation Proclamation
The emancipation Proclamation was made by Lincoln and stated that January 1st 1863 all states that were still in rebellion against the union were forever free. Lincoln always believed that the emancipation was always needed and he tried very hard for this law to pass. He knew that this would be a very positive change and he did not care that people were against it and his congress men were worried it would look like an act of desperation. After the eagle of victory he issued the proclamation. -
Carpetbaggers
The term carpetbaggers was a name used for people who lived in the north that later moved to the south after the American Civil War. Many people were known to leave because of the advantages and the different opportunities that were given that weren't available in the north. Carpetbaggers were leaving their towns to advance in their own fortunes and buy land from desperate southerners by manipulating new black voters to obtain lucrative government contracts. They were known to be well educated -
Lincoln 10% pan
Lincolns plan for reconstruction included the ten percent plan and the purpose of it was to reunify the North and South after the end of the war. His main goal was for everyone to be united and he saw the reconstruction as forgiveness. His blueprint for this process included this plan and it was basically to state that southern state could be readmitted into the union once 10 percent of voters agreed and swore the oath of intelligence. For many this was viewed more like a political maneuver. -
Wde-Davis Bill
The Wade Davis Bill was a bill proposed during the reconstruction era.The congress had passed but president at the time, Lincoln decided not to sign it and the bill was not successful.The bill required 50% of the voters of a state to take loyalty oath and permitted only non confederates to vote for a new state constitution. This plan was all fully developed by the radical republicans.The significance of the bill was that many member of congress they made it clear that they needed harsh laws -
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Reconstruction
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Abraham Lincolns death
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United State was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14 1865. Abraham was assassinated when he attended the play at the Fords Theater while watching a play. Lincoln was sitting on a booth in the upper audience while his team and protective services were downstairs and didn't think anything would happen to Lincoln. Abraham was shot in the head and passed away the next day.To this day their are still many theories why this happened -
Lincolns Tomb
The Lincoln Tomb is the final resting place for the 16th president of The United States, not only is it his resting place its also His wife's, and three of his four sons resting place also. The tombs are located in Oak Ridge Cemetery in Illinois. During his memorial it went wrong and his tomb was moved for the tomb to be rebuilt and restores and all tombs were moved to a nearby Vault. -
KKK
The KU KLUX KAN also known as the KKK was founded in 1866 and it included about all southern state by 1870. This organization was founded by former confederate veterans in Pulaski, Tennessee. and the name came from the work "kyklos" which mans circle. The Ku Klux Klan was dedicated as an underground campaign of violence against republican leaders and votes which were for both black and white. The spread of the KKK happened quicly and was branched in almost every southern state. -
Scalawags
Scalawags was also a tern used for southerners who were working with the North to buy land overtime from desperate south settlers. This was also the name given for people who supported the federal plan of the decision of reconstruction. The main purpose of the scalawags was to turn in their own people and kind, they wanted to gain financial power through political advances. The scalawags were known to be successful and came from wealth and a good social structure, but many were raised in poverty -
Scandinavian Immigration
immigration to the United States came from the Scandinavian countries such as Sweden,Norway,Denmark and Finland. The immigration happened due to the economical crisis and over population in the Swedish countries. Sweden had been struck with crop failure, unemployment rates. Scandinavian people migrated in large groups to America ans settles primarily in the Midwest such as Dakota,Minnesota,Iowa, and Illinois. -
14th Amendment
The 14th amendment to the United States was ratified on July 28th 1868 and stated that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States". This amendment had been rejected from the southern states many times but it only required three-fourths of the state. This amendment was well known as the " Reconstruction Amendment". Women also wanted to try to use this to proclaim their right to vote and so did African Americans. This granted citizens equal rights and granted citizenship. -
Compromise of 1877
The compromise of 1877 was a compromise that withdrew federal soldiers from the remaining positions they were in, in the south.This would spur industrialization in the south and appointed democrats to the democrats cabinet. The democratic party had easily won the clear majority and was clear that Tilden was going t be elected President but only in three south states,but Hayes ended up winning at the end. This resolved the problems and issues of the 1876 presidential election between both parties
