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11th to 15th century

By rayeen
  • Period: 1031 to 1085

    1031-1085

    AL-ANDALUS
    The important taifas emerge in 1031. Sevilla, Toledo, Badajoz and Zaragoza.
    HISPANIC CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS
    Aragón
    This was inherited as a kingdom by Ramiro I, a son of Sancho III el Mayor.
    Castilla
    Was formed when Sancho III bequeathed this county to one of his sons, Fernando I. During his reign, as he was married to a Princess of León, the Kingdom of Castilla was linked to the Kingdom of León.
    Navarra
    It was ruled by the kings of Aragón between 1076 and 1134.
  • Period: 1085 to 1212

    1085-1212

    AL-ANDALUS
    After the Christian conquest of the Kingdom of Toledo , the taifa kings were forced to seek help from the Almoravids, Muslims that had established an empire in North Africa
    ARAGÓN
    In 1118, Alfonso I of Aragón and Navarra conquered Zaragoza.In 1137, the marriage of Ramón Berenguer IV, the young Queen of Aragón, led to the union between the Catalan counties and Aragón
  • Period: 1085 to 1212

    1085-1212 Second part

    PORTUGAL
    This was a county belonging to the Kingdom of León that was given as a dowry to Henry of Burgundy when he married Alfonso VI’s
    LEÓN AND CASTILLA
    The kingdoms of León and Castilla united by the monarch Alfonso VI, had been strengthened by the conquest of Toledo. This expansion took place during the reign of Alfonso VII, these kingdoms separated on his death in 1157
  • Period: 1212 to 1250

    1212-1250

    The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) was a major victory for the Christian kingdoms. The kings of Castilla (Alfonso VIII), Navarra (Sancho el Fuerte) and Aragón (Pedro II) fought together. Portugal reached the southern coasts of the peninsula in 1249 with the conquest.The union of Castilla and León came with Fernando III in 1230.Navarra turned to France.In 1250, there was only one Andalusian kingdom, ruled by Nasrid dynasty. Aragón lost all its land in the Midi (1213),in which Pedro II died.
  • Period: 1301 to 1400

    The 14th and 15th centuries

    Were marked by conflicts between Christian kingdoms and civil wars caused by rivalry between the nobility and the monarchy. In the end, kings reinforced their authority, but in exchange had to grant financial concessions to the nobility.
  • 1305

    Castilla

    Castilla
    One of the bloodiest civil wars was that between king Pedro I of Castilla and his step-brother Enrique of Trastámara, who aspired to the throne. Enrique II was victorious and acceded to the throne of the Trastámara dynasty. To compensate for this, he developed an intense domestic policy to reorganise the kingdom and managed to increase his authority. The Crown of Castilla began the exploration of the Canary Islands and incorporated territories in the area of the Gibraltar Strait.
  • 1350

    SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATIONS

    In the 14th century, Spanish kingdoms suffered a serious demographic crisis brought on by hunger, wars and the Black Death. This demographic crisis had an economic impact. Social conflicts added to the demographic and economic problems. Confrontations between different groups brought to light the crisis of the feudal system, which tried to adapt its structure to the economic transformations taking place.
    Clashes between different factions of nobles were typical during this era.
  • 1350

    THE CORTES ESTAMENTALES AND PACTISMO REACH A PEAK

    THE CORTES ESTAMENTALES AND PACTISMO REACH A PEAK
    All Christian kingdoms had Cortes Estamentales. Now as the Cortes of Castilla, their major development took place during the 14th and 15th century, when the representatives of cities were an important counterweight to the privileges of the nobility and the clergy.
    General Councils, or Generalidades, were also formed in the Crown of Aragón. These were administrative bodies responsible for carrying out and managing agreements made in the Cortes, such as collecting taxes.
  • 1410

    Aragon

    Aragon
    In the Crown of Aragón, King Martín I died without an heir in 1410. The resolution reached at this meeting, the Compromise of Caspe, meant that the House of Trastámara was put in place rule Aragón. Its power was more limited by the institutions of the kingdoms that made up the Crown. The Crown of Aragón launched an expansion campaign in the Mediterranean, defend its commercial interests. It used fearsome warriors called Almogavars, and numerous trade consulates were established in North Africa.