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1930's History Timeline.
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Herbert Hoover takes office
In the election of 1928,he won the Republican nomination and became the 31st President of the Unites States. He served from March 4, 1929; to March 4, 1933. Despite his volunteer efforts, Hoover was still blamed for the Great Depression and was ranked poorly among the other Presidents. He believed a buisness cyle would help the economic recovery, he wanted indusrties to keep everyone employed; if the work week needed to be reduced, it would be spread over all the workers. -
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
Independant agency in U.S around during the administration of Hoover. They gave two billion dollars to the state and governments, and made loans to banks, buisnessess, and mortgage associations. All of the loans were nearly paid off and as The New Deal came into effect, it woud continue to pay off debts. These agreements played a huge role in helping people endure the Great Depression. -
The Bonus Army
Led by Walter W. Waters, war veterans marched on Washington demanding immediate cash payment instead of their certificates given to them by the WWAC. On July 28th, they met police with resistance and 2 veterans were shot. Hoover then ordered the army to clear out the vets campsite and the Cheif of Staff General, backed by six tanks, drove them out along with burning their shelters and belongings. -
Hitler Takes Power
During the roaring 20's, no one paid Hitler or his vicious ways any attention. However, the Depression struck, they voted him in with increasing numbers. President Hindinburg needed support and gave Hitler the post of Chancellor, mistakenly thinking he could control him. Unfortunately, the Enabling Act of 1933 assured Hitler the constitutional right to excersie dictator like power without objection. -
The New Deal
Created by FDR, passed by Congress, the New Deal helped many people during the Depression. It focused on the three r's; relief for the job starved poor, recovery of the economy, and reform so a repeat depression doesn't occur. The New Deal realigned politics and the Democratts became the majority. The Republicans could either decline and make enemies out of growth and buisness, or accept and try to make it more efficient. It helped many industries to get back on their feet again. -
FDR elected
The 32nd President of the U.S and the only one elected for more than two terms. In retalliation of the Depression, he formed the New Deal; a set of programs to aid relief, recovery, and reform from the pesemistic view bestowed after the Depression. He finacially helped China, and Britian after the Japanese attacked, while still remaining neutral. Roosevelt dominated politics in every way possible and his impact resonated for years even after he died. -
Indian Reorganization Act
This was a federal legislation which secured certain right to Native Americans. This included the right for American Indians to return to a local self-government on a tribal basis. This act also gave the Indians back their land and provisions; the government intended to create a sound economic foundation for the inhabitants of the Reservations. -
The Dust Bowl
This was during the thirties where monsterous dust storms destroyed the soil on American and Canadian lands. The main causes were dought for long periods of time and lots of farming without rotating the crops. In addition, the topsoil of the Great Plains was being dug up which displaced the natural grasses that usually kept the soil anchored in one place. As a result, wind could easily rip and tear up the soil eventually leaving dry, cracked nothingness. -
Social Security Act
This was a pension plan established by the government to try to cope with the Great Depression. Over 5 million people joined and there was a demand of $200 for every person over the age of 60. Normally, old-age pensions like this were not common with the exception of war veterans. The Depression; however, created such misery, that the idea of old-age pensions for everyone was welcomed. The Roosevelt administration immediately secured the Social Security Act of 1935. -
Neutrality Acts
These were laws passed by Congress in response to the increasing chaos in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War 2. The Neutrality acts arose as a result of the growing isolationism in the U.S from World War 1. They made sure that the United States would not become entangled in foreign conflicts again. The Neutrality Acts stayed in effect from 1935 to 1937, then finally got repealed in 1939. -
Father Coughlin attacks FDR, and Jews
Father Coughlin strongly backed FDR's new deal reforms and testified before Congress in support of his policies. Coughlin's support for Roosevelt and his New Deal later faded when he founded the National Union for Social Justice. The Father titled Roosevelt as the "tool of Wall Street," and turned on who he called "Jewish conspirators." His talk show became mostly about antisemitic themes. He blamed the Depression on Jewish bankers and also claimed they were behind the Russian Revolution. -
GM Sit-down Strike
December 30, the Union learned that GM wanted to remove the dies from Fisher #1. There was an immediate meeting called during lunch and the situation was explained;members were sent out across the street to occupy the plant and the strike began. The Union kept an ongoing supply of food for the strikers inside while others who showed their support marched outside. GM wanted the militia to break up the strike. The governor; however, feared that would cause too much blooshed and refused. -
Social Security
In addition to being unemployment compensation, these funds were used to aid rehabilitation, public health services, child welfare along with assistance to help the elderly and the handicapped. The Social Security Act of 1935 began this momentous change and now social security has become the governments largest benefit program. Today, the number of people collecting social security is roughly over 40 million; eight times the amount of people that were collecting back in the 30's. -
The Rape of Nanjing
This was a holocaust and rape war that occured during the time when the Japanese captured Nanjing (former republic of China). During this period, thousands of Chinese civilians and unarmed soldiers were murdered. Over 40,000 women were raped by the Imperial Japanese Army, and there were also many sightings of people getting hacked to death. -
The Grapes of Wrath
A novel by John Steinbeck which took place during the Great Depression. It focuses on the Joades who must face drought, economic strains, and unfrtunate changes in their work and industries. While writing this, he won popularity among the working class for the excercising all of the turmoil families really went through back then.
